Total and subcellular distribution of trace elements in the liver of a mother-fetus pair of Dall's porpoises (Phocoenoides dalli)

Total and subcellular hepatic Zn, Cu, Se, Mn, V, Hg, Cd, and Ag were determined in a mother-fetus pair of Dall's porpoises (Phocoenoides dalli). Except for higher fetal Cu concentration, all maternal elements were higher. Elements existed mostly in the cytosol of both animals except in the case of maternal Ag in the microsome and fetal Cu and Ag in the nuclei and mitochondria. In the maternal cytosol, Zn, Mn, Hg, and Ag were present in the high-molecular-weight substances (HMW); Se and V were present in the low-molecular-weight substances (LMW); Cu and Cd were mostly sequestered by metallothionein (MT). In the fetal cytosol, Zn, Se, Mn, Hg, Cd, and Ag were present in the HMW and V in the LMW, while Cu and Ag were mostly associated with MT. MT isoforms were characterized using the HPLC/ICP-MS. Two and four obvious peaks appeared in the maternal and fetal MT fractions, respectively. The highest elemental ion intensities were at a retention time of 7.8 min for the mother, and for the fetus the peak elemental ion intensities occurred at a retention time of 4.3 min, suggesting that different MT isoforms may be involved in elemental accumulation in maternal and fetal hepatocytosols. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Dynamics of microcystins-LR and -RR in the phytoplanktivorous silver carp in a sub-chronic toxicity experiment

A sub-chronic toxicity experiment was conducted to examine tissue distribution and depuration of two microcystins (microcystin-LR and microcystin -RR) in the phytoplanktivorous filter-feeding silver carp during a course of 80 days. Two large tanks (A, B) were used, and in Tank A, the fish were fed naturally with fresh Microcystis viridis cells (collected from a eutrophic pond) throughout the experiment, while in Tank B, the food of the fish were M. viridis cells for the first 40 days and then changed to artificial carp feed. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to measure MC-LR and MC-RR in the M. viridis cells, the seston, and the intestine, blood, liver and muscle tissue of silver carp at an interval of 20 days. MC-RR and MC-LR in the collected Microcystis cells varied between 268-580 and 110-292 mug g(-1) DW, respectively. In Tank A, MC-RR and MC-LR varied between 41.5-99.5 and 6.9-15.8 mug g(-1) DW in the seston, respectively. The maximum MC-RR in the blood, liver and muscle of the fish was 49.7, 17.8 and 1.77 mug g(-1) DW, respectively. No MC-LR was detectable in the muscle and blood samples of the silver carp in spite of the abundant presence of this toxin in the intestines (for the liver, there was only one case when a relatively minor quantity was detected). These findings contrast with previous experimental results on rainbow trout. Perhaps silver carp has a mechanism to degrade MC-LR actively and to inhibit MC-LR transportation across the intestines. The depuration of MC-RR concentrations occurred slowly than uptakes in blood, liver and muscle, and the depuration rate was in the order of blood > liver > muscle. The grazing ability of silver carp on toxic cyanobacteria suggests an applicability of using phytoplanktivorous fish to counteract cyanotoxin contamination in eutrophic waters. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Responses of antioxidant systems in the hepatocytes of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) to the toxicity of microcystin-LR

The freshwater, bloom-forming cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) Microcystis aeruginosa produces a peptide hepatotoxin, which causes the damage of animal liver. Recently, toxic Microcystis blooms frequently occur in the eutrophic Dianchi Lake (300 km(2) and located in the South-Westem of China). Microcystin-LR from Microcystis in Dianchi was isolated and purified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and its toxicity to mouse and fish liver was studied (Li et al., 2001). In this study, six biochemical parameters (reactive oxygen species, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxide and glutathione S-transferase) were determined in common carp hepatocytes when the cells were exposed to 10 mug microcystin-LR per litre. The results showed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents increased by more than one-time compared with the control after 6 h exposure to the toxin. In contrast, glutathione (GSH) levels in the hepatocytes exposed to microcystin-LR decreased by 47% compared with the control. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxide (GSH-Px) increased significantly after 6 h exposure to microcystin-LR, but glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity showed no difference from the control. These results suggested that the toxicity of microcystin-LR caused the increase of ROS contents and the depletion of GSH in hepatocytes exposed to the toxin and these changes led to oxidant shock in hepatocytes. Increases of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px activities revealed that these three kinds of antioxidant enzymes might play important roles in eliminating the excessive ROS. This paper also examined the possible toxicity mechanism of microcystin-LR on the fish hepatocytes and the results were similar to those with mouse hepatocytes. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Detection of hepatotoxic Microcystis strains by PCR with intact cells from both culture and environmental samples

