100 resultados para AK3-140


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对用等离子喷涂工艺制取的积分球涂层进行了研究。应用-100+140目铝粉在铝基片上喷涂的涂层对10.6微米的红外光有较理想的漫反射性能。试验结果表明,与烧结法制取的漫反射涂层比较,其性能相同,而工艺简单。

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<正> 在这篇文章里,我们结合断裂问题回顾连续介质办学的发展,并指出,为了更深地理解和描述断裂现象,还需要进一步完善连续介质力学。 一、经典弹塑性理论应用于断裂时的局限性和Grifith的理论 现讨论一维应变条件下裂纹的扩展问题。我们假设 1.材料是均匀的,就是说,所讨论的材料是没有内部结构的; 2.材料是弹性的,但允许有非线性和大变形所导致的几何非线性;

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<正>CO_2激光器连续输出功率可达数万瓦以上,运转时间短的仅几秒,一般的功率计很难兼顾承受高功率密度和响应时间快这两个要求.因此我们采用配有旋转盘衰减器的鼠笼式能量计进行测量.Baker给出,鼠笼能量计在不小于毫秒时间里最大可接收的能量密度为10焦耳/厘米~2.我们制作的74-6~#鼠笼能量计的实验表明,只要通过旋转盘衰减器的每个光脉冲满足上述要求,在重复频率为数十次/秒的连续光脉冲照射下,仍可实现测量.74-6~#已实测了3×10~4瓦CO_2激光器连续输出功率,它的最大功率密度已超过6×10~3

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During its 1990 operation, 2 large RF systems were available on JET. The Ion Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ICRH) system was equipped with new beryllium screens and with feedback matching systems. Specific impurities generated by ICRH were reduced to negligible levels even in the most stringent H-mode conditions. A maximum power of 22 MW was coupled to L-mode plasmas. High quality H-modes (tau-E greater-than-or-equal-to 2.5 tau-EG) were achieved using dipole phasing. A new high confinement mode was discovered. It combines the properties of the H-mode regime to the low central diffusivities obtained by pellet injection. A value of n(d) tau-E T(i) = 7.8 x 10(20) m-3 s keV was obtained in this mode with T(e) approximately T(i) approximately 11 keV. In the L-mode regime, a regime, a record (140 kW) D-He-3 fusion power was generated with 10 - 14 MW of ICRH at the He-3 cyclotron frequency. Experiments were performed with the prototype launcher of the Lower Hybrid Current Drive (LHCD) systems with coupled power up to 1.6 MW with current drive efficiencies up to < n(e) > R I(CD)/P = 0.4 x 10(20) m-2 A/W. Fast electrons are driven by LHCD to tail temperatures of 100 keV with a hollow radial profile. Paradoxically, LHCD induces central heating particularly in combination with ICRH. Finally we present the first observations of the synergistic acceleration of fast electrons by Transit Time Magnetic Pumping (TTMP) (from ICRH) and Electron Landau Damping (ELD) (from LHCD). The synergism generates TTMP current drive even without phasing the ICRH antennae.

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为分析凹腔火焰稳定器在超声速燃烧室中的流动特性,运用数值模拟方法研究了凹腔对H2超声速燃烧的作用规律。通过对比分析不同凹腔长深比L/Du,后缘倾角θ,后缘深度D_d和H_2喷射位置Ljet对燃烧室性能的影响,发现凹腔的火焰稳定机制主要在于富含自由基的高温回流区;L/D_u=7-9,θ=30°,D_u/D_d=1.0和L_(jet)=24mm的燃烧室强化混合燃烧的性能较好,可以获得较高的燃烧效率和总压恢复。

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本文发展一种新的分析涂层结构(平板、梁)热残余应力的模型,可以研究骤冷过程(Quenching)和冷却过程(Cooling)在涂层结构内引发的残余应力分布。与以往模型相比,其优势在于:它可以考虑源于喷涂过程的涂层孔隙率、温度梯度等因素对于涂层和基底内残余应力的影响。其中孔隙率和温度分布由计算机模拟涂层沉积过程得到。另外,当基底的材料和几何参数被固定时,我们分析了诸如涂层的理想模量、厚度、热膨胀系数等参数,对于涂层结构中最终残余应力分布的改变机理。

