430 resultados para Chang
Resumo:
By employing a simple model of describing three-level lasers, we have theoretically investigated the effect of photon lifetime on the output dynamics of Er-doped distributed feedback fibre lasers. And based on the theoretical analysis we have proposed a promising method to suppress self-pulsing behaviour in the fibre lasers.
Resumo:
Incorporating the shielded method and post-processing method, a 75 mW single frequency Yb-doped DFB fiber laser was obtained with a 250 mW laser diode pump source at 978 nm. The threshold of the laser is 2 mW. The laser is single-polarization operation and the output power fluctuation is less than 0.2 mW in one hour when the pump power is 250 mW.
Resumo:
回顾了空间固体激光应用系统的发展,以激光雷达和激光测高仪为主.介绍了国外几种典型应用系统的性能、指标及其全固态激光发射器的关键技术。最后介绍了我国探月工程中激光测高仪的研制情况。
Resumo:
Near-infrared luminescence is observed from bismuth-doped GeS2-Ga2S3 chalcogenide glasses excited by an 808 nm laser diode. The emission peak with a maximum at about 1260 nm is observed in 80GeS(2)-20Ga(2)S(3):0.5Bi glass and it shifts toward the long wavelength with the addition of Bi gradually. The full width of half maximum (FWHM) is about 200 nm. The broadband infrared luminescence of Bi-doped GeS2-Ga2S3 chalcogenide glasses may be predominantly originated from the low valence state of Bi, such as Bi+. Raman scattering is also conducted to clarify the structure of glasses. These Bi-doped GeS2-Ga2S3 chalcogenide glasses can be applied potentially in novel broadband optical fibre amplifiers and broadly tunable laser in optical communication system.
Resumo:
ZnO crystals with dimensions of 30 x 38 x 8 turn 3 have been grown by the hydrothermal method using a mixed solution of KOH, LiOH and H2O2. The growing rates for +c(0001) and -c(000 (1) over bar) were 0.17 and 0.09 mm/day, respectively. The crystal color was very light green for +c sector and dark brown for -c sector. For the +c sector, the resistivity at room temperature was 80 0 cm, the carrier concentration was about 10(4)/cm(3), and the mobility was about 100 cm(2)/Vs. The full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of double axis X-ray rocking curve for the polished Zn face cut from +c sector was 45 arcsec. The photoluminescence (PL) spectrum and the absorption spectrum of +c part of the crystals at room temperature were also reported and discussed in this paper. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Resumo:
The growth and fabrication of GaN/InGaN multiple quantum well (MQW) light emitting diodes ( LEDs) on ( 100) beta-Ga2O3 single crystal substrates by metal-organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) technique are reported. x-ray diffraction (XRD) theta-2 theta. scan spectroscopy is carried out on the GaN buffer layer grown on a ( 100) beta-Ga2O3 substrate. The spectrum presents several sharp peaks corresponding to the ( 100) beta-Ga2O3 and ( 004) GaN. High-quality ( 0002) GaN material is obtained. The emission characteristics of the GaN/InGaN MQW LED are measurement. The first green LED on beta-Ga2O3 with vertical current injection is demonstrated.
Resumo:
High optical quality Lu2SiO5 (LSO) and (Lu0.5Gd0.5)(2)SiO5 (LGSO) laser crystals codoped with Er3+ and Yb3+ have been fabricated by the Czochralski method. Intense upconversion (UC) and infrared emission (1543 nm) are observed under excitation of 975 nm. The luminescence processes are explained and the emission efficiencies are quantitatively obtained by measuring the UC efficiency and calculating the emission cross section. The temperature-dependent optical properties of the crystals are also investigated. Our study indicates that Er3+-Yb3+ : LSO and Er3+-Yb3+: LGSO crystals are promising gain media for developing the solid-state 1.5 mu m optical amplifiers and tunable UC lasers. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics.
