Fluorescence Hydrogen Peroxide Probe Based on a Microstructured Polymer Optical Fiber Modified with a Titanium Dioxide Film

A highly sensitive microstructured polymer optical fiber (MPOF) probe for hydrogen peroxide was made by forming a rhodamine 6G-doped titanium dioxide film on the side walls of array holes in an MPOF. It was found that hydrogen peroxide only has a response to the MPOF probe in a certain concentration of potassium iodide in sulfuric acid solution. The calibration graph of fluorescence intensity versus hydrogen peroxide concentration is linear in the range of 1.6 x 10(-7) mol/L to 9.6 x 10(-5) mol/L. The method, with high sensitivity and a wide linear range, has been applied to the determination of trace amounts of hydrogen peroxide in a few real samples, such as rain water and contact lens disinfectant, with satisfactory results.

Utilizing a CdTe quantum dots-enzyme hybrid system for the determination of both phenolic compounds and hydrogen peroxide

In this paper, we attempt to construct a simple and sensitive detection method for both phenolic compounds and hydrogen peroxide, with the successful combination of the unique property of quantum dots and the specificity of enzymatic reactions. In the presence Of H2O2 and horseradish peroxidase, phenolic compounds can quench quantum dots' photoluminescence efficiently, and the extent of quenching is severalfold to more than 100-fold increase. Quinone intermediates produced from the enzymatic catalyzed oxidation of phenolic compounds were believed to play the main role in the photoluminescence quenching.

Esterification of acetic acid with N-butanol over the catalysts of surface hydrophobicity and lipophobicity

A series of silica-supported silicotungstic acid catalysts (H4SiW12O40, abbreviated as HSiW), modified with various loadings of Teflon (HSiW/SiO2-Teflon), were prepared by impregnation method. The surface properties of the catalysts were studied by means of XRD, BET, NH3-TPD and the Drop Shape Analyzer (DSA) measurements. Both the surface hydrophobicity and the surface lipophobicity of HSiW/SiO2-Teflon catalysts are enhanced by means of the addition of Teflon.

C-60 trianion-mediated electrocatalysis and amperometric sensing of hydrogen peroxide

Heterogeneous electrocatalytic reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by C-60 is reported for the first time. C-60 is embedded in tetra octyl ammonium bromide (TOAB) film and is characterized by scanning electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Electrocatalytic studies show that the trianion of C-60 mediates the electrocatalytic reduction of H2O2 in aqueous solution containing 0.1 M KCl. Application of such film modified electrode as an amperometric sensor for H2O2 determination is also examined.

Hydrogen peroxide biosensor based on direct electrochemistry of soybean Peroxidase immobilized on single-walled carbon nanohorn modified electrode

Single-walled carbon nanohorns (SWCNHs) were used as a novel and biocompatible matrix for fabricating biosensing devices. The direct immobilization of acid-stable and thermostable soybean peroxidase (SBP) on SWCNH modified electrode surface can realize the direct electrochemistry of enzyme. Cyclic voltammogram of the adsorbed SBP displays a pair of redox peaks with a formal potential of -0.24V in pH 5 phosphate buffer solution.

Composite film of carbon nanotubes and chitosan for preparation of amperometric hydrogen peroxide biosensor

A new amperometric biosensor for hydrogen peroxide was developed based on cross-linking horseradish peroxidase (HRP) by glutaraldehyde with multiwall carbon nanotubes/chitosan (MWNTs/chitosan) composite film coated on a glassy carbon electrode. MWNTs were firstly dissolved in a chitosan solution. Then the morphology of MWNTs/chitosan composite film was characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that MWNTs were well soluble in chitosan and robust films could be formed on the surface. HRP was cross-linked by glutaraldehyde with MWNTs/chitosan film to prepare a hydrogen peroxide biosensor. The enzyme electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity and rapid response for H2O2 in the absence of a mediator. The linear range of detection towards H2O2 (applied potential: -0.2 V) was from 1.67 x 10(-5) to 7.40 x 10(-4) M with correction coefficient of 0.998. The biosensor had good repeatability and stability for the determination of H2O2. There were no interferences from ascorbic acid, glucose, citrate acid and lactic acid.

Effects of acetic acid on product selectivity in gas phase oxidative dehydrogenation of cyclohexane

The effect of adding acetic acid on the product distribution in gas phase oxidative dehydrogenation of cyclohexane over alpha(1)-VOPO4 catalyst was investigated. The role of acetic acid in the reaction process was put forward. The proposed mechanism is that acetic acid take precedence of cyclohexane adsorbing on the active sites of alpha(1)-VOPO4 catalyst to form isolated active site. Thus, cyclohexene species can desorb quickly from the active sites, avoiding its deep oxidation dehydrogenation. Almost 100% selectivity to cyclohexene could be obtained when the molar ratio of acetic acid to cyclohexane was 12.9:1 at 450 degrees C, the conversion of cyclohexane was 6.9%.