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<正> 与其它许多流体力学的学术刊物覆盖了范围宽广各类问题的作法不同,新出版的刊物《气动力学和气体动力学》集中发表有关超声速和高超声速等高速气流问题的科学论文.由于此类问题必须运用高效计算方法,该刊发表研究复杂流动以及伴随的高温物理化学过程(例如化学反应,分子内态自由度激波,电离,辐射等等)所发展的各种先进数值模拟方

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<正> 从2002年开始,莫斯科大学的力学研究所与力学数学系以及俄罗斯科学院理论和应用力学学会(NCTAM)赞助的力学编辑中心共同主办出版了一个新的俄文学术季刊《力学进展》.该刊论文包括邀请和投稿两类,内容将覆盖力学学科的所有分支,主要是评述力学领域研究进展和重要成果,涉及到系统论,流体力学,固体力学以及力学在工程技术与自然科学中的应用等等.该刊计划发表一系列重要的档案文献,以期反映力学发展史的关键事件,介绍创建和推动力学不同分支发展的重要学者和研究群体,关注力学界杰出人物生涯的闪光点.该刊还将提供由IUTAM,Earomech,CISM俄罗斯NCTAM等机构组织的重要活动和重新组合情况,以

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<正> 热对流现代问题国际会议于2003年11月24~27日在俄罗斯别尔姆州立大学召开,会议由俄罗斯理论和应用力学国家委员会,俄罗斯科学院国家传热/传质委员会,别尔姆州立大学,俄罗斯科学院乌拉尔分院连续介质力学所,俄罗斯力学问题研究所等单位共同举办.中国、德国、意大利、法国、澳大利亚等国派代表参加了会议,俄罗斯代表约有百人,包括一批大学教授.

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燃烧气脉冲发生器用于电厂锅炉除灰,其工作原理是预混可燃气体在右端部分开口在内部有障碍物的容器中快速燃烧,以形成一定的压力脉冲,并产生作用于积灰表面的射流和冲击波,火焰在端流扰动装置的作用下不断加速,容器中的压力不断上升,火焰传播愈快,压力波形愈陡,压力锋值愈高,针对这些现象,该文进行了实验和理论研究。主要研究了乙炔,水煤气,液化石油气和甲烷4种燃料,在不同燃料浓度,不同阻塞比时对火焰传播和压力上升的影响,计算和实验结果对实验应用有指导作用。

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在化学反应流的概率密度函数(PDF)方法中,对流项和化学反应项都是封闭的,但分子扩散项必须模拟.现有的分子扩散模型都是唯象的,需要引入外加参数,并难以通过一些基本物理过程的检验.本文发展了随机映射逼近(mapping closure approximation,MCA)方法,解析地从控制方程导出一个封闭的分子扩散模型.该方法考虑两点联合概率密度函数方程,引入空间特征尺度,因此解决了以往映射封闭方法中分子扩散速率无法确定的问题.数值模拟表明该方法能用于预测标量扩散的速度,以及概率密度函数和条件平均扩散等统计量.

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Metal-alumina joints have found various practical applications in electronic devices and high technology industry. However, making of sound metal ceramic brazed couple is still a challenge in terms of its direct application in the industry. In this work we successfully braze copper with Al2O3 ceramic using Zr52.5Cu17.9Ni14.6Al10Ti5 bulk metallic glass forming alloy as filler alloy. The shear strength of the joints can reach 140 MPa, and the microstructrural analysis confirms a reliable chemical boning of the interface. The results show that the bulk metallic glass forming alloys with high concentration of active elements are prospective for using as filler alloy in metal-ceramic bonding.

