ICF中可调法布里-珀罗滤波器间距稳定度研究

在神光Ⅱ第9路ICF高功率激光装置中，采用可调法布里-珀罗（F-P）滤波器对幅度调制效应进行补偿，根据补偿装置的技术要求，提出-种应用nm量级精度的电容式位移传感器对可调F-P滤波器间距稳定度进行监控的系统，详细论述了监控系统的结构与工作原理。给出了电容式位移传感器的驱动电路及数据处理与控制软件的设计方案，并对电容式位移传感器的精度进行了标定。实验结果表明，该位移监控系统能够使可调F—P滤波器的间距稳定度保持在15nm／h以内，使幅度调制效应的调制深度优于4％。

激光稳频的共焦法布里-珀罗干涉仪

针对多普勒激光雷达激光源短期频率漂移低于1 MHz的要求,设计了一种共焦干涉仪作为频率标准进行稳频。通过对三种不同材料制成的共焦法布里-珀罗(Fabry-Perot)干涉仪中心频率随温度漂移情况进行分析对比,选用零膨胀微晶玻璃材料制作共焦法布里-珀罗干涉仪,腔镜和隔离器通过光胶的方式进行组合,并且置于温控精度优于0.01 K的双层密封温控箱中。经过实验测量,共焦法布里-珀罗干涉仪的自由光谱范围为370 MHz,透射谱半峰全宽(FWHM)为1.7 MHz,精细度为220。采用该共焦干涉仪进行稳频,理论稳频精度可达0.15 MHz,满足激光多普勒雷达单频激光源的稳频要求。

Study on eight-pass dual-frequency laser interferometer with nanometer precision

A new dual-frequency laser displacement measurement interferometer with nanometer precision has been developed. An eight-pass optical subdivision technology is proposed to improve resolution based on commercial interferometers. A static positioning error measuring method has been used to examine the precision and repeatability of the laser interferometer. An optical resolution of 1.24 nm and an accuracy of nanometer scale have been achieved.

基于高精度差动干涉仪的微伽重力仪

本文提出的微伽绝对重力仪基于高精度、高稳定的差动干涉仪。详细研究了重力仪的距离测量技术，自由落体运动的距离测量实验表明，本文提出的高精度差动干涉仪可以满足相对不确定度达6.4×10^(-9)的微伽绝对重力仪要求。而且，差动干涉仪比目前广泛应用于绝对重力仪的Mach-Zehnder干涉仪更稳定。

Modelling and simulation of the second-order Doppler error of a laser dual-frequency interferometer

Only the first- order Doppler frequency shift is considered in current laser dual- frequency interferometers; however; the second- order Doppler frequency shift should be considered when the measurement corner cube ( MCC) moves at high velocity or variable velocity because it can cause considerable error. The influence of the second- order Doppler frequency shift on interferometer error is studied in this paper, and a model of the second- order Doppler error is put forward. Moreover, the model has been simulated with both high velocity and variable velocity motion. The simulated results show that the second- order Doppler error is proportional to the velocity of the MCC when it moves with uniform motion and the measured displacement is certain. When the MCC moves with variable motion, the second- order Doppler error concerns not only velocity but also acceleration. When muzzle velocity is zero the second- order Doppler error caused by an acceleration of 0.6g can be up to 2.5 nm in 0.4 s, which is not negligible in nanometric measurement. Moreover, when the muzzle velocity is nonzero, the accelerated motion may result in a greater error and decelerated motion may result in a smaller error.

双频激光干涉仪的最大可测量速度研究

现代制造业对双频激光干涉仪的最大可测量速度提出了越来越高的要求。最大可测量速度是双频激光干涉仪的一项重要指标，它主要受双频激光光源所输出的频差、干涉仪的光学结构以及电子带宽等因素的限制。本文从理论和实验两方面对干涉仪的最大可测量速度进行了研究，搭建了基于自由落体运动的实验装置。实验结果表明，实际最大可测量速度略低于其理论值。另外，文中还分析了上述三种因素对最大可测量速度的影响。实验装置和结果可供工业应用提供参考。

A novel optical subdivision method for dual-frequency interferometer

The theory of optical subdivision techniques of dual-frequency laser interferometers is stated. And a novel optical subdivision technique is proposed originally to enhance resolution of a commercial interferometer by adding some corner-cubes. Then the performance of the interferometer is tested. The interferometer resolution of 1.24 nm and the average error of below 2 nm are achieved by using the technique. The most novel of the optical subdivision technique is without lambda/4 plates. It is less sensitive to environmental changes, it has prodigious potential to improve resolution farther and it can reduce polarization mixing error. (C) 2007 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

沉积温度对LaF3薄膜性能的影响

abstract {LaF₃ single-layer coatings were prepared by thermal boat evaporation at the deposition temperatures of 189, 255, 277 and 321°C respectively. The crystal structures of the coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). A spectrophotometer was employed to measure its transmittance. Moreover, refractive index, extinction coefficient and cut-off wavelength were obtained from the measured transmittance spectral curve. The residual stress was evaluated by the Stoney's equation and optical interferometer. Laser induce damage threshold (LIDT) was performed by a tripled Nd:YAG laser system. The results show that the crystallization status becomes better with the deposition temperature increasing. Correspondingly, the grain size also gets larger. Meanwhile, the coatings become more compact and the refractive index increases. However, the absorption of coatings seriously rises and the cut-off wavelength drifts to the long wave. In addition, the residual stress also increases and the intrinsic stress plays a determinant role in the coating. The LIDT of the coating also enhances at high temperature.}