Microcystins are small hepatotoxic peptides produced by a number of cyanobacteria. They are synthesized non-ribosomally by multifunctional enzyme complex synthetases encoded by the mcy genes. Primers deduced from mcy genes were designed to discriminate between toxic microcystin-producing strains and non-toxic strains. Thus, PCR-mediated detection of mcy genes could be a simple and efficient means to identify potentially harmful genotypes among cyanobacterial populations in bodies of water. We surveyed the distribution of the mcyB gene in different Microcystis strains isolated from Chinese bodies of water and confirmed that PCR can be reliably used to identify toxic strains. By omitting any DNA purification steps, the modified PCR protocol can greatly simplify the process. Cyanobacterial cells enriched from cultures, field samples, or even sediment samples could be used in the PCR assay. This method proved sensitive enough to detect mcyB genes in samples with less than 2,000 Microcystis cells per ml. Its accuracy, specificity and applicability were confirmed by sequencing selected DNA amplicons, as well as by HPLC, ELISA and mouse bioassay as controls for toxin production of every strain used.

First report of the cyanotoxins cylindrospermopsin and deoxycylindrospermopsin from Raphidiopsis curvata (Cyantobacteria)

A strain of Raphidiopsis (Cyanobacteria) isolated from a fish pond in Wuhan, P. R. China was examined for its taxonomy and production of the alkaloidal hepatotoxins cylindrospermopsin (CYN) and deoxy-cylindrospermopsin (deoxy-CYN). Strain HB1 was identified as R. curvata Fritsch et Rich based on morphological examination of the laboratory culture. HB1 produced mainly deoxy-CYN at a concentration of 1.3 mg(.)g(-1) (dry ut cells) by HPLC and HPLC-MS/MS. CYN was also detected in trace amounts (0.56 mug(.)g(-1)). A mouse bioassay did not show lethal toxicity when tested at doses up to 1500 mg dry weight cells(.)kg(-1) body weight within 96 h, demonstrating that production of primarily deoxy CYN does not lead to significant mouse toxicity by strain BB I. The presence of deoxy-CYN and CYN in R curvata suggests that Raphidiopsis belongs to the Nostocaceae, but this requires confirmation by molecular systematic studies. Production of these cyanotoxins by Raphidiopsis adds another genus, in addition to Cylindrospemopsis, Aphanizomenon, and Umezakia, now known to produce this group of hepatotoxic cyanotoxins. This is also the first report from China of a CYN and deoxy-CYN producing cyanobacterium.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Ya-Er Lake (Hubei, China): sources and distribution

Sources and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the Ya-Er Lake area (Hubei, China) sediment cores of 3 ponds in the shallow Ya-Er Lake were investigated for 16 PAH. Analytical procedure included extraction by ultrasonication, clean-up by gel-permeation and quantification by HPLC with fluorescence detection. The total PAH amount in sediment samples of the Ya-Er Lake ranged from 68 to 2242 mu g/kg. Concentrations decreased from pond 1 to pond 3 and from upper to lower sediment layers. In addition a soil sample from Ya-Er Lake area showed a total PAH amount of 58 mu g/kg. The PAH pattern in lower sediment layers were similar to that of the soil sample which indicates an atmospheric deposition into the sediments prior to 1970 only. The PAH profile of upper sediment samples, which differs completely from that of lower layers, may be explained by a gradually increasing input of mixed combustion and raw fuel sources since 1970. Therefore the origin of increased PAH contamination in Ya-Er Lake during the last 3 decades has been probably an industrial waste effluent in pond 1.

FATE OF 2 PHENYLBENZOYLUREA INSECTICIDES IN AN ALGAE CULTURE SYSTEM (SCENEDESMUS-SUBSPICATUS)

The bioaccumulation, elimination and degradation of C-14-labelled diflubenzuron (DFB) and of 1-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)urea (CCU) was studied in a laboratory algae culture system of scenedesmus subspicatus. Algae were exposed at an initial concentration of 200 mug/l for seven days. Neither substance had an inhibitory effect on the growth of algae. The half life of DFB and CCU was 3 and 1 days, respectively, as measured by HPLC. The distribution of C-14 between medium and algae was measured. In the case of DFB radioactivity in algae increased steadily and levelled off at approximately 60 % after 5 days. Due to algae growth BCF values decreased from 4310 to 889 for DFB and from 6719 to 304 for CCU during the exposure period. The relationship between algae density and bioconcentration could be correlated by an adsorption isotherm. Elimination of both compounds was rapid during the first hours.

