Coalition and distribution in fuzzy dynamic supply chain systems

In this paper, two models of coalition and income's distribution in FSCS (fuzzy supply chain systems) are proposed based on the fuzzy set theory and fuzzy cooperative game theory. The fuzzy dynamic coalition choice's recursive equations are constructed in terms of sup-t composition of fuzzy relations, where t is a triangular norm. The existence of the fuzzy relations in FSCS is also proved. On the other hand, the approaches to ascertain the fuzzy coalition through the choice's recursive equations and distribute the fuzzy income in FSCS by the fuzzy Shapley values are also given. These models are discussed in two parts: the fuzzy dynamic coalition choice of different units in FSCS; the fuzzy income's distribution model among different participators in the same coalition. Furthermore, numerical examples are given aiming at illustrating these models., and the results show that these models are feasible and validity in FSCS.

Performing Fast Addition and Multiplication by Transferring Single Electrons

This paper proposes novel fast addition and multiplication circuits that are based on non-binary redundant number systems and single electron (SE) devices. The circuits consist of MOSFET-based single-electron (SE) turnstiles. We use the number of electrons to represent discrete multiple-valued logic states and we finish arithmetic operations by controlling the number of electrons transferred. We construct a compact PD2,3 adder and a 12x12bit multiplier using the PD2,3 adder. The speed of the adder can be as high as 600MHz with 400nW power dissipation. The speed of the adder is regardless of its operand length. The proposed circuits have much smaller transistors than conventional circuits.

Research on color matching of LED backlight for large-color-gamut LCD application - art. no. 68410Y

Comparing with the conventional CCFL (Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp) backlight, three-basic-color LEDs backlight has some advantages such as good color reproduction, long life and lead free etc. Theoretically, the color gamut is determined by x, y coordinates of the three basic colors in CIE chromaticity diagram, and the x, y coordinates of each basic color can derived from the relative spectrum distribution (RSD) of the LED. In this paper, the red, green and blue LEDs' RSD models are established to calculate and analyze the color gamut of a backlight. By simulating those models, the relationships that the color gamut of a LED backlight varies with each color are analyzed, and the optimum combination of three colors is obtained within the given wavelengths ranges. Moreover, the combinations of three colors for the gamut of 115% NTSC and 110% NTSC are plotted in pictures, respectively.

High epitaxial growth rate of 4H-SiC using TCS as silicon precursor

High homoepitaxial growth of 4H-SiC has been performed in a home-made horizontal hot wall CVD reactor on n-type 4H-SiC 8 degrees off-oriented substrates in the size of 10 mm x 10 mm, using trichlorosilane (TCS) as silicon precursor source together with ethylene as carbon precursor source. Cross-section Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Raman scattering spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) were used to determine the growth rate, structural property and surface morphology, respectively. The growth rate reached to 23 mu m/h and the optimal epilayer was obtained at 1600 degrees C with TCS flow rate of 12 seem in C/Si of 0.42, which has a good surface morphology with a low Rms of 0.64 nm in 10 mu mx10 mu m area.

水文条件对紫色土坡面土壤侵蚀及养分流失的影响

采用人工模拟降雨试验,研究水文条件对紫色土坡面土壤侵蚀及氮和磷养分流失的影响。试验处理包括2个施肥水平(低肥和高肥水平),4个水文条件(自由下渗、土壤水分饱和、壤中流、壤中流+降雨)和一个降雨强度(60 mm/h,历时60 min)。结果表明:壤中流+降雨和土壤水分饱和条件下的土壤侵蚀量分别是自由下渗条件下的3.1和1.7倍,同自由下渗相比,壤中流、壤中流+降雨和土壤水分饱和条件下,地表径流中NO3-N、HPO4-P的浓度和流失量有显著增加;低肥水平条件下,自由下渗、土壤水分饱和、壤中流和壤中流+降雨地表径流中,NO3-N的浓度分别是0.88、58.90、698.41和87.80 mg/L,对应水文条件下地表径流中,HPO4-P的浓度分别是0.252、0.322、0.811和0.383 mg/L,高肥水平条件下,径流中的NO3-N和HPO4-P的浓度也有相同的趋势;土壤水分饱和条件下,地表径流中NO3-N和HPO4-P的流失量分别是自由下渗条件下的27~39和1.3倍,壤中流+降雨条件下,地表径流中NO3-N和HPO4-P的流失量分别是自由下渗条件下的100~114和1.5~1.7倍,同时,壤中流+降雨和土壤...

