54 resultados para 756


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Yeast strain Saccharornyces cerevisiae was irradiated with different doses of 85 MeV/u Ne-20(10+) to investigate DNA damage induced by heavy ion beam in eukaryotic microorganism. The survival rate, DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and DNA polymorphic were tested after irradiation. The results showed that there were substantial differences in DNA between the control and irradiated samples. At the dose of 40 Cy, the yeast cell survival rate approached 50%, DNA double-strand breaks were barely detectable, and significant DNA polymorphism was observed. The alcohol dehydrogenase II gene was amplified and sequenced. It was observed that base changes in the mutant were mainly transversions of T-->G and T-->C. It can be concluded that heavy ion beam irradiation can lead to change in single gene and may be an effective way to induce mutation.

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Hunhe, Taizihe rivers originating from the east mountain areas of Liaoning Province are the biggest tributaries of the left bank of Liaohe River. From the initial stage of New China to the early 1990s, the frequency of flood damage had decreased, but recently the disasters have upgraded and changed from trunk stream to tributary basins. In July 1995, Dongzhouhe, a tributary of Hunhe River, suffered from a heaviest flood since establishing the document of floods in Hunhe basin. Meanwhile, a peak discharge, almost beyond double defending ability, occurred at Dadongshanpu Station of Beishahe River, a tributary of Taizihe River. Besides the continued heavy rainstorm, no controllable water conservancy projects and ecological damages caused by quickly decreasing forest cover and water and soil loss are the two main causes of flood damage. In addition, the low flood protection standard is also one of causes. According to the above analyses, some strategies of synthetic controlling for flood damages were put forward: 1) Establishing the system of ecological engineering to defend floods and reduce disasters; 2)Setting up storage and detention areas; 3) Establishing flood controlling information system; 4) Improving the accuracy of media short period and short period rainstorm forecast and flood forecast; 5) Insurance of flood protection.

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以土壤水分条件及地形等因素为依据 ,进行了立地条件类型的划分 ,共划分了 3个类型组和 9个类型 ,并提出了小流域林草布局的典型模式。根据立地条件类型划分和小流域布局模式可以看出 ,延安研究区有条件发展乔木林 ,但并不是到处都可发展乔木林 ,因此 ,依据立地条件类型进行造林种草的合理布局进行植被建设是取得成功的必要措施。

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论文利用近30a中国756个气象站点日观测数据计算中国陆地表层潜在蒸散和湿润指数现状及变化趋势,然后划分湿润程度变化对不同自然地带生态系统脆弱性影响的等级,并应用于农田、林地和草地三大生态系统脆弱性变化分析,结果显示:近30a中国陆地表层平均年潜在蒸散为754mm,平均湿润指数为-5.6,湿润指数平均变化率为-4.4/10a,反映中国陆地表层湿润程度总体具有下降趋势。近30a中国陆地表层气候湿润程度变化导致生态系统脆弱性增加的面积约占中国陆地面积的43.7%,主要集中在东北地区西南部、华北地区、西北地区东部,以及青藏高原的西部、北部和东部。总体上,近30a中国陆地表层气候湿润程度变化对农田、林地和草地生态系统脆弱性具有不利影响。其中草地生态系统脆弱性增加的面积最大,约占草地生态系统总面积的63.2%;其次为农田生态系统,约占31.6%;林地生态系统脆弱性受影响面积最小,约占17.7%。

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采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同烧结温度的钙钛矿类锰氧化物La0.67Sr0.33MnO3样品。实验结果表明,在1573 K以上烧结的样品,晶粒出现异常长大,晶界效应明显。随着烧结温度的提高,磁化强度逐渐增大,但样品的居里温度基本不变。此外,在1173和1573 K温度下烧结的样品,均出现了低于居里温度的金属-半导体导电行为转变。在合适的烧结条件下,可以观察到隧道磁电阻(TMR)和超大磁电阻(CMR)2种磁电阻效应。实验表明,自旋电子的输运,不仅与样品平均粒径的大小和密度有关,而且与晶界的微观结构有密切关系。

