87 resultados para 0.06 µm


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A technique based on the integrations of the product of amplified spontaneous emission spectrum and a phase function over one mode interval is proposed for measuring gain spectrum for Fabry-Perot semiconductor lasers, and a gain correction factor related to the response function of the optical spectrum analyzer (OSA) is obtained for improving the accuracy of measured gain spectrum. The gain spectra with a difference less than 1.3 cm(-1) from 1500 to 1600 nm are obtained for a 250-mum-long semiconductor laser at the OSA resolution of 0.06, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 nm. The corresponding gain correction factor is about 9 cm(-1) at the resolution of 0.5 nm. The gain spectrum measured at the resolution of 0.5 nm has the same accuracy as that obtained by the Hakki-Paoli method at the resolution of 0.06 nm for the laser with the mode interval of 1.3 nm.

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To improve the accuracy of measured gain spectra, which is usually limited by the resolution of the optical spectrum analyzer (OSA), a deconvolution process based on the measured spectrum of a narrow linewidth semiconductor laser is applied in the Fourier transform method. The numerical simulation shows that practical gain spectra can be resumed by the Fourier transform method with the deconvolution process. Taking the OSA resolution to be 0.06, 0.1, and 0.2 nm, the gain-reflectivity product spectra with the difference of about 2% are obtained for a 1550-nm semiconductor laser with the cavity length of 720 pm. The spectra obtained by the Fourier transform method without the deconvolution process and the Hakki-Paoli method are presented and compared. The simulation also shows that the Fourier transform method has less sensitivity to noise than the Hakki-Paoli method.

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A constant amount of Ge was deposited on strained GexSi1-x layers of approximately the same thickness but with different alloy compositions, ranging from x = 0.06 to x = 0.19. From their atomic-force-microscopy images, we found that both the size and density of Ge islands increased with the Ge composition of the strained layer. By conservation of mass, this implies that these islands must incorporate material from the underlying strained layer. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)03529-4].

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This paper proposes an embedded ultra low power nonvolatile memory in a standard CMOS logic process. The memory adopts a bit cell based on the differential floating gate PMOS structure and a novel operating scheme. It can greatly improve the endurance and retention characteristic and make the area/bit smaller. A new high efficiency all-PMOS charge pump is designed to reduce the power consumption and to increase the power efficiency. It eliminates the body effect and can generate higher output voltage than conventional structures for a same stage number. A 32-bit prototype chip is fabricated in a 0.18 mu m 1P4M standard CMOS logic process and the core area is 0.06 mm(2). The measured results indicate that the typical write/erase time is 10ms. With a 700 kHz clock frequency, power consumption of the whole memory is 2.3 mu A for program and 1.2 mu A for read at a 1.6V power supply.

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MoNi/gamma-Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by the impregnation method. The catalyst samples were characterized by XRD and TPR. The effects of Mo promoter content and the catalyst reducing temperature Oil hydrotreatment activity of the catalyst were studied under 200 degrees C and 3 MPa hydrogen pressure using acetic acid as the model compound. The XRD results indicate that the addition of Mo promoter is beneficial to the uniformity of nickel species on the catalyst and decreases the Interaction between nickel species and the support Which results in the decrease the of NiAl2O4 spinel formation. The addition of Mo promoter also decreases the reducing temperature of the catalyst. After the catalyst of 0.06 MoNi/gamma-Al2O3 being reduced Under the atmosphere of H-2/N-2(5/95, V/V), nickel oxide was reduced to Ni-0. The reaction was promoted obviously upon the addition of the MoNi/gamma-Al2O3 catalyst reduced at 600 degrees C. The Mo-modified Ni/gamma-Al2O3 catalyst reduced at 600 degrees C displayed the highest activity during the reaction, the conversion of acetic acid reached the highest point of 33.2%. The products included ethyl acetate and water.

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We observed Sgr A* using the Very Large Array (VLA) and the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) at multiple centimeter and millimeter wavelengths on 2003 June 17. The measured flux densities of Sgr A*, together with those obtained from the Submillimeter Array (SMA) and the Keck II 10 m telescope on the same date, are used to construct a simultaneous spectrum of Sgr A* from 90 cm to 3.8 mu m. The simultaneous spectrum shows a spectral break at about 3.6 cm, a possible signature of synchrotron self-absorption of the strong radio outburst that occurred near epoch 2003 July 17. At 90 cm, the flux density of Sgr A* is 0.22 +/- 0.06 Jy, suggesting a sharp decrease in flux density at wavelengths longer than 47 cm. The spectrum at long cm wavelengths appears to be consistent with free-free absorption by a screen of ionized gas with a cutoff similar to 100 cm. This cutoff wavelength appears to be three times longer than that of similar to 30 cm suggested by Davies, Walsh, & Booth based on observations in 1974 and 1975. Our analysis suggests that the flux densities of Sgr A* at wavelengths longer than 30 cm could be attenuated and modulated by stellar winds from massive stars close to Sgr A*.