（一）聚丁二烯橡胶的高聚物-溶剂相互作用参数从和有效网链密度的测定（二）顺丁橡胶在几种溶剂中的特性粘数-分子量关系式和无扰分子尺寸的估算

表征硫化橡胶弹性体网络的主要结构参数是有效网链密度橡胶弹性体的许多重要力学性能，例如：300%定伸强度、抗张强度、伸长率、抗撕裂、弹性、硬度、静态压缩模量和动态模量等都是和有效网链密度紧密相关的。Flory用平衡溶胀法测定有效网链密度的方程是：Ve = -1/(V_s)·(l_n(1-υ_r) + υ_r + μυ_r~2)/(υ_r~(1/3)-2υ_r/f)式中的Ve是有效网链密度（用单位体积橡胶的有效网链克分子数来表示），υ_r是溶胀网络中橡胶的体积分数，υ_s是溶剂的克分子体积，f是交联点的官能度（f = 4），μ是高聚物溶剂相互作用参数。首先要确定μ才能够用上式来测定硫化胶的有效网链密度以表征硫化程度。实验事实和Flory等人的理论工作表明：μ不是常数，是υ_r的函数。高顺式聚丁二烯橡胶已生产多年，但迄今未有关于高顺式聚丁二烯橡胶在不同溶剂中的μ和υ_r间的函数关系的报导。在实际应用中，人们常常用υ_r值的大小来近似表征硫化程度。但由上式可知：μ和υ_r不成正比关系。因此，必须求得μ值，才能得到Ve值，以正确表征硫化程度，对实际生产起指导作用。本工作采用溶胀-拉伸方法不渗透压，光散射等方法测定顺丁橡胶和溶剂甲苯、苯、正-庚烷的相互作用参数μ，得到了μ和υ_r的线性函数（见附表），μ = μ_o + βυ_r。μ_o是当υ_r趋向于零时的μ值，β是一个常数。溶胀拉伸法外推得到的μ_o值和用渗透压及光散射法得到的μ_o值么接近，为实验的可靠性提供了依据。力学方法和物理化学方法同时测得相近的结果，有文献报导的不多。用溶胀-拉伸法求橡胶-溶剂的相互作用参数μ，由于样品的制作和实验技术上的困难内尚未见报导。国外Kraus和V. Zanboni等人用天然、丁苯、乙丙、丁腈等纯胶硫化胶（未加碳黑的硫化胶）进行溶胀-拉伸实验，测定μ和U_r的函数关系。然后用来计算碳黑硫化胶的μ和Ve。本工作表明：对于同一橡胶-溶剂体系来说，纯胶硫化胶和碳黑硫化胶的μ和υ_r的函数关系并不一样，在相同υ_r时，二者Ve相差2.5-5%，υ_r值越大，Ve相差越大。因此用纯胶硫化胶的μ和υ_r的函数来计算碳黑硫化胶的有效网链密度是不适当的。本工作还用渗透压法测定了1，2-聚丁二烯（1，2-含量分别为90%和60%）及合成异戊橡胶和溶剂甲苯的相互作用参数μ_o。结果表明：合成异戊橡胶和天然橡胶有相同的μ_o值。这说明μ_o值只和化学结构有关，与样品的来源无关。两种1，2-聚丁二烯橡胶和顺丁橡胶也有相接近的μ_o值。其原因是因为三者有基本相同的内聚能密度，则它们在同一种溶剂中所受到的作用力应当相等的缘故。最后，本工作还研究了顺丁橡胶的有效网链密度对300%定伸强度、抗张强度、抗撕裂、伸长率、弹性、硬度、静态压缩模量和动态模量等力学性能的影响。结果表明：有效网链密度Ve和300%定伸强度成直线函数关系：M_(300%) = 17 + 3.61 * 10~5 * Ve（公斤/厘米）。这就为测定硫化胶的有效网链密度提供了另一条途径，因为300%定伸强度是表征硫化胶的一个重要参数，实验简单易行，知道了M_(300%)就可以利用上式估算Ve。本工作发现有效网链密度在2.00～3.10 * 10~(-4)摩尔/厘米~3的范围内，则可望达到优秀的抗张强度和抗撕裂性能，对实际生产的工艺控制有一定现实意义。本工作以稀土催化体系合成的顺丁橡胶（顺1，4-97%、反1，4-2.5%、1.2-0.5%）作为研究对象，订定了顺丁橡胶在溶剂四氢呋喃、甲苯、甲基环乙烷、正-庚烷和丁酮与正-庚烷混合溶剂（体积比为2:1）等中的特性粘数分子量关系式：用Kurata-Stockmayer(KS)方程、Stockmayer-Fixman(SF)方程和Tnagaki-Ptitsyn(IP)方程估算了顺丁橡胶的无扰分子尺寸。顺丁橡胶在溶剂四氢呋喃中的特性粘数-分子量关系式为[η]_(THF)~30 ℃= 0.0246 * M~(0.732)该关系式的获得为采用自记GPC测定和计算顺丁橡胶样品的(M-bar)_w、(M-bar)_n、(M-bar)_w/(M-bar)_x和[η]等重要分子参数提供了方便。因顺丁橡胶在四氢呋喃中的特性粘数-分子量关系式文献至今未见报导。顺丁橡胶在甲苯、甲基环乙烷、正-庚烷和丁酮与正-庚烷混合溶剂中的特性粘数-分子量关系式如下：[η]_(甲苯)~(30 ℃) = 0.0264 * M~(0.719) [η]_(甲基/环已烷)~(30 ℃) = 0.0293 * M~(0.698) [η]_(正-庚烷)~(30 ℃) = 0.1181 * M~(0.547) [η]_(丁酮+正-庚烷)~(30 ℃) = 0.1800 * M~(0.500)发现酮与正-庚烷的混合溶剂（体积比为2:1）在30 ℃时是顺丁橡胶的Θ溶剂。高聚物的无扰分子尺寸，是反映大分子近程相互作用的重要参数，由此可得到有关链结构的重要情报。本工作通过测定已知分子量的样品在四氢呋喃、甲苯、甲基环已烷等良溶剂中的特性粘数，采用KS、SF和IP方程去估算顺丁橡胶的无扰分子尺寸，同时测定了顺丁橡胶在其Θ条件下（丁酮与正-庚烷混合溶剂，体积比2:1，温度30 ℃）的无扰分子尺寸，以此进行对比。用KS方程估算的K_θ = 0.183(ml/g), <γ_o~2>~(1/2)/M~(1/2) = 0.0901(nm)用SF方程估算的K_θ = 0.183和0.200(ml/g), <γ_o~2>~(1/2)/M~(1/2) = 0.0901和0.0928(nm)用IP方程估算的K_θ = 0.192(ml/g), <γ_o~2>~(1/2)/M~(1/2) = 0.0915(nm)用Θ溶剂测定的K_θ= 0.180(ml/g), <γ_o~2>~(1/2)/M~(1/2) = 0.0896(nm)由此可见，用不同方法得到的结果均较接近。