H+ISFET-based biosensor for determination of penicillin G

A biosensor based on an H+ ion sensitive field effect transistor (H+-ISFET) and penicillin G acylase has been developed. The response time of the sensor to different concentrations of penicillin G was 30 s. In a 20 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.0, the linear range of the calibration curve was from 0.5 to 8 mM. The coefficients of variation for three samples with 20 repeated measurements were below 5%. Stability of the sensor could reach about 6 months and more than 1000 runs were performed without a significant decrease of the output value. The sensor was tested for measurement of the penicillin G content in penicillin fermentation broth. Forty samples with low and high concentrations of penicillin G were chosen for the correlation test. The values assayed by the sensor method were compared with the values assayed by HPLC method, the correlation coefficient (r) was 0.9944 and the regression equation was y = 1.034X - 2083.7 respectively. The different measuring methods are discussed in the text. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.

蒺藜活性物质的研究

本文以确立蒺藜及其相关药物心脑舒通的质量标准为目的对蒺藜中甾体皂甙进行了系统的研究，在前人已分出20种甾体皂甙的基础上，我们又从中发现10种甾体皂甙，其中9种为新化合物，丰富了蒺藜的化学基础内容，对确立蒺藜及其相关药物的质量标准和弄清蒺藜药物的作用机理有较重要的意义。主要结果如下：1 探索出一套植物中甾体皂甙系统分离的简单而有效的方法。蒺藜果实依次经水提、乙醇沉淀、大孔吸附树脂柱层析、脱色树脂、反复硅胶柱层析和HPLC，可使其中甾体皂甙得到系统全面的分离，并且保持了甾体皂甙的原有存在形态。我们发现蒺藜果实中有不少于40种的呋甾皂甙，而茎叶中的数量更多，由于时间限制，我们只分离出其中的10种，其余留待进一步研究。我们同时还对蒺藜果实和茎叶中甾体皂甙的分布进行了比较，发现果实中甾体皂甙集中在极性较大的部位而茎叶中分布则比较均匀。2 根据显色反应和谱学方法，尤其是NMR，我们确定了分得的10种化合物的结构，其中II为从蒺藜中首次分出，其余为新化合物。以上化合物的结构鉴定过程表明~(13)C NMR是确定中等分子量甾体皂甙的有效手段。由于皂甙的甙元和糖链之间除连接部位外~(13)C化学位移影响不大，可分别进行归属。但文献报道的~(13)C NMR数据归属尚有一些不确之处，尤其是糖链部分谱峰的归属，这在通过比较确定新化合物结构时应加以注意。