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采用样方法研究了首曲湿地功能区"黑土滩"退化草甸改良后3 a的群落特征变化,分析了围栏封育和补播"高寒1号"生态组合草种对退化草甸的恢复改良效果.结果显示:仅封育3 a后,"黑土滩"退化草甸群落的盖度、高度、地上生物量和可食牧草比例均显著提高,丰富度指数由0.55增加到0.75,多样性指数由0.07增加到了0.25;封育后补播"高寒1号"生态草种相对于封育前,使得退化草甸的盖度增加了56.00%,高度增加了11.74 cm,地上生物量增加了222.24 g/m~2,可食牧草比例增加了55.98%,物种数由5种/m~2增加到了15种/m~2,丰富度指数由0.55增加到了3.29,多样性指数由0.07增加到了1.85,均匀度指数由0.06增加到了0.27.相对围栏封育而言,封育后补播是一种更有效的"黑土滩"退化草甸改良恢复措施.围栏封育和补播配套实施可以显著改善"黑土滩"退化草地的群落貌相、草地生产力和组分结构状况.

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有机薄膜晶体管由于具有低成本、易于柔性基底兼容、可以大面积制作等优点,已经在有源平板显示、低端电子产品以及传感器等方面显示出了极大的应用潜力。由于有机异质结具有一些与无机异质结不同的特性,而基于有机异质结的电子器件也显示出越来越受到人们的关注。因此,本论文的工作主要集中在有机异质结薄膜晶体管的功能与薄膜形貌的研究上。 1. 我们首先研究了BP2T/F16CuPc异质结的特征(第二章)。在BP2T/F16CuPc异质结界面处,BP2T的能级向上弯曲,F16CuPc的能级向下弯曲,费米能级穿越F16CuPc的LUMO。并且在其异质结界面处,存在载流子的累积,其中空穴累积在BP2T中,累积厚度大约为10 nm,电子累积在F16CuPc中,累积厚度大约为20 nm。 2. 我们利用BP2T/F16CuPc异质结的特征,通过改变BP2T的厚度,在BP2T/F16CuPc有机异质结薄膜晶体管中实现了晶体管的三种工作模式(第三章):n沟道、双极型和p沟道。在n沟道模式下,电子迁移率随着厚度的增加而增大;在双极型模式下,电子和空穴的迁移率先随着BP2T厚度增加而增加,当BP2T的厚度超过5 nm 时,电子和空穴的迁移率分别达到最大值,随着BP2T厚度的继续增加,电子和空穴的迁移率就开始下降;在p沟道模式下,空穴的迁移率不在随着BP2T厚度的变化而变化。通过对BP2T薄膜进行原子力表征,我们发现这些规律是与BP2T薄膜的表面形貌密切相关的,并给出了载流子累积的示意图。 3. 根据BP2T/F16CuPc有机异质结薄膜晶体管在三种工作模式中所具有的规律,将其双极型的工作模式推广到金属酞菁体系、菲体系、硫茚体系以及萘体系与F16CuPc的异质结材料对中,并分别从第一半导体的生长方式、 分子长度以及迁移率等方面对实现高性能的双极型传输进行了讨论(第四章);在BP2T/F16CuPc有机异质结薄膜晶体管中将单极型电子的迁移率提高到了0.06 cm2/V•s,将双极型电子的迁移率提高到了0.1 cm2/V•s,并且观察到了F16CuPc在BP2T上具有弱外延生长;在NaT4/F16CuPc有机异质结薄膜晶体管中通过设计新的器件构型,实现了高迁移率、高开关比的p型常开型工作模式。

