364 resultados para Wen, Tianxiang, 1236-1282.


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Open-tube Ga diffusion into a SiO2/Si structure was used for fabrication of the high speed thyristor. The advantages of open-tube Ga diffusion are as follows; it is easier to operate and easier to control the profile of the Ga concentration during processing, a clean surface, which is free from alloy spots can be obtained, this technique ensures to improve the on-state characteristics and dynamic characteristics.

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Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS) has been applied to investigate the electronic properties of self-organized InAs quantum dots. The energies of electronic ground states of 2.5ML and 1.7ML InAs quantum dots (QDs) with respect to the conduction band of bulk GaAs are about 0.21 eV and 0.09 eV, respectively. We have found that QDs capture electrons by lattice relaxation through a multi-phonon emission process. The samples are QDs embedded in superlattices with or without a 500 Angstrom GaAs spacing layer between every ten periods of a couple of GaAs and InAs layers. The result shows that the density of dislocations in the samples with spacer layers is much lower than in the samples without the spacer layers.

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N-shaped negative differential resistance (NDR) with a high peak-to-valley ratio (PVR) is observed in a GaAs-based modulation-doped field effect transistor (MODFET) with InAs quantum dots (QDs) in the barrier layer (QDFET) compared with a GaAs MODFET. The NDR is explained as the real-space transfer (RST) of high-mobility electrons in a channel into nearby barrier layers with low mobility, and the PVR is enhanced dramatically upon inserting the QD layer. It is also revealed that the QD layer traps holes and acts as a positively charged nano-floating gate after a brief optical illumination, while it acts as a negatively charged nano-floating gate and depletes the adjacent channel when charged by the electrons. The NDR suggests a promising application in memory or high-speed logic devices for the QDFET structure.

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制约半干旱区生态系统恢复的主要因素是什么?一直是生态学界争论的问题,水分或养分或二者的联合限制是现存的3种观点,但是利用野外实验结合生态化学计量比,分析和判断半干旱区自然生态系统生产力恢复的限制因子还未见报道。 本论文以科尔沁沙地东南缘退耕后自然恢复的沙质草地为研究对象,通过析因设计的水、氮、磷添加实验,研究与碳循环、氮循环、磷循环等有关的生态系统关键过程,及其对人为干扰(灌溉和施肥)及全球变化(气候变化和氮沉降)的响应。从2004年到2005年采用3因素2水平析因设计进行水(0, 80mm)、氮(0, 20 g N m-2 yr-1)、磷(0, 10 g P2O5 m-2 yr-1)添加实验。2005年增加了0、2.5、5、7.5、10、30、40 g N m-2 yr-1的氮梯度添加实验。通过两年的实验,得出主要结论如下: 1)该沙质草地生态系统生产力主要受氮素养分的限制,水分与磷素并不是主要限制因素。施氮量达到7.5 g N m-2 yr-1时生物量明显提高,当氮素添加量达到40 g N m-2 yr-1时,生产力最高为1607.3 g m-2,但是并未找出氮肥添加量的上限。禾本科生物量与Shannon-Wiener多样性指数间呈指数负相关,拟合方程为:y = 1318.3e-0.2421x(R2 = 0.6887)。 2)添加水增加了土壤CO2排放速率,而施氮肥的影响并不明显。在较干旱的年份(降水量低于450 mm)干旱期(4月15日-6月15日)添加磷肥明显抑制了土壤呼吸,而在较湿润的年份(降水量高于450 mm)干旱期添加磷肥则显著增加了土壤呼吸。土壤呼吸与表层0-10 cm土壤含水量存在显著的正相关关系;土壤呼吸与土壤温度之间呈显著的指数正相关(R2 = 0.6798),拟合方程为:y = 0.1832e0.1299x。 3)氮素添加对半干旱区沙质草地生态系统氮有效性具有明显的增强作用,可提高土壤氮的矿化速率。该沙质草生态系统土壤有效氮主要由NO3--N组成,并具有明显的季节变化,NH4+-N和NO3--N含量在表层0-10 cm有高于10-20 cm的趋势。植物地上部分和凋落物的C:N比极低。土壤全量的C:N比明显受添加水的影响,与氮、磷添加无关。 4)添加磷素改善了半干旱区沙质草地生态系统土壤磷的有效性,添加氮和水则没有影响。0-10 cm层土壤相对有效磷有高于10-20 cm层的趋势,这说明土壤中的有效磷淋溶作用不强或者是植物主要利用了表土层10 cm以下的土壤有效磷。第一次提出P:N比的概念,利用相对有效磷和相对矿质氮的比值作为土壤相对P:N比,相对P:N比与生物量、ANPP、非禾本科ANPP之间呈显著的线性相关关系。相对P:N比与生物量的线性负相关程度最高,拟合方程为:y = -52.333x + 1356.2(R2 = 0.7263)。 5)水、肥添加对该沙质草地土壤含水量的影响并不显著,不同处理之间以及相同处理的不同层次之间土壤含水量的差异主要源自土壤的空间异质性。根据2005年4-7月的土壤含水量的方差分析结果,可以将表层0-10 cm划分为多变层,10-30 cm划分为过渡层,30-100 cm划分为稳变层。单独添加磷肥或水磷结合可以显著降低白草的蒸腾速率,而且添加磷肥可以抵消添加氮肥所导致的蒸腾速率增加。 6)添加水提高了物种丰富度和均匀度,而施氮肥降低了物种丰富度和均匀度,施磷肥也相应地增加了物种丰富度和均匀度,但幅度不大。本项研究的结果不支持单调上升格局,多样性与生产力呈负相关关系,单调下降和单峰关系两种格局都存在。10-20 cm土层相对矿质氮与物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener指数、Shannon-Wiener均匀度指数均呈显著的负相关关系。物种丰富度与土壤相对矿质氮之间负相关关系最显著,可以用幂函数进行拟合方程:y = 348.58x-2.1236(n = 8; R2 = 0.8576)。 综合以上的研究结果,建议适量施用氮肥,加速退化沙质草地生态系统生产力的恢复;干旱年份辅以磷肥,以降低温室气体的排放速率。

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