生物活性有机锗及HPCPC双水相分离生物大分子的研究

本论文内容主要分为4个部分：“有机锗化合物抑制Maillard反应的研究”、“Ge-132对体外培养幼鼠胰岛细胞的作用研究”、“PEG／磷酸盐双水相体系中生物大分子分配的研究”和“HPCPC（High Performance Centrifugal Partition Chromatography，高效离心分配色谱）双水相体系对生物大分子分离的研究”。前两部分主要从有机锗化合物防治糖尿病及其并发症的代谢机理和细胞学角度进行研究，本文引入HPCPC和双水相体系分离生物大分子的技术，为进一步阐明有机锗化合物在Maillard反应过程中的作用机理：对双水相体系中生物大分子的分配及HPCPC在双水相体系中分离生物大分子也做了大量的基础性研究，为开发HPCPC的应用作出了有价值的探索工作。本论文的主要创新点归纳如下：一、有机锗化合物对Maillard反应的抑制作用：针对国际上有机锗发展的前沿课题，在国内首先开展了有机锗化合物对Maillard反应抑制作用的研究，取得了有价值的研究结果。1、在模拟体内的生理条件下，研究了不同浓度Ge-132对精氨酸、组氨酸、甘氨酸和缬氨酸对Maillard反应荧光峰强度的影响：不同类型的氨基酸Maillard反应产物结构上的差异和不同浓度有机锗对组氨酸糖化反应420nm处特征吸光度的影响。2、苯丙氨酸是侧链带有苯环的芳香族氨基酸，是一种具有弱的天然荧光的生物小分子，其荧光最大发射位置在281.6nm。由于aillard反应是葡萄糖和氨基酸的-NHR基发生的反应，其反应产物的特征荧光在440nm附近。这两类荧光的发射位置相差较远，相互之间没有影响，因此利用荧光法观察Phe在反应过程中自身的荧光变化和Ge-132对Phe的Maillard反应荧光产物的抑制情况。3、血清白蛋白是哺乳动物体内的重要蛋白质，可作为多种内源性、外源性物质的存储和转运蛋白，其Maillard反应已经被广泛重视，但较复杂的实验条件限制了它的研究。通过观测蛋白质Maillard反应产物特征荧光的变化是一有效的研究方法。BSA的内源性荧光是由肽链色氨酸和酪氨酸残基贡献的，其最大发射位置340nm左右。其Maillard反应产物的特征荧光在440nm附近，这两类荧光发射位置相差较远，基本上没有影响，因此能够通过荧光光谱研究BSA的Maillard反应荧光产物的情况。本文观测了Ge-132对BSA的Maillard反应荧光产物的抑制作用，同时还通过荧光法确定了一个文献中没有的新的反应位点。4、本文研究了具有更高水溶性的一类双有机锗化合物(HO)_2Ge(CHR_1CHR_2COOH)_2．2H_20抑制Maillard反应的特性，结果证明它比Ge-132具有更高的抑制作用，我们通过化合物的构效关系解释了上述作用的机制。5、本文研究了Tb(Ge-132)_3和Eu(Ge-132)_3两种含稀土的配合物对氨基酸、蛋白质Maillard反应的影响，观察了稀土离子对Maillard反应体系的影响，对实验现象作出了合理的解释。二、Ge-132对体外培养幼鼠胰岛细胞的作用为进一步考察有机锗对糖尿病的防治作用，我们与白求恩医大合作，首次观察了Ge-132对体外培养的幼鼠胰岛细胞结构和功能的影响，研究了不同剂量的含锗化合物对幼鼠胰岛细胞分泌胰岛素的作用，认为低浓度的Ge-132对胰岛细胞分泌胰岛素具有明显的促进作用。该部分内容为首次报导。三、PEG／磷酸盐双水相体系中生物大分子分配的研究双水相萃取TPE(Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction)具有下述优点：生物相容性好、界面张力低、能量低、易于工业规模的放大、可以进行连续操作等。本论文系统地研究了各种蛋白质在PEG／磷酸盐体系中的分离情况，如在各种pH条件下，从6.8到9.2，各种分子量的PEG，包括PEGl000，2000，5000，6000，10000，和20000和磷酸盐双水相体系的物化性质，以及对lysozyme（溶菌酶），BSA（牛血清白蛋白），HSA（人血清白蛋白），Hemoglobin（血红蛋白）在各种体系中的分配系数，探讨了各种因素对生物大分子分配的影响。四、HPCPC在双水相体系对生物大分子分离的研究由于荧光光谱法证实了Ge-132对牛血清白蛋白Maillard反应的抑制作用。但对于如何能够分离出糖化产物，达到进行定量表征的目的是我们研究的一个重要内容。九十年代初，由日本研制出一种色谱中新技术HPCPC。HPCPC与传统的液相色谱(LC)和高效液相色谱(HPLC)不同，不需要固体作为支持体。流动相和固定相分别为两种不相混溶的液体，通过离心力的作用使其中一相作为固定相保持在类似多级萃取器的微小分配槽中，另一相作为流动相流经固定相。HPCPC在双水相体系的应用是一种利用多级连续萃取从双水相中分离生物物质的方法它具有运行时间快、高效高选择性，流动相与固定相之间比例可以任意改变，并在任何pH值均可进行正向和反向操作并且实验室规模可一步直接放大到生产规模。它不仅可以作为一种分离的工具，而且也是一种研究生物萃取反应动力学机理，反映热力学与动力学之间相关性的重要方法。本论文中研究了常用的两种双水相体系，利用PEG6000／Dex20000／H_20对BSA和Maillard反应产生的糖化BSA进行了初步分离，取得了一些阶段性结论。另外，通过对各种条件的筛选，选择了具有代表性的lysozyme和BSA，BSA和血红蛋白(Hb)进行HPCPC色谱仪上的分离，研究了色谱分离条件如：转数、流速、pH等对分离效率及理论塔板数的影响，取得了一系列重要的结论。为工业上大规模的生物样品分离提供了重要的参数。