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自20世纪60年代发展到现在,激光技术发展的速度十分惊人,应用的范围不断拓展,近年来随着有机/聚合物电致发光材料在有机发光二极管上的应用以及有机晶体管和有机太阳能电池的研制成功,科学家们开始了有机/聚合物材料放大自发发射和激光发射行为的研究。到目前为止,已经开发出了这种廉价、可以大面积成膜的、具有更广泛应用范围的有机/聚合物固体激光材料及光泵浦激光器。有机/聚合物激光器的出现不仅向传统激光理论提出了新的挑战,而且具有诸多潜在的应用价值。可以断言,在21世纪知识经济的大潮中,有机/聚合物激光器的研究必将推动传统学科的发展和新兴学科形成,也必将为人类带来巨大的经济效益。新的有机激光材料不断涌现、器件结构不断推陈出新、新的激发原理不断提出并得到修正已经成为有机/聚合物固体激光研究领域的三大特点。本论文进行了利用Förster能量传递对荧光染料DCJTB放大自发发射行为的优化、基于放大自发发射的红光染料DCJTB掺杂聚合物薄膜的白光发射、多孔结构对荧光染料放大自发发射行为的优化以及基于纳米结构的荧光染料DCJTB掺杂聚合物薄膜的激光行为等方面的研究工作,具体研究内容如下: 1、利用Förster能量传递理论,系统地研究了两种或三种染料共掺杂聚合物薄膜的放大自发发射(ASE)行为。研究表明,两种染料共掺杂显著改善了掺杂聚合物薄膜的ASE阈值、增益和损耗特性,而三种染料共掺杂,由于更多的Förster能量传递,使掺杂聚合物薄膜的ASE阈值、增益和损耗性能得到了进一步的改善。将Alq3和C545T两种绿光染料同时掺杂到DCJTB:PS中,通过利用Alq3和C545T同时的能量传递效应,已经使Alq3:C545T:DCJTB:PS薄膜的阈值、增益和损耗分别达到了0.007 mJ/pulse、52 cm-1和7 cm-1。 2、将红色荧光染料DCJTB掺杂到蓝色聚合物PFO中,通过控制DCJTB在PFO中的浓度,我们获得了具有放大自发发射的白光发射,当DCJTB在PFO的掺杂浓度为0.3%时显示了最好的白光ASE特性, 白光中DCJTB和PFO发射的阈值、增益和损耗分别达到了0.072 mJ pulse-1,0.035 mJ pulse-1;36.3 cm-1,22.35 cm-1和7.39 cm-1,15.88 cm-1。我们的结果表明,DCJTB掺杂聚合物PFO体系是实现ASE白光发射的有效方法,拓展了ASE的应用范围。 3、开发出了二维多孔SBA-15和三维TiO2反蛋白石光子晶体两种实现有机ASE有效发射的两种结构,通过利用有序结构的SBA-15的量子限域效应优化了蓝光染料C151的ASE阈值、增益和损耗特性,而通过利用三维TiO2反蛋白石光子晶体的量子限域效应,也使包埋其中的绿光染料C545T的ASE特性得到了明显改善。研究表明,无论是二维SBA-15多孔结构还是三维TiO2反蛋白石光子晶体结构,通过其量子限域效应都能很好地优化包埋其中的荧光染料的ASE特性,为进一步优化有机半导体的ASE特性提供了新的思路。 4、将聚苯乙烯纳米球分散到DCJTB:PS薄膜中和把DCJTB:PS薄膜旋涂在ZnO纳米柱阵列上两种方法,我们已经成功地研制出了多模随机有机激光发射器件。详细研究表明,多模随机有机激光发射特性显著地与聚苯乙烯纳米球的尺寸和浓度以及ZnO纳米柱的疏密程度密切相关,优化后的聚苯乙烯纳米球掺杂DCJTB:PS薄膜的阈值已经达到了0.06 mJ pulse-1cm-2,而ZnO纳米柱包埋DCJTB:PS薄膜的阈值达到了0.375 mJ pulse-1cm-2。我们的结果表明,聚苯乙烯纳米球和ZnO纳米柱都是实现随机有机激光的非常好的散射介质材料。

