Long-term exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields impairs spatial recognition memory in mice

1. In the present study, we investigated the short- and long-term effects of extremely low-frequency (ELF) magnetic fields on spatial recognition memory in mice by using a two-trial recognition Y-maze that is based on the innate tendency of rodents to exp

亚东鲑的年龄与生长的研究

首次报道了亚东鲑在青藏高原河流中的生长特点。对1999—2002年间在亚东河共采集的462尾亚东鲑(体长范围为93—364mm)进行了年龄与生长的研究。通过鳞片对其中302尾进行年龄鉴定并建立Von Bertalanffy生长方程:雌性(♀)Lt=709.44[1-e-0.1656(t-0.0845)](R2=0.9993,n=132)和Wt=6017.46[1-e-0.1656(t-0.0845)]2.9724(R2=0.9845,n=132);雄性(♂)Lt=797.82[1-e-0.1428(t-0

Biosonar behaviour of free-ranging porpoises

Detecting objects in their paths is a fundamental perceptional function of moving organisms. Potential risks and rewards, such as prey, predators, conspecifics or non-biological obstacles, must be detected so that an animal can modify its behaviour accordingly. However, to date few studies have considered how animals in the wild focus their attention. Dolphins and porpoises are known to actively use sonar or echolocation. A newly developed miniature data logger attached to a porpoise allows for individual recording of acoustical search efforts and inspection distance based on echolocation. In this study, we analysed the biosonar behaviour of eight free-ranging finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides) and demonstrated that these animals inspect the area ahead of them before swimming silently into it. The porpoises inspected distances up to 77 in, whereas their swimming distance without using sonar was less than 20 in. The inspection distance was long enough to ensure a wide safety margin before facing real risks or rewards. Once a potential prey item was detected, porpoises adjusted their inspection distance from the remote target throughout their approach.

Gallium vacancy and the residual acceptor in undoped GaSb studied by positron lifetime spectroscopy and photoluminescence

Positron lifetime, photoluminescence (PL), and Hall measurements were performed to study undoped p-type gallium antimonide materials. A 314 ps positron lifetime component was attributed to Ga vacancy (V-Ga) related defect. Isochronal annealing studies showed at 300 degreesC annealing, the 314 ps positron lifetime component and the two observed PL signals (777 and 797 meV) disappeared, which gave clear and strong evidence for their correlation. However, the hole concentration (similar to2x10(17) cm(-3)) was observed to be independent of the annealing temperature. Although the residual acceptor is generally related to the V-Ga defect, at least for cases with annealing temperatures above 300 degreesC, V-Ga is not the acceptor responsible for the p-type conduction. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics.

Temperature quenching mechanisms for photoluminescence of MBE-grown chlorine-doped ZnSe epilayers

We report on a detailed investigation on the temperature-dependent behavior of photoluminescence from molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)-grown chlorine-doped ZnSe epilayers. The overwhelming neutral donor bound exciton ((ClX)-X-0) emission at 2.797 eV near the band edge with a full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of similar to 13 meV reveals the high crystalline quality of the samples used. In our experiments, the quick quenching of the (ClX)-X-0 line above 200 K is mainly due to the presence of a nonradiative center with a thermal activation energy of similar to 90 meV, The same activation energy and similar quenching tendency of the (ClX)-X-0 line and the I-3 line at 2.713 eV indicate that they originate from the same physical mechanism. We demonstrate for the first time that the dominant decrease of the integrated intensity of the I, line is due to the thermal excitation of the "I-3 center"-bound excitons to its free exciton states, leaving the "I-3 centers" as efficient nonradiative centers. The optical performance of ZnSe materials is expected to be greatly improved if the density of the "I-3 center" can be controlled. The decrease in the luminescence intensity at moderately low temperature (30-200 K) of the (ClX)-X-0 line is due to the thermal activation of neutral-donor-bound excitons ((ClX)-X-0) to free excitons. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.