大分子物质的质谱研究

1. 利用解吸化学电离质谱(DCI-MS)，研究了C_(60)与烷基甲醚和伯醇自身化学电离(self-CI)产物之间的气相离子-分子反应，观察到加成离子[C_(60)C_2H_5O]~+和质子化分子[C_(60)H]~+是C_(60)与烷基甲醚等离子体反应的主要产物；相反，没有检测到C_(60)与伯醇离子体系形成的相应加成产物。利用AM1半经验方法对[C_(60)C_2H_5O]~+的十四种可能结构进行了计算。结果表明最稳定的加成产物是[3+2]环加成产物，并提出了该加成产物的形成途径。2. 使用同样方法研究了C_(60)与丙烯酸甲酯离子体系发生的气相离子-分子反应，观察到加成离子[C_(60)C_3H_3O]~+和质子化分子[C_(60)H]~+为主要产物。利用AM1半经验方法对[C_(60)C_3H_3O]~+的八种可能结构进行了计算，结果表明三种环加成产物为最稳定结构。3. 合成了一系列L7和σ因子肽片段，并利用基质辅助激光解吸电离质谱(MALDI-MS)、电喷雾质谱(ESI-MS)和圆二色(CD)对高效液相色谱(HPLC)提纯的合成肽进行了表征。4. 利用ESI-MS研究了L7和σ合成肽与蛋白质G和蛋白质A的复合物，发现了该复合物产生的最佳条件及其稳定性；并结合亲和色谱，证明了L7和σ合成肽与蛋白质G或蛋白质A形成的复合物是具有特异性的非共价复合物。5. 通过竞争酶联免疫吸附实验（ELISA）、亲和色谱和MALDI-MS的联用，发现L7和σ肽与IgG的Fc片断在蛋白质G和蛋白质A的结合位置不同。6. 利用鸡多克隆抗L7抗体通过免疫键合印迹法发现L7和σ肽之间没有交叉反应性。

色谱法分离稀土元素和生物小分子的研究

本论文利用高效离心分配色谱仪进行了稀土元素抗、忆、斓的分离研究和菱角壳中黄酮类化合物的分离研究；探讨了氨基酸在双水相体系中的分配行为；利用气相色谱一质谱法测定了野生菱角壳中的多糖类化合物的组成；利用高效制备色谱法对野生菱角壳中的黄酮类和生物碱类化合物分别进行了制备分离的研究。1．首次采用新型梭酸类萃取剂CA-12（仲辛基苯氧基乙酸）的庚烷溶液作为固定相，以氯乙酸一氢氧化钠混合溶液为流动相，利用高效离心分配色谱（HPCPC）分离伉、铭、斓，考察了流动相酸度、流速及HPCPC转速对分离效率的影响，通过梯度PH洗脱，实现了杭、忆、悯的基线分离，并对CA-12萃取金属离子的机理进行了探讨，同时利用HPCPC，对黄酮类化合物进行了分离研究，优选出溶剂系统（正己烷一乙酸乙醋一甲醇一水）的最佳配比，实现了混合物的分离。2．首次对四种氨基酸在聚乙二醇（PEG）一磷酸盐双水相体系中的分配行为进行了研究。考察了PEG分子量、磷酸盐溶液的pH值对相图的影响，测定了两相的组成、密度和折射率等参数，并对缓冲溶液的pH值、盐离子的存在和氨基酸的支链结构对氨基酸在双水相中分配比的影响进行了探讨。3．用乙醇分级沉淀法，首次从野生菱角壳中提取出多糖化合物。通过Molisch试验、红外光谱、核磁共振波谱分析确定了多糖的存在，用气相色谱一质谱法，确定了菱角壳多糖化合物的单糖组成。首次从野生菱角壳中提取出黄酮类化合物和生物碱类化合物，利用高效制备液相色谱（HPLC），通过考察流动相的组成配比、流速、检测波长等分离条件对分离效果的影响，优选出最佳色谱分离条件和制备条件，分离制备出四个黄酮化合物和三个生物碱化合物单组分，经化学法、红外光谱、质谱法和核磁共振法等初步确定了黄酮类化合物和生物碱类化合物的基本结构单元。