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自组装是生物体、化学体系及自然界中一类重要的自然现象,也是近二十年来得到广泛关注的科技前沿。人们在自组装现象的基础上发展起来的自组装膜制备技术已成为制备二维有序体系基本方法。它的出现为我们在理论研究和应用开发两个方面提供了广泛的发展空间。在理论方面,自组装膜提供了有序而明晰的界面结构,为我们研究界面间电子传递的规律提供便利,在此基础上人们揭示了自组装膜内电子沿碳链传递的机制,并且求出电子隧穿系数为β = 0.06~0.14nm~(-1)。在实践方面,功能化的自组装膜作为具有很高应用潜力的薄膜材料在非线性光学、信息存储、分子电子器件、表面改性等许多领域扮演重要的角色。为了提高薄膜材料的性质,例如增加信息存储能力、增强非线性材料的信号强度等,一个最为基本的途径是增加自组装膜间活性官能团的表面密度。但是许多实验结果已经告诫我们活性基团表面密度的增加并不一定能简单地增加预期的性质。如何理解这些特殊现象,如何考察分子间作用对薄膜性质的影响,如何从分子设计的角度出发,有效地设计、制备人们预期性质的有序薄膜。这些问题值得做深入地研究。我们的目的是寻找一座连接分子设计和有序薄膜整体性质之间的桥梁。围绕这一主题,我们开展了以下工作。1. 自组装膜基本性质和自组装的过程 末端带有可以解离基团(-COOH,-NH_2)的自组装膜,具有更重要的实用价值。表面解离常数好处表面pK_a的确定无疑是应用过程中的一个重要的问题。在电化学研究的基础之上,我们提出了一个比以往工作更为准确的测定方法,并以此研究了巯基丙酸、巯基十一酸、硫辛酸自组装膜的表面pK_a。实验中发现了自组装膜表面pK_a随自组装膜表面覆盖度而变化的现象。我们发现在高浓度下铜离子的欠电位沉积(UPD)可以用于表征金电极的表面积和测定自组装膜的表面覆盖度。以此为基础我们研究了癸巯醇在金上自组装成膜过程,发现了组装过程中更为精细的亚过程。进一步我们又研究了一系列具有树枝状结构的自组装分子的成膜过程。2.醌类自组装膜的电化学动力学 通过静电吸附和共价键合两种方法我们将具有电化学活性的多巴胺分子固定在自组装膜表面详细研究了它的电化学动力学。在改变自组装膜的碳链长度之后我们也求出了电子沿碳链传递的隧穿系数。3.表面电化学行为的计算机模拟 对于自组装膜电化学行为的特殊现象,我们提出了相应的模型,并编写了计算模拟程序对此作了模拟。

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本论文合成了R_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x) (R = La、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Dr、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb)、Y_2Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x) (x = 0.10~1.17)和Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(7-x)S_x (x = 0~2),并对磁性和超导电性进行了较为系统的研究。R_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x)的磁化率在T > Tc的很宽的温度范围内服从Curic-Weiss定律,求得的有效磁矩略大于理论值,差值与Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x)中Cu~(2+)磁矩相近,说明Cu~(2+)的磁矩对体系磁性有额外贡献,这贡献随R~(3+)离子中自旋平行的电子权的增多而增大。其高温下的磁化率CT > 700K)相对Curic-Weiss定律发生较大偏离,这偏离可能的来源有三个:高温下稀土离子发生较大的能级反转效应,高温下结构相变对磁性的影响,高温下氧含量减少造成Cu~(2+)磁矩增大。R_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x)磁化率在T < Tc时也服从Curic-Weiss定律,R~(3+)磁矩是定域的,表明超导与磁性相互独立。互不相关,稀土磁矩与传导电子间无相互作用。用Sr取代R_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x)中的Ba,没能使体系产生磁有序的变化,但却使有效磁矩增大,并完全破坏了样品的超导电性。Sm~(3+)磁化率不服从Curic-Weiss定律,在Sm_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x)中Sm~(3+)显示了典型Van VlccK离子的特性。Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x)随氧含量减少发生超导体一半导体一绝缘体的转化,当氧含量由6.90减小至6.49时发生由正交到四方的结构相变。当(7-x) = 5.83时有较多杂质相出现,123相开始分解。样品磁化率均服从Curic-Weiss定律,并随氧含量增大磁化率-温度曲线越来越趋于平缓(直线),当(7-x) = 6.90时磁化率基本不随温度变化,这时Pauli顺磁性占主导地位,这说明氧含量增加定域磁矩减少,求得的有效磁矩Peff随氧含量增大总趋势减小。提出了电子“巡游”的观点,较好地解释了上述现象,并推测出Cu(2)的d电子是离域的,对样品磁矩没有贡献,样品Peff来源于部分Cu(1)的定域Cu~(2+)的磁矩,上述推测被EPR结果证实。正交相Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x)的EPR谱显示了中心对称成准立方晶场中Cu~(2+)(d~9, S = 1/2, I = 3/2)的EPR物性。而四方相样品的EPR谱却出现了明显的各向异性,说明观察到的为Cu(1)的EPR信号,由Cu(1)~(2+)的写域磁矩产生。Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x)的EPR信号束源于本体相,而非Y_2Cu_2O_5、BaCuO_2、Y_2BaCuO_5等杂质相。各样品EPR信号的自旋浓度远小于1spin/cu,并随氧含量减小而增大,当(7-x) = 6.49、6.40时自旋浓度出现陡增,这时伴随由正交到四方的转化,证明了电子“巡游”观点的正确。用硫部分取代Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_2g中的氧,当Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(2-x)Sx中x = 0.11时Tc = 92.6K,比Y_1Ba_2Cu_3O_(7-x)升高2K,但由于杂质相的存在,ΔTc加宽。其他样品多为半导体和绝缘体。硫取代0,当x = 0.04,0.06,0.11和1.20时磁化率服从Curic-Weiss定律,并且x = 0.87,1.2时分别在230K、240K出现反铁磁有序。其他样品由于Cu被还原为+1价而变成抗磁性。x = 0.11 (Tc = 92.6K),EPR谱为正交场中Cu~(2+)的信号。自旋浓度与温度无关。当所有Cu均为Cu~(1+)时,测问的是-s-的EPR信号,而Cu为混合价态(+1和+2时)测问是上述两种信号的叠加。

