375 resultados para Bibel, Levitikus, 13,2-46


Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

了解三江源人工草地净生态系统CO_2交换(Net ecosystem CO_2 exchange, NEE)的季节变化规律和主要生物因子及环境因子对这些过程的影响将有助于认识青藏高原人工草地生态系统碳循环、生态价值、功能,以及对三江源区的生态安全的重要意义.该研究利用涡度相关技术,于2005年9月1日至2006年8月31日对位于青海腹地的垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)人工草地的NEE及生物和环境因子进行观测,阐明NEE及其组分的动态变化特征和影响因子.三江源区人工草地生态系统的日最大吸收量为2.38gC•m~(-2)•d~(-1),出现在7月30日.日间最大吸收率和最大排放率都出现在8月,分别为-6.82和2.95/μmol CO_2•m~(-2)•s~(-1).在生长季,白天的NEE主要受光合有效辐射(Photosynthetically active radiation, PAR)变化控制, 同时又与叶面积指数和群落多样性交互作用,共同调节光合速率和光合效率的强度.最大光合同化速率为2.46~10.39μmol CO_2•m~(-2)•s~(-1),表观初始光能利用率为0.013~0.070μmol CO_2•μmol~(-1)PAR.在碳交换日过程中,NEE并不完全随着PAR的增加而增大,当PAR超过某一值(>1200μmol•m~(-2)•s~(-1))时,NEE随PAR的增加而降低.受温度的影响,生长季的生态系统的呼吸商Q10(1.8)小于非生长季节的(2.6).生态系统呼吸主要受温度的控制,同时也受到叶面积指数的显著影响.生长季昼夜温差大并不利于生态系统的碳获取.三江源区人工草地生态系统是一个较强的碳汇,为-49.35gC•m~(-2)•a~(-1).

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

在氢氧化锂存在下,脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯(1a)发生空气氧化和重排反应,经盐酸酸化和重氮甲烷甲基化,得到由紫红素-7三甲酯(2)、紫红素-18甲酯(3)、卟吩-P6三甲酯(4)、地质卟啉衍生物(5)和3-环氧乙基-3-去乙烯基紫红素-18甲酯(6)所组成的混合物.用相同的方法处理焦脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯(1b),则分离出13^2-氧代焦脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯(7)、15-甲酰基紫红素-5二甲酯(8)、紫红素-18甲酯(3)和3-环氧乙基-3-去乙烯基紫红素-18甲酯(6)-所得新叶绿素衍生物5,6和8的化学结构均经UV,IR,^1H NMR及元素分析得以证实,并对相应的反应提出可能的反应机理.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

以金露梅(Potentilla fruticosa)灌丛草甸生态系统为对象,应用静态密闭箱-气相色谱法对高寒灌丛(GG)、丛内草甸(GC)和裸地(GL)的CO2释放进行了初步研究。结果表明:GG、GC和GL CO2的释放速率均呈明显的单峰型日变化进程,最大释放速率出现在15:00~17:00之间,最小值在7:00前后出现,白天释放速率大于夜晚;CO2释放速率具有明显的季节性变化特征,生长期CO2释放速率明显高于枯黄期,且均表现为正排放,8月为CO2释放高峰期,释放速率GG>GC>GL(P<0.01);2003年6月30日至2004年2月28日,高寒灌丛植被-土壤系统CO2释放量为3088.458±287.02g/m^2,丛内草甸植被-土壤系统CO2释放量为2239.685±183.68g/m^2,其中基础土壤呼吸CO2的释放量约为1346.748±176.24g/m^2,分别占GG和GC释放量的43.61%和60.13%;CO2释放速率的日变化主要受地表和5cm地温制约,而季节动态与5cm地温呈显著正相关关系(P<0.01)。