Mass-transfer kinetics of ytterbium extraction with sec-nonylphenoxy acetic acid

The extraction kinetics of ytterbium with sec-nonylphenoxy acetic acid (CA-100) in heptane have been investigated using a constant interfacial area cell with laminar flow. The influence of stirring speed and temperature on the rate indicated that the extraction rate was controlled by the experiment conditions. The plot of interfacial area on the rate showed a linear relationship. This fact together with the low solubility in water and strong surface activity of CA-100 at heptane-water interfaces made the interface the most probable locale for the chemical reactions. The influences of extractant concentration and hydrogen ion concentration on the extraction rate were investigated, and the forward and reverse rate equations for the ytterbium extraction with CA-100 were also obtained. Based on the experimental data, the apparent forward extraction rate constant was calculated. Interfacial reaction models were proposed that agree well with the rate equations obtained from experimental data.

Sol-gel-derived amperometric biosensor for hydrogen peroxide based on methylene green incorporated in Nafion film

A hydrogen peroxide biosensor was fabricated by coating a sol-gel-peroxidase layer onto a Nafion-methylene green modified electrode. Immobilization of methylene green (MG) was attributed to the electrostatic force between MG(+) and the negatively charged sulfonic acid groups in Nafion polymer, whereas immobilization of horseradish peroxidase was attributed to the encapsulation function of the silica sol-gel network. Cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry were employed to demonstrate the feasibility of electron transfer between sol-gel-immobilized peroxidase and a glassy carbon electrode. Performance of the sensor was evaluated with respect to response time, sensitivity as well as operational stability. The enzyme electrode has a sensitivity of 13.5 mu A mM(-1) with a detection limit of 1.0 x 10(-7) M H2O2, and the sensor achieved 95% of the steady-state current within 20 s. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Amperometric biosensor for hydrogen peroxide based on sol-gel/hydrogel composite thin film

A reagentless amperometric hydrogen peroxide biosensor was developed. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was immobilized in a novel sol-gel organic-inorganic hybrid matrix that is composed of silica sol and a grafting copolymer of poly(vinyl alcohol) with 4-vinylpyridine (PVA-g-PVP). Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) was employed as a mediator and could lower the operating potential to -50 mV (versus Ag/AgCl). The sensor achieved 95% of the steady-state current in 15 s. Linear calibration for hydrogen peroxide was up to 1.3 mM with the detection limit of 2.5 x 10(-7)M. The enzyme electrode retained about 94% of its initial activity after 30 days of storage in a dry state at 4 degreesC.

Hydrogen peroxide biosensor with enzyme entrapped within electrodeposited polypyrrole based on mediated sol-gel derived composite carbon electrode

A novel amperometric biosensor for the detection of hydrogen peroxide was described. The biosensor was constructed by electrodepositing HRP/PPy membrane on the surface of ferrocenecarboxylic acid mediated sol-gel derived composite carbon electrode. The biosensor gave response to hydrogen peroxide in a few seconds with detection limit of 5.0 x 10(-5) M (based on signal:noise = 3). Linear range was upto 0.2 mM. The biosensor exhibited a good stability. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

A hydrogen peroxide biosensor combined HRP doped polypyrrole with ferrocene modified sol-gel derived composite carbon electrode

A novel amperometric biosensor for the detection of hydrogen peroxide is described. The biosensor was constructed by electrodepositing HRP/PPy membrane on the surface of ferrocenecarboxylic acid mediated sol-gel derived composite carbon electrode. The biosensor gives response to hydrogen peroxide in a few seconds with detection limit of 5x10(-7) mol (.) L-1 (based on signal : noise=3). Linear range is up to 0.2 mmol (.) L-1.

Hydrogen peroxide biosensor based on sol-gel-derived glasses doped with Eastman AQ polymer

A hydrogen peroxide biosensor based on sol-gel-derived glasses doped with poly(ester sulfonic acid) Eastman AQ 55D was constructed. Thionine (TH), as a mediator, was incorporated in this matrix by electrostatic force between TH+ and the negatively charged sulfonic acid group in Eastman AQ polymer. Performance and characteristics of the sensor were evaluated with respect to response time, sensitivity and storage stability. The enzyme electrode has a sensitivity of 11.36 muA mM(-1) with a detection limit of 5.0 x 10(-7) M H2O2, and the sensor achieved 95% of the steady state current within 20 s. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Functionalized inorganic-organic composite material derivated by sol-gel for construction of mediated amperometric hydrogen peroxide biosensor

A novel functionalized inorganic-organic hybrid material with cation exchange property was prepared by sol-gel method. The H2O2 biosensor was fabricated by simply dipping the horseradish peroxidase-containing functionalized membrane modified electrode into Meldola's blue (MDB) solution. MDB was adsorbed and firmly immobilized within the membrane. The electrochemical behavior of MDB incorporated in the membrane was more reversible compared with that of the solution species and suitable as mediator for the horseradish peroxidase. The response time was less than 25 s. Linear range is up to 0.6 mM (COH. coeff. 0.9998) with detection Limit of 9 x 10(-7) M. High sensitivity of 75 nA mu M cm(-2) was obtained due to high MDB-loading. The biosensor exhibited a good stability. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Direct electrochemical identification of an activated intermediate formed by cytochrome C with hydrogen peroxide

An activated intermediate formed from H2O2 and cytochrome C is identified by direct electrochemical measurements.