DISCRETELY TUNABLE FIBER RING LASER USING FBG TUNABLE FILTER AND MACH-ZEHNDER INTERFEROMETER

A discretely tunable Er-doped fiber-ring laser using a fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) and a tunable fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is proposed. In this scheme, the combination of MZI and FBG acts as a discrete wavelength selector. Analysis of its transmission function shows that discrete wavelength tuning can be realized, and experiments demonstrate 64 single-mode outputs with a mode spacing of 181.7 pm, and the output power is quite stable in the whole tuning range. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51 2595-2598, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www. interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24690

Thermo-optic variable optical attenuator with low power consumption fabricated on silicon-on-insulator by anisotropic chemical etching

A thermo-optic Mach-Zehnder (MZ) variable optical attenuator based on silicon waveguides with a large cross section was designed and fabricated on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer. Multimode interferometers were used as power splitters and combiners in the MZ structure. In order to achieve a smooth interface, anisotropic chemical etching of silicon was used to fabricate the waveguides. Isolating grooves were introduced to reduce power consumption and device length. The device has a low power consumption of 210 mW and a response time of 50 mus. (C) 2004 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.

Low power 2 x 2 thermo-optic SOI waveguide switch fabricated by anisotropy chemical etching

A 2 x 2 thermo-optic (TO) Mach-Zehnder (MZ) switch based on silicon waveguides with large cross section was designed and fabricated on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer. The multi-mode interferometers (MMI) were used as power splitter and combiner in MZ structure. In order to get smooth interface, anisotropy chemical wet-etching of silicon was used to fabricate the waveguides instead of dry-etching. Additional grooves were introduced to reduce power consumption. The device has a low switching power of 235 mW and a switching speed of 60 mus. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Fabrication of a 4x4 strictly nonblocking SOI switch matrix

A 4 x 4 strictly nonblocking thermo-optical switch matrix based on Mach-Zehnder (MZ) switching unit was designed and fabricated in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer. The paired multi-mode interferometers (MMI) were used as power splitters and combiners in MZ structures. The device presents an average insertion loss of 17 dB and an average crosstalk of 16.5 dB. The power consumption needed for operation is reduced to 0.288 W by adding isolating trenches. The switching time of the device is about 15 mu s, which is much faster than that of silica-based switches. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Thermo-optical switch matrix based on silicon-on-insulator waveguides

A thermo-optical waveguide switch matrix is designed and fabricated on silicon-on-insulator wafer. Multi-mode interferometers are used as power splitters and combiners in a Mach-Zehnder structure. Inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching is used to fabricate the waveguides. The rise and fall times of the switch matrix are 13 mu s and 7 mu s, respectively. Switch cells have an average switching power consumption of 340 mW.

Millstone Hill电离层F层等效风场的气候学研究

Neutral winds and electric fields in the ionospheric F layer play important roles in the variations of the ionosphere, and also affect the thermospheric circulation via the close coupling between the ionosphere and the thermosphere. By now, the neutral winds and electric drifts are generally observed with ground-based Fabry-Perot interferometers (FPI) and incoherent scatter radars (ISR), rockets, and satellite-borne instrument. Based on the servo theory, the ionospheric equivalent winds, which include the information of both the neutral winds and electric fields, can be derived from these characteristic parameters observed by ionosondes. This indirect derivation has potential values in climatological researches and space weather forecast. With the data set of the incoherent scatter radar observations at Millstone Hill, USA, from 1976 to 2006, we statistically analyzed the climatological variations of the vertical component of the equivalent winds (VEWs) over Millstone Hill, which are derived from the ionospheric key parameters (the peak electron number density and peak height of the F2 layer, NmF2 and hmF2) on the basis of the servo theory, Liu's method, and measurements from the ion line-of-sight velocity as well. The main results of this analysis are summarized as follows: (1) The values of VEWs over Millstone Hill during nighttime are stronger than in the daytime, and the upward drift dominates most of the day. In 1993, Hagan found that the component of the neutral winds in the magnetic meridion in daytime is weaker than during nighttime under both solar maximum and minimum conditions; he also found that the equatorward winds dominate most of the day. Both results suggest that the thermosphere in Millstone Hill is modulated by the aurorally driven high-latitude circulation cell; that is, during geomagnetic quiet periods, the average auroral activity is strong enough to drive thermospheric circulation equatorward for most of the day at Millstone Hill. Moreover, since ion drag is the strongest during daytime when F region densities are enhanced by photoionization, the wind speeds are smaller during the daytime than in the nighttime. (2) There is equinoctial symmetry in VEWs at Millstone Hill. The amplitudes and phases of VEWs in spring are quite similar to those in autumn. In contrast, the nighttime upward drift in winter is weaker than in summer and the difference becomes more significant with increasing solar activity. This solstice asymmetry indicates that, the aurorally driven circulation in the northern hemisphere at Millstone Hill latitude is weaker in winter due to arctic darkness, because the subsolar point is in the southern hemisphere. (3) The comparison of the VEWs derived from three methods, i.e., the servo theory, Liu's method, and the ISR ion line-of-sight velocity measurements, indicates that the amplitudes and main phase tendencies of these VEWs accord well with each other during nighttime hours. However, the case in the daytime is relatively worse. This daytime discrepancy can be explained in terms of the effects of photochemical processes and the choices of the servo constants. A larger servo constant gives a stronger plasma drift in daytime. Therefore, this study tells how important to choose a suitable constant for deriving VEWs at Millstone Hill.