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A novel sandwich-type compound, Na-12[Fe-4(H2O)(2)(As2W15O56)2].41H(2)O, has been synthesized. The compound was well-characterized by means of IR, UV-vis, W-183 NMR and elemental analyses. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic, P (1) over bar symmetry group. The structure of the compound is similar to that of Na-16[M-4(H2O)(2)(As2W15O56)(2)].nH(2)O (M = Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, Mn, Cd), and consists of an oxo-aqua tetranuclear iron core, [(Fe4O14)-O-III(H2O)(2)], sandwiched by two trivacant alpha-Wells-Dawson structural moieties, alpha-[As2W15O56]. Redoxelectrochemistry of the compound has been studied in buffer solutions at pH = 4.7 using polarography and cyclic voltammetry ( CV). The compound exhibited four one-electron couples associated with the Fe(III) center followed by three four-electron redox processes attributed to the tungsten-oxo framework. The compound-containing monolayer and multilayer films have been fabricated on a 4-aminobenzoic acid modified glassy carbon electrode surface by alternating deposition with a quaternized poly(4-vinylpyridine) partially complexed with [Os(bpy)(2)Cl](2+/-). CV, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-vis spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) have been used to characterize the multilayer films.

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By using a correction factor of d electron effects on bond, PV theory is applied to the calculation of chemical bond;parameters of d transition-metal compounds. Racah parameters and Mossbauer isomer shifts are calculated, and the results are agreement with the experimental values.

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本文利用 PV理论通过考虑 3 d电子对晶体化学键的影响,计算了若干 3 d过渡金属化合物的化学键参数并运用于Racah参数和穆斯堡尔谱同质异能位移的研究,计算得到的结果与实验值符合的很好。

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The complex, K2.5Na2NH4[Mo2O2S2(cit)(2)]. 5H(2)O (1), was obtained by crystallization from a solution of (NH4)(2)MoS4, potassium citrate (K(3)cit) and hydroxyl sodium in methanol and water under an atmosphere of pure nitrogen at ambient temperature. The crystals are triclinic, space group , a = 7.376 (3)Angstrom, b = 14.620 (2) Angstrom, c = 14.661 (1) Angstrom, alpha = 71.10 (1)degrees, beta = 81.77 (1)degrees, gamma = 78.27(2)degrees, R = 0.0584 for 2545 observed (I > 2 sigma (I)) reflections. Single crystal structure analysis reveals that citrate ligand coordinated to molybdenum atom through two carboxylato oxygens and one deprotonated hydroxyl oxygen together with two bridging sulfur atoms and a terminal oxygen atom completes distorted coordination octahedron around each molybdenum atom. Principal dimensions are: Mo = O-t, 1.707 Angstrom (av); Mo-S-b, 2.341 Angstrom (av); Mo-O-(hydroxyl), 2.021 Angstrom (av); Mo-O(alpha-carboxyl), 2.1290 Angstrom (av) and Mo-O(beta-carboxyl), 2.268(av) Angstrom. IR spectrum is in agreement with the structure.

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本文采用萃取色谱法以2-乙基已基膦酸单(2-乙基已基)酯(P_507)萃淋树脂为固定相,以HCI-NH_4CI体系为淋洗液,研究了99.999%~99.9999%的高纯Yb_2O_3中稀土杂质和Yb基体的分离条件,将杂质淋洗液富集于复合螯合剂-活性碳上,经灼烧灰化后制成样品电极,进行质谱测定.测定下限达 0.01~0.05 μg/g,可用于高纯 Yb_2O_3中杂质的测定.回收率在80%以上.