Resumo:
丁香属Syringa是木樨科Oleaceae中一个中等大小的属,大多数种类花形美丽,具有很高的园林观赏价值。本文以标本检查为主,结合形态学、孢粉学、细胞学和植物地理学几个方面对丁香属进行了分类研究。 一.形态学:丁香属分类的主要性状为:单叶或复叶、圆锥花序的着生位置、花冠管的长短。这些性状的演化趋势为:单叶--羽状深裂--羽状复叶,圆锥花序由顶芽抽生--圆锥花序由侧芽抽生,长花冠管,雄蕊不伸出花冠管--短花冠管,雄蕊伸出花冠管。 二.孢粉学:本文首次对丁香属的花粉形态作了较为全面而系统的研究。所取材料为各组、系、亚系的代表种。孢粉学的研究表明,本属花粉形态一致。均为近球形,极面观3裂圆形,三(拟)孔沟,沟边缘不加厚,外壁分层明显,外层厚于内层,半覆盖层,粗网状纹饰。扫描电镜观察结果表明,本属花粉的表面纹饰可区分为6种类型:1).网眼小,网脊细、较直而使网眼呈多边形,网脊下小柱不明显,2).网眼稍大,网脊细、直,网脊下小柱不明显,3),网眼较大,网脊细、稍弯曲,网脊下小柱可见,4).网眼大,网脊细而弯曲, 网脊下小明显,5).网眼小,网脊细、弯曲而使网眼呈不规则扁长形,6).网眼较大,网脊粗、直,网脊下小柱不明显。顶生花序系Ser. Villosae (Schneid.) Rehd. 以1型为主,侧生花序系Ser. Syringa从2-4型,羽叶丁香系Ser, Pinnatifolia Rehd,为5型,短花冠管组Sect.Ligustrina Rupr.为6型。其变化规律与形态学上的系统演化关系相—致。 三,细胞学:本文对丁香属部分种进行了染色体数目的观察,初步的结果显示,本属的染色体基数为n=23或24,这两种情况在不同的组、系都存在。本属为异源多倍体起源,由陵花目中染色体基数为n=ll和n=12的祖先类群通过杂交形成,并由于染色体组在减数分裂过程中非整倍性变异,而产生n 2或n=24的变化。 四,分类修订及系统位置和演化趋势: 本文在查看了本所标本馆全部丁香属的标本、考证了约22个种的原始描述以及部分模式标本和模式照片的基础上,对该属分类作下列修订:1.将华丁香Syringa protolaciniata、花叶丁香S.x persica、 裂叶丁香S.x laciniata、阿富汗丁香S.afghanica 四个种从欧丁香亚系中移出,置于羽叶丁香系Ser. Pinnatifolia,2.改欧丁香系Set. Vulgares和巧铃花系Ser. Pubescentes为亚系等级,均置于侧生花序系Ser. Syringa中,3.恢复山丁香Syringa potaninii Schneid.、小叶丁香S.micropylla Diels、关东丁香s.patula (Palibin) Nakai、光萼丁香S.juliana Schneid.、朝鲜丁香S.dilatata Nakai,并作为种的等级,毛萼云南丁香S.yunanensis Franch.f.pubicalyx (Jien ex P.Y. Bai) M.C. Chang仍作变种处理。在此基础上,本文将丁香属分为2组3系2亚系: 组1.长花冠管组Sect.l. Syringa:系1.顶生花序系Ser.1.Villosae(Sch- neid.)Rehd.;系2.侧生花序系Ser.2. Syringa,亚系1.欧丁香亚系Subser.1.Syring,亚系2.巧铃花亚系Pubescentes(Schneid.)Rehd.;系3.羽叶丁香系Ser.3. Pinnatifoliae Rehd. 组2.短花冠管组Sect.2. Ligustrina Rupr. 各分类单元的命名,仍沿用已有的名称。 结合各方面的研究成果,表明丁香属是一个十分自然的类群。在木樨科中,本属与女贞属的关系密切,由女贞属裂果女贞组Sect. Sarcocarpion (Franch.)Mansf.衍生而来。属内演化趋势始为长花冠管组的顶生花序系,而后是侧生花序系、羽叶丁香系,短花冠管组为本属中进化程度较高的类群。 五.植物地理学:丁香属为旧世界温带分布型属,分布区连续。约28种5变种9变型。除2种产于欧洲,1种产于阿富汗、巴基斯坦,1种产于朝鲜,1种产于日本外,其余种类均分布于中国。其中,中国西南地区丁香属的种类、原始类型及其在该地区所占比例均显示是丁香属现代分布中心和起源演化中心,并由此沿三条主线向周围扩散。