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The defect levels in Hg1-xCdxTe P+N junction photodiodes (x = 0.4) were first studied using deep-level transient spectroscopy. Two electron traps, E(1)(0.06) and E(2)(0.15), and two hole traps, H-1(0.075) and H-2(0.29), were obtained, Characteristic parameters-the minority lifetime of the devices and the dynamic resistance-area product at zero bias-are estimated according to these levels. Results show that these two minority levels may be important in controlling lifetime. We have studied the recombination mechanism of the hole trap H-2(0.29) further. It has a large activation energy and satisfies the formula sigma(T) = sigma(x) exp(-E(F)/E(T)). This reflects the fact that its recombination mechanism is multiphonon nonradiative recombination, which is rarely reported in narrow-bandgap materials.

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采用等离子增强化学气相沉积方法(PEVVD)制备了微量掺碳的p型纳米非晶硅碳薄膜(p-nc-SiC:H),反应气体为硅烷和甲烷,掺杂气体采用硼烷,沉积温度分别采用333 K,353 K和373 K.测量结果表明随着沉积温度增加和碳含量的增加,薄膜的光学带隙增加;薄膜具有较宽的带隙和较高的电导率,同时有较低的激活能(0.06 eV).Raman和XRD测量结果表明薄膜存在纳米晶.优化的p型纳米非晶硅碳薄膜作为非晶硅p-i-n太阳电池的窗口层,使得太阳电池的开路电压达到0.94 V.

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维生素C二步发酵混菌生产中,第一步由单菌发酵将D-山梨醇转化为L-山梨糖,第二步由产酸菌氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌与伴生菌巨大牙孢杆菌混菌发酵将L-山梨糖转化为2-酮基-L-古龙酸(维生素C的前体物).利用离子注入技术,采用N<'+>离子束为诱变源,诱变维生素C二步混菌发酵中的产酸菌氧化葡萄糖酸杆菌.通过建立的维生素C高产菌筛选方法,以2-酮基-L古龙酸为筛选标记,获得一株维生素C高产菌株D14,其与生产用伴生菌巨大牙孢杆菌组成维生素C新混合菌系ND14,平均醇酸转化率比生产用混菌提高3.3个百分点.维生素C高产菌株D14及维生素C新混合菌系ND14生长特性及发酵特性为:维生素C高产菌株D14生长能力明显增强;维生素C新混合菌系D14于种子培养基中稳定期延长8-12小时,总生物量增加;在发酵过程中ND14生长明显快于CK,菌体总生物量增加.利用均匀设计的方法对新混合菌系ND14发酵培养基进行了优化,其结果为:最适玉米浆浓度为1.6%、最适尿素浓度为1.6%、最适MgSO<,4>浓度为0.03%、最适KH<,2>PO<,4>浓度为0.06%.

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对超临界压力下大庆RP-3航空煤油在小管道内的流动、传热过程进行了数值研究. 湍流模拟采用了 RNG k-ε两方程模型和Wolfstein一方程模型结合的两层模型;同时, 采用煤油的10组分替代模型以及NIST Supertrapp程序库对大庆3号航空煤油的热物理和输运特性进行了确定. 圆管传热的计算条件为:入口压力4 MPa, 入口温度300 K, 质量流量范围:0.06~0.12 kg/s, 壁面热流密度范围:300~700 kW/m~2. 计算结果显示, 煤油的流动和传热特性比水、二氧化碳等简单化合物复杂得多. 在超临界压力下, 煤油的吸热升温导致其热物理特性以及流动特性均发生剧烈变化, 其中, 雷诺数沿管道方向上升了至少一个量级, 而普朗特数下降了一个量级. 在加热开始段, 煤油的对流传热系数迅速上升;当壁面温度超过其拟临界温度后, 对流传热系数略有所回落;随着煤油温度的进一步上升, 传热系数又得到明显增强. 计算表明, 煤油对流换热特性的变化与煤油复杂的高温热物理特性以及湍流流动在近壁区的增强和抑止有关