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海藻是海洋生物中的一大类群,由于其特殊的生活环境,能够代谢产生大量结构独特多变和活性特殊多样的代谢产物,是化学和生物活性多样性研究的重要对象之一。我国海域辽阔,海藻资源丰富,为寻找结构新颖、生理活性独特的先导化合物,加强对海藻资源的开发利用,本论文对中国沿海的三种海洋红藻进行了化学成分和生物活性研究,同时对山东青岛海域生物量丰富的一种海洋红藻松节藻进行了动物体内抗糖尿病活性研究。 利用正相硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱以及反相HPLC和重结晶等现代分离手段,对山东青岛沿海的红藻扇形叉枝藻(Gymnogongrus flabelliformis)进行了系统的化学成分研究,从中得到单体化合物26个,通过波谱学方法(IR、MS、NMR等)鉴定了他们的结构,分别为(3R,6R,7E)-(+)-3-O-phenylacetyl- 4,7-megastigmadiene-9-one(1),(3R,7E)-(-)-3-O-phenylacetyl-5,7-megastigmadiene -9-one(2),(3S,6R,7E)-(+)-3-hydroxyl-4,7-megastigmadien-9-one(3),(3S,5R,6S,7E)- (-)-3-hydroxy-5,6-epoxy-7-megastigmene-9-one(4),(3S,5S,6R,7E)-(+)-3-hydroxy- 5,6-epoxy-7-megastigmene-9-one(5),Dehydrovomifoliol(6),(3R)-(-)-4-[(2R,4S)-4- acetoxy-2-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexylidene]-3-buten-2-one(7),2,3,3′-三溴-4,4′,5,5′-四羟基-1′-乙氧甲基双苯基甲烷(8),2,2′,3,3′-四溴-4,4′,5,5′-四羟基双苯基甲烷(9),3-溴-4,5-二羟基苯甲醛(10),2,3-二溴-4,5-二羟基苯甲基甲醚(11),2,3-二溴-4,5-二羟基苯甲醇(12),N, N-二甲基酪胺(13),4-羟基苯甲酸乙酯(14),4-羟基苯甲基乙醚(15),4-羟基苯乙基乙酯(16),4-羟基苯乙酸甲酯(17),4-羟基苯甲醛(18),豆甾-4-烯-3-酮(19),胆甾-4-烯-3-酮(20),胆甾醇(21),尿嘧啶(22),尿嘧啶核苷(23),腺嘌呤核苷(24),丁二酸(25),5-羟基-4-甲基-5-戊基-2,5-二氢呋喃-2-酮(26)。其中化合物1、2为新化合物,化合物3为新天然产物,所有化合物均为首次从该属海藻中分离得到。通过 MTT 法对部分单体化合物进行了肿瘤细胞毒活性筛选, 结果表明,化合物8、9、10、12对筛选的所有细胞株均有较强细胞毒活性,化合物11对人肺癌细胞株(A549)、人肝癌细胞株(Bel 7402)、人结肠癌细胞株(HCT-8)有一定细胞毒活性。通过研究单体化合物对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞TNF-分泌的影响,对其进行抗炎活性筛选,结果表明,化合物8、9、11、13、17、23、24、25对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞TNF-分泌表现出明显的抑制作用。 从采自山东荣成镆铘岛的红藻小珊瑚藻(Corallina pilulifera)的乙酸乙酯萃取物中分离得到16个单体化合物,通过波谱学方法鉴定化合物结构14个(另外2个正在鉴定中),分别为2α-乙氧酰基-2β-羟基-A-降胆甾-5-烯-4-酮(27),胆甾-4-烯-3-酮(28),胆甾醇(29),3β-羟基-胆甾-5,24(28)-二烯-7-酮(30),2α-羟基-胆甾-4-烯-3-酮(31),6α-羟基-胆甾-4-烯-3-酮(32),3β-羟基-胆甾-5-烯-7-酮(33),(E)-phytol epoxide(34),Phytenal(35),3,7,11,15- tetramethyl-hexadec-2-en-1-oll(Phytol)(36),Loloilide(37),(3S,5R,6S,7E)-(-)-3-hydroxy-5,6-epoxy-7- megastigmene-9-one(38),Dehydrovomifoliol(39),4-羟基苯甲醛(40)。其中,化合物 31为新天然产物,化合物27为首次从植物中分离得到,所有化合物均为首次从该种海藻中分离得到。通过 MTT 法对分离得到的单体化合物进行了肿瘤细胞毒活性筛选,化合物27和化合物32对筛选的所有肿瘤细胞株均有细胞毒活性,且化合物27对人胃癌细胞株(BGC-823)、人结肠癌细胞株(HCT-8)和人卵巢癌细胞株(A2780)具有中等强度抑制活性。化合物28、化合物31和化合物33对人肝癌细胞株(Bel 7402)、人结肠癌细胞株(HCT-8)和人卵巢癌细胞株(A2780)有一定细胞毒活性。 从采自广西北海涠洲岛的多管藻Polysiphonia sp.的乙酸乙酯萃取物中分离得到6个单体化合物,通过波谱学方法鉴定化合物结构5个(另外1个仍在鉴定),分别为胆甾醇(41),3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-hexadec-2-en-1-ol(Phytol)(42),3-吲哚甲醛(43),4-羟基苯甲醛(44),4-羟基苯甲酸(45)。 对山东青岛沿海的松节藻 (Rhodomela confervoides) 乙醇提取物进行了初步的体内抗糖尿病活性研究,采用链脲佐菌素诱导的2型糖尿病(STZ-DM)大鼠模型对其进行体内降糖实验,结果发现,松节藻乙醇提取物在糖尿病大鼠体内不仅具有显著的降血糖作用,且呈现良好的量–效关系,而且能够纠正糖尿病引发的物质代谢紊乱,增加体重,提高试验动物的成活率,因此具有良好的应用开发前景。