知识库更新的一种可编程实现的方法

讨论了知识库是有限子句集时的更新过程,给出了这种情况下知识库更新的一种可编程实现的方法.首先讨论了求极大协调子集的基本思想和方法,然后给出了求极大协调子集的完全过程和非完全过程,证明了它们的正确性;讨论了知识库更新的实现方法;最后和相关工作进行了比较.

正交晶系结构相角二价表达式的代数推导及其在晶体结构测定中的应用

本文用代数方法推导了正交晶系五十九个空间群的结构半不变量相同的二价表达式。就每一个空间群都得出了一系列公式。在222点群中的空间群都有形如以下三式的公式：E_(2h+2h';2k+2k'.0) = (N~(3/2)/g1)<(-1)~(α1)UE_(hkg))~2-1)UE_(h'k'α')|~2-1) >_(hkp;h'k'α') (0.1) E_(2h+2h'0.2α+α) = (N~(3/2)/g2)<(-1)~(α2)UE_(hkg))~2-1)UE_(h'k'α')|~2-1) >_(hkp;h'k'α') (0.2) E_(0.2h+2h'2α+2α) = (N~(3/2)/g3)<(-1)~(α3)UE_(hkg))~2-1)UE_(h'k'α')|~2-1) >_(hkp;h'k'α') (0.3) 其中g_i, α_i (i = 1, 2, 3) 与具体空间群有关。在mm2点群中的空间群都可得出六个公式，在mmm点群中的空间群都可得出二十八个公式。首先按照从低级到高级的顺序，将PT，P_(21)，P(2/N),C_(2/c)空间群的二价代数表达式进行了应用，然后将P_(2,2,2),P(na21)空间群的二价代数表达式进行了应用。由于未找到mmm点群空间群的结构实例，故为mmm点群空间群的公式未予应用附加地，推导了四方晶系I_(42a),I_(41/a)两空间群的公式，对I_(42a)的公式也进行了应用，由应用结果可得出：（一）代数方法推导的思路和数学方法是验证正确的，在含有主原子的结构中，由强度量算法的二十至三十个相角基本与正确值吻合（一般只有一、二个不等）。（二）在代数方法计算的同时，也进行了概率Σ_4元素的计算，可以得出，代数方法速度要快得多，特别是正交晶系中，时间上的优势更突出，数据剔除的依据也更比概率Σ_4关系明显。（三）代数方法在含有重原子的结构中比只含轻原子的结构中好用。这种特点和概率Σ_4关系一样。另外，和论文题目独立地，在低温条件下作者测定了杂多酸K_(11)[DY(SiMo_(11)O_(39))_2],28H_2O的晶体结构，晶体属单斜晶系的P_(21/n)空间群，Z = 4， 晶格参数为：a = 17.256(3), b = 26.817(4), C = 21.797(4)A, β = 104.39(1)°，最后的R = 0.0637。

WELL WIDTH DEPENDENCE OF THE EXCITON LIFETIME IN NARROW GAAS/GAALAS QUANTUM-WELLS

We have studied the radiative excitonic lifetime as a function of the well width in GaAs/GaAlAs quantum wells. An increasing lifetime with decreasing well width has been observed in very narrow and high quality GaAs/GaAlAs quantum wells, and attributed to the reduced overlap of the electron and hole wave functions and the increase of the exciton effective volume. This is the first observation of its kind in the conventional GaAs/GaAlAs quantum wells.

Measurement of 3db Bandwidth of Laser Diode Chips

An accurate technique for measuring the frequency response of semiconductor laser diode chips is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The effects of test jig parasites can be completely removed in the measurement by a new calibration method. In theory, the measuring range of the measurement system is only determined by the measuring range of the instruments network analyzer and photo detector. Diodes' bandwidth of 7.5GHz and 10GHz is measured. The results reveal that the method is feasible and comparing with other method, it is more precise andeasier to use.