Resumo:
丁香属隶属于木犀科,分布于东南欧和东亚至喜马拉雅地区,我国是丁香属的现代分布中心。《中国植物志》(61卷,1992)记录了我国野生丁香种类16种;《Flora of China》(15卷,1996)记录了中国原产丁香种类16种,并认为全世界大约有20种。丁香属属下分类等级划分分歧较大,很多种的划分也存在争议。花叶丁香、四川丁香等种类是根据栽培植物描述的,没有指定模式标本,给分类处理带来了一定困难。另外,丁香属很多分类群的性状变异非常复杂,仅根据有限的标本很难做出合理的分类处理。本研究通过广泛查阅文献和标本,同时进行野外居群取样和性状观察,对各类群的性状在居群内和居群间的变异进行统计学分析,判断其分类价值,并运用多变量分析的方法,为各类群的合理划分提供依据。结合性状分析和地理分布等证据,做出分类处理。 作者查阅了国内外16个标本馆的近2000份标本,其中模式标本约70份。对我国12个省市的40余个居群进行了取样和观察,采集标本500余份,涉及了《中国植物志》61卷收录的除了藏南丁香以外的所有类群。通过对9个复合体的40余个性状在居群内和居群间的变异进行统计分析,发现叶片类型、叶柄长度、花序着生类型、花冠大小、花丝长度、花药颜色在不同类群间差异明显,可以用作划分种的依据;叶片形状、叶片毛被、花序轴毛被、花冠管形状等性状在有些复合体内的居群间呈现连续的变异,只能用作种下等级(亚种)的划分;叶片大小、花序轴形状、花药着生在花冠的位置、蒴果是否被皮孔等性状在不同复合体的居群间呈现间断或连续的变异,视不同情况可以用作种间或种下等级的划分依据,或作种内变异处理;而叶脉、花色、花萼齿裂、花冠裂片形状等性状在居群间差异不大,不适合用作分类依据。 在性状分析和多变量分析的基础上,本文将丁香属划分为2组2系12种13亚种,其中短花冠管组有1种3亚种;长花冠管组的顶生花序系有5种5亚种,侧生花序系有6种5亚种,并指定了各组和系的模式种;编制了属下各组、系、种和亚种划分的检索表,对12种13亚种进行了形态描述、标本引证,给出了地理分布图和生境,并提出了分类处理依据。文中对巧玲花、皱叶丁香、红丁香和云南丁香等复合体内的一些分类群进行了归并,做出4个新组合:S. pubescens ‘Meyer’、S. villosa subsp. wolfii、S. yunnanensis subsp. sweginzowii和S. yunnanensis subsp. tomentella,处理了11个新异名(S. fauriei H. Lév.、S. julianae C. K. Schneid.、S. meyeri var. spontanea M. C. Chang、S. pinetorum W. W. Sm.、S. wardii W. W. Sm.、S. oblata var. donaldii R. B. Clark et J. L. Fiala、S. afghanica C. K. Schneid.、S. protolaciniata P. S. Green et M. C. Chang、S. tibetica P. Y. Bai、S. reflexa C. K. Schneid. 、S. wilsonii C. K. Schneid.)。作者指定了3种4亚种(S. reticulata subsp. reticulata、 S. reticulata subsp. amurensis、S. pubescens subsp. microphylla、S. oblata subsp. dilatata的后选模式,并对其它10个名称指定了后选模式。文中还提出了分类处理原则,对我国丁 香属的分布及各地方植物志的记载进行了评述,并对丁香属的分布格局提出了作者的看法。 作者还对13个分类群的16号材料进行了染色体观察,发现除了毛丁香有染色体2n=48外,其它均为2n=46,其中朝阳丁香的染色体数目为首次报道。对小叶巧玲花不同异名(包括小叶蓝丁香、小叶巧玲花与小叶蓝丁香的杂交种)的材料进行染色体观察时,发现它们之间差异很小,进一步佐证了作者将其合并的合理性。另外野生的花叶丁香(华丁香)与栽培的花叶丁香在染色体数目上也无差异,支持了作者认为二者为同物异名的观点。