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

综述了芳香族化合物的发现过程、反刍动物饲草料、瘤胃和尿液中芳香族化合物的主要类型及存在形式。马尿酸是最早从家畜排泄物中发现的芳香族化合物。反刍动物的尿液中排出的苯甲酸几乎完全来源于日粮中的前体物。饲料日粮中芳香族化合物是酚酸、简单酚、香豆素、棉子酚、酚的生物碱、类黄酮、单宁酸和木质索。羟基肉桂酸和安息香酸是维管束植物中广泛存在的一类酚类化合物,其在禾本科牧草中的含量远高于豆科牧草,但禾谷类籽实中的含量却很低。瘤胃液和尿液中的芳香族代谢物主要是无酚的芳香酸、酚酸和苯酚,环己烷羧酸是惟一发现的脂环族酸。饲喂不同的日粮饲草料,反刍家畜以马尿酸形式排出的氮量大约占尿氮总量的6%,变化范围为1%~38%。测定尿中芳香族化合物特别是马尿酸对预测反刍家畜的采食量具有重要潜力和作用。

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

性比是反映动物种群的基本特征之一,因此成为种群生态学的主要研究内容。就种群的性比而言,在不同的物种、或同一物种在不同的时期和条件下都有极大的不同~[1-4]。性比的改变将影响动物的种群结构、家庭组成和交配关系,也影响动物两性的配偶竞争、繁殖投入、繁殖成功以及性二型的分化等~[4-13]。在繁殖过程中,动物可以采用改变性比的方法调节种群的密度和大小[2,14,15]。同时,动物的性比受多种因素的影响,不仅存在季节、年间以及地理变化的差异,而且受环境条件(如气温和降水量)的影响~[2~4]。捕食风险也是影响性比的主要因素。虽然许多动物出生时的性比是一样的,但是,由于捕食者在捕食猎物的过程中存在明显的选择性,使其性比发生了明显的变化~[16]。对于动物种群性比的研究已有诸多报道,其研究的动物包括海蛇尾(Ophiactis savignyi)~[5]、龙虾(Homarus gam- marus)~[6]、射毒蛙(Dendrobates purnilio)~[9]、斑马雀(Taeniopygyia guttata castanotis)~[8]、褐家鼠(Rattus norvegicus)~[17]等。高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)是青藏高原草地生态系统中的优势小哺乳类动物。有关高原鼠兔种群性比的研究,国内学者有过涉及~[18,19],但所作工作多是在高原鼠兔繁殖生态学研究中进行的静态描述,对种群性比的年龄变化,季节和年度变化及其与环境条件的关系等方面的研究尚缺详细的报道。本文通过对高原鼠兔种群性比的年间比较、不同胎次性比的分析和越冬对其性比影响的研究,旨在探讨高原鼠兔的性比变化在其种群调节中的作用。

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

对在青海高原开发野菜资源菊芋(HelianthustuberosusL)进行了述评。介绍了菊芋的生物学和生态学特性,栽培管理方法。菊芋块茎富含菊糖,经现代生物技术深加工后,可得菊粉(Inulin)。再以菊粉为原料经菊粉酶(InulinaseEC3.2.L7)水解可制成低聚果糖(Oligosaccharides)、超高果糖浆(UltrahighfructoseGlucoseSyrupsUHFGS)。菊粉、低聚果糖、超高果糖浆都是当今食品工业的一种全新的多功能配料,是全水溶性膳食纤维,同时还是双歧杆菌增殖因子,应用前景非常广阔。

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

青藏高原是我国主要的畜牧业基地之一。青藏高原退化草地面积约为4 251 万hm 2, 占全区可利用草地面积的33% , 其中“黑土型”退化草地面积估计为703.19 万hm 2, 占全区退化草地面积的16.54%。其中, 轻度退化草地可食牧草量与毒草量的比值为1.73∶1, 中度为2.46∶1, 重度为0.98∶1, 极度为0.33∶1。不同退化程度的草地其地下活根量呈下降趋势, 土壤含水量亦明显下降。退化草地土壤趋于碱性, 有机质减少, 速效养分增高。“黑土型”退化草地鼠类危害相当严重, 青海省达日县草场高原鼠兔的平均洞口数为4 168个/hm 2, 有效洞口数为1 167 个/hm 2, 有鼠兔374 只/ hm 2。据统计, 青海省达日县1985 年“黑土型”退化草地为16.77 万hm 2, 1994 年猛增到57.50 万hm 2, 平均每年以14.75%的速度递增, 每年退化4.50 万hm 2。“黑土型”退化草地面积不断扩大, 使江河源头生态环境日趋恶化, 威胁着人类和草食家畜的生存环境, 严重阻碍着草地畜牧业的可持续发展。“黑土型”退化草地是由于放牧过度、鼠类破坏、人为影响、气候干旱等综合因素引起的。