808nm大功率量子阱激光器无吸收腔面镀膜的研究

于2010-11-23批量导入

大剂量氧注入硅中的再分布理论及其快速计算

在大剂量氧注入硅形成SIMOX(separation by IMplanted OXygen)的物理过程分析基础上,根据单原子衬底注入过程中溅射产额与核阻止本领的本质联系,首次得到O~+对硅表面溅射产额与注入能量的简洁关系式,同时提出埋SiO_2中的氧将主要向上界面扩散,排除了以前的作者在研究SIMOX材料各层厚度时采用拟合参数引起的计算不确定性.在考虑了主要的大剂量注入效应,如体积膨胀、表面溅射、氧在SiO_2内的快速扩散等等,得到氧在硅中的深度分布,经过超高温退火,认为氧硅发生完全的化学分凝,据此设计出快速计算大剂量、高束流氧注入后的最终氧分布的模拟程序POISS(Program of Oxygen Implantaion intion Silicon Substrate),能够较为准确地反映SIMOX材料的特征厚度.本程序已用于该所的SIMOX材料研究制中.

Experimental study on energy dissipation in a 1 kW arcjet thruster

As a simple and reliable propulsion system, arcjet thrusters have been used in multiple satellite missions. In order to improve the efficiency of arcjet thrusters, energy dissipation study was carried out in a 1 kW arcjet thruster with pure N2, H2-N2 and H2 as the propellant. Using a 698 nm interference filter, thermal radiation was isolated from arc and plume emissions and the internal nozzle temperature was obtained by converting the thermal radiation signals. Results show that the addition of hydrogen leads to higher nozzle temperature, which is the determining factor for the mode of arc root attachment. At lower nozzle temperatures, constricted type attachment with unstable motions of the arc root was observed, while a fully diffused and stable arc root was observed at elevated nozzle temperatures. Output energy distribution analysis shows that losses from frozen flow and exhaust thermal losses are the main parts in limiting the efficiency of arcjet thrusters.

Experimental study on energy dissipation in a 1 kW arcjet thruster

As a simple and reliable propulsion system, arcjet thrusters have been used in multiple satellite missions. In order to improve the efficiency of arcjet thrusters, energy dissipation study was carried out in a 1 kW arcjet thruster with pure N2, H2-N2 and H2 as the propellant. Using a 698 nm interference filter, thermal radiation was isolated from arc and plume emissions and the internal nozzle temperature was obtained by converting the thermal radiation signals. Results show that the addition of hydrogen leads to higher nozzle temperature, which is the determining factor for the mode of arc root attachment. At lower nozzle temperatures, constricted type attachment with unstable motions of the arc root was observed, while a fully diffused and stable arc root was observed at elevated nozzle temperatures. Output energy distribution analysis shows that losses from frozen flow and exhaust thermal losses are the main parts in limiting the efficiency of arcjet thrusters.

在相对论性激光_等离子体系统中初始物理参数对激光脉冲的影响

基于相对论性激光-等离子体动力学理论,研究了相对论性激光-等离子体系统中圆偏振入射脉冲激光和等离子体相互作用对激光脉冲宽度的影响.具体分析了在不同初始物理参数下脉冲激光的脉冲宽度在等离子体传播过程中的变化情况,重点分析了激光脉冲在等离子中压缩.计算结果表明增加入射激光的强度和入射脉冲宽度以及减小等离子体的初始密度,能够有效地实现脉冲宽度在等离子体中压缩;当激光脉冲的初始参数a0=0·12和τ=70以及等离子体密度n0=0·3时,脉冲宽度相对压缩T/τ接近于1/10,从而给出了激光压缩的理论优化参数.