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本书阐明了板壳断裂理论的基础。论证了Reissner型板壳断裂理论的科学性、经典板壳断裂理论的缺陷及在一定范围内仍具有的实用价值;介绍了作者所创意的研究Reissner型板壳断裂纹尖端场的方法等。

目录

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Adiabatic shear localization is a mode of failure that occurs in dynamic loading. It is characterized by thermal softening occurring over a very narrow region of a material and is usually a precursor to ductile fracture and catastrophic failure. This reference source is the first detailed study of the mechanics and modes of adiabatic shear localization in solids, and provides a systematic description of a number of aspects of adiabatic shear banding. The inclusion of the appendices which provide a quick reference section and a comprehensive collection of thermomechanical data allows rapid access and understanding of the subject and its phenomena. The concepts and techniques described in this work can usefully be applied to solve a multitude of problems encountered by those investigating fracture and damage in materials, impact dynamics, metal working and other areas. This reference book has come about in response to the pressing demand of mechanical and metallurgical engineers for a high quality summary of the knowledge gained over the last twenty years. While fulfilling this requirement, the book is also of great interest to academics and researchers into materials performance.

Table of Contents

1Introduction1
1.1What is an Adiabatic Shear Band?1
1.2The Importance of Adiabatic Shear Bands6
1.3Where Adiabatic Shear Bands Occur10
1.4Historical Aspects of Shear Bands11
1.5Adiabatic Shear Bands and Fracture Maps14
1.6Scope of the Book20
2Characteristic Aspects of Adiabatic Shear Bands24
2.1General Features24
2.2Deformed Bands27
2.3Transformed Bands28
2.4Variables Relevant to Adiabatic Shear Banding35
2.5Adiabatic Shear Bands in Non-Metals44
3Fracture and Damage Related to Adiabatic Shear Bands54
3.1Adiabatic Shear Band Induced Fracture54
3.2Microscopic Damage in Adiabatic Shear Bands57
3.3Metallurgical Implications69
3.4Effects of Stress State73
4Testing Methods76
4.1General Requirements and Remarks76
4.2Dynamic Torsion Tests80
4.3Dynamic Compression Tests91
4.4Contained Cylinder Tests95
4.5Transient Measurements98
5Constitutive Equations104
5.1Effect of Strain Rate on Stress-Strain Behaviour104
5.2Strain-Rate History Effects110
5.3Effect of Temperature on Stress-Strain Behaviour114
5.4Constitutive Equations for Non-Metals124
6Occurrence of Adiabatic Shear Bands125
6.1Empirical Criteria125
6.2One-Dimensional Equations and Linear Instability Analysis134
6.3Localization Analysis140
6.4Experimental Verification146
7Formation and Evolution of Shear Bands155
7.1Post-Instability Phenomena156
7.2Scaling and Approximations162
7.3Wave Trapping and Viscous Dissipation167
7.4The Intermediate Stage and the Formation of Adiabatic Shear Bands171
7.5Late Stage Behaviour and Post-Mortem Morphology179
7.6Adiabatic Shear Bands in Multi-Dimensional Stress States187
8Numerical Studies of Adiabatic Shear Bands194
8.1Objects, Problems and Techniques Involved in Numerical Simulations194
8.2One-Dimensional Simulation of Adiabatic Shear Banding199
8.3Simulation with Adaptive Finite Element Methods213
8.4Adiabatic Shear Bands in the Plane Strain Stress State218
9Selected Topics in Impact Dynamics229
9.1Planar Impact230
9.2Fragmentation237
9.3Penetration244
9.4Erosion255
9.5Ignition of Explosives261
9.6Explosive Welding268
10Selected Topics in Metalworking273
10.1Classification of Processes273
10.2Upsetting276
10.3Metalcutting286
10.4Blanking293
 Appendices297
AQuick Reference298
BSpecific Heat and Thermal Conductivity301
CThermal Softening and Related Temperature Dependence312
DMaterials Showing Adiabatic Shear Bands335
ESpecification of Selected Materials Showing Adiabatic Shear Bands341
FConversion Factors357
 References358
 Author Index369
 Subject Index375

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Metal-alumina joints have found various practical applications in electronic devices and high technology industry. However, making of sound metal ceramic brazed couple is still a challenge in terms of its direct application in the industry. In this work we successfully braze copper with Al2O3 ceramic using Zr52.5Cu17.9Ni14.6Al10Ti5 bulk metallic glass forming alloy as filler alloy. The shear strength of the joints can reach 140 MPa, and the microstructrural analysis confirms a reliable chemical boning of the interface. The results show that the bulk metallic glass forming alloys with high concentration of active elements are prospective for using as filler alloy in metal-ceramic bonding.