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

我们以张新时用Thornthwaite植被的PE(可能蒸散)指标所作出的可能蒸散的多元回归模型和他对Holdridge的修正系统对柴达木地区的植被-气候关系初步分析,二者在柴达木地区植被一气候相关性规律较好,这两种方法基本上适用于柴达木地区的自然条件。二者相比较,只是用Thornthwaite的方法所估算的可能蒸散(PE)要比实际中的较小一些,Holdridge的方法相对比较精细一些。

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Grazing by domestic herbivores is generally recognized as a major ecological factor and an important evolutionary force in grasslands. Grazing has both extensive and profound effects on individual plants and communities. We investigated the response patterns of Polygonum viviparum species and the species diversity of an alpine shrub meadow in response to long-term livestock grazing by a field manipulative experiment controlling livestock numbers on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China. Here, we hypothesize that within a range of grazing pressure, grazing can alter relative allocation to different plant parts without changing total biomass for some plant species if there is life history trade-offs between plant traits. The same type of communities exposed to different grazing pressures may only alter relative species' abundances or species composition and not vary species diversity because plant species differ in resistant capability to herbivory. The results show that plant height and biomass of different organs differed among grazing treatments but total biomass remained constant. Biomass allocation and absolute investments to both reproduction and growth decreased and to belowground storage increased with increased grazing pressure, indicating the increasing in storage function was attained at a cost of reducing reproduction of bulbils and represented an optimal allocation and an adaptive response of the species to long-term aboveground damage. Moreover, our results showed multiform response types for either species groups or single species along the gradient of grazing intensity. Heavy grazing caused a 13.2% increase in species richness. There was difference in species composition of about 18%-20% among grazing treatment. Shannon-Wiener (H') diversity index and species evenness (E) index did not differ among grazing treatments. These results support our hypothesis.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The Namche Barwa metamorphic rock indenter is a part of the Indian plate. The Aniqiao fault, a northeastern striking shear zone, is the eastern boundary of the Namche Barwa metamorphic rock indenter. The activities of the Aniqiao fualt reflects the history of structure deformation and uplift of the Namche Barwa metamorphic rock indenter. In this dissertation, studied the history of activities of the Aniqiao fault, I study the deformation of the Namche Barwa metamorphic rock indenter based on which, I try to discuss the history of action and deformation of the eastern Tibet. The Aniqiao fault composes of mica quartz schist. With observing in the field and by the microscope, there are at least two stages of deformation. The earlier is right lateral striking, the later is normal striking. The biotite, in the hornblende biotitic mylonite in western footwall, the muscovite and sericite, in the mica quartz schist in eastern hangingwall, show 4 plateau and isochron ages: 3.7-3.3Ma, 6.8-6.4Ma, 13.4-13.2Ma, 23.9Ma, by ~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar. Combine the characteristics of kinematics with the characteristics of isotopic ages, this dissertation figured three stages of deformation: in 23.9Ma and 13.4-13.2 Ma, the Aniqiao fault undertook twice strike-slip deformation; in 6.8Ma-6.4Ma, the Aniqiao fault occurred normal strike deformation; in 3.7-3.3Ma, there was another thermal case which maybe relating to uplift. Combine the deformation of the Aniqiao fault and the deformation of the western boundary fault of the Namche Barwa metamorphic rock indenter, this dissertation considers that the Namche Barwa metamorphic rock indenter has occurred three defomational cases during the period of Oligocene and Quaternary: in 23Ma and 13Ma, the Namche Barwa metamorphic rock indenter wedged into the Gangdisi granite zone; from 6-7Ma, the Namche Barwa metamorphic rock indenter begins to uplift. From 6-7Ma, the Namche Barwa metamorphic rock indenter must has been occurred multi-stage uplifting. The indentation of the Namche Barwa metamorphic rock indenter is correspond to the structure escape of the Chuanxi, Dianxi blocks. In the surface deformation, the movement of these blocks are very harmonious.