毛细管电泳电化学发光检测技术研究与应用

我们实验室一直致力于新型电化学检测方法的研究与应用，我们希望检测技术除了灵敏，还需要具有结构简单、操作方便、更好的选择性等特点。三联毗陡钉〔Ru（bPy）32+］电化学发光（ECL）方法已经在HPLC和流动注射中，在免疫分析和DNA探针分析中应用，用于生化物质分析、临床分析、疾病诊断、DNA序列测定、PCR反转录定量分析等。我们进一步发展了这种技术，使其应用于毛细管电泳分析，简称CE-ECL，可以预台CE-ECL技术将在分析科学领域中显示其快速、高效、灵敏、经济等优点。以建立和完善毛细管电泳发光检测技术和研究其分析应用体系为本论文的重点，主要包括以下几方面的工作内容：1．设计制作了柱端毛细管电泳电化学发光检测池，建立了电极和毛细管尺寸、检测电位、电解质浓度和酸碱度等实验参数，以及实际样品预处理方法；2．首次将毛细管电泳电化学发光检测技术应用于临床药物分析，证明该种技术对于分析临床病人样本中的药物含量具有灵敏度高、选择性和数据重现性好等特点；3．实现了毛细管电泳电化学发光检测体系中正负离子在正高压进样条件下的电场放大进样效应，并对负离子的这种特殊的效应进行了解释；4．利用毛细管电泳电化学发光技术分析了癌症化学标识物一多胺，体现出该种方法灵敏、一选择性好，而且无需进行衍生的特点；5．设计了一种毛细管电泳与流动注射分析通用的电化学发光流通检测池，其主要的特点是娜丈更换毛细管电泳分离毛细管和流动注射进样管，从而切换工作模式。该设计提高了分析结果的重现性，其灵敏度和重现性优于已经报道的其它类型的检测池。6．利用微乳化方法合成纳米尺寸的包含电化学发光试剂的二氧化硅颗粒，电化学发光试剂在其中以团聚的颗粒形态存在，具有稳定的电化学性质。这种材料通过化学键合或层层静电组装的方式结合蛋白质或DNA等生物大分子之后仍具有一定的电化学发光活性，并且发光活性随生物大分子固定量以及种类而变化，从而在一定程度上可以作为生物大分子电化学发光检娜勺标记物。

毛细管电泳及微芯片毛细管电泳电化学发光对某些药物的研究

三联吡啶钌（Ru（bpy）32+）电化学发光（ECL）方法已经广泛与HPLC和流动注射联用，用于生化物质分析、临床分析、疾病诊断、DNA序列测定、PCR反转录定量分析等。我们进一步发展了这种技术，使其应用于毛细管电泳分析，简称CE-ECL，CE-ECL技术在分析科学领域中显示其快速、高效、灵敏、经济等优点。本文研究了毛细光电泳及微芯片毛细管电泳电化学发光检测在在某些药物方面的应用。1．毛细管电泳电化学发光检测研究药物和蛋白相互作用扩展了毛细管电泳电化学发光的应用。将此技术用于研究药物与人血清白蛋白的相互作用。三种治疗帕金森病的药物普环陡、丙环淀、苯海索为分析物。成功地分离了此三种分子量相近的药物，并计算了单个药物与人血清白蛋白作用的键合常数及三种药物同时与该蛋白作用的键合常数，研究了药物间的竞争作用。实验表明，苯海索，丙环陡，普环咤与人血清白蛋白的键合常数依次减小，与人血．清白蛋白的键合能力也依次减小。它们同时与人血清白蛋白作用时的键合值较它们单独与人血清白蛋白作用时的键合值小，说明竞争作用存在。但它们相对的键合能力不变。2．微芯片毛细管电泳电化学发光检测尿液中的林可霉素将微芯片毛细管电泳电化学发光用于分析研究抗生素林可霉素。实验中采用上层带微通道的PDMS，下层带ITO电极的玻璃底片组成的微芯片，三联毗咙钉为电化学发光试剂，成功地分离了抗生素林可霉素和另外一种抗生素克林霉素。并在叨s内快速直接地检测了尿液中的林可霉素，检测限为3.1μM，重现陛好、线性范围宽，表明此技术可直接应用于生物样品的分析。

化学计量学方法辅助多组分分析

近年来，随着生物学、生命科学、药物学、环境科学等学科的迅猛发展，使得人们对于分析化学的要求也越来越高。由于这些学科一般都涉及对复杂多组分体系的定性、定量及结构分析，传统的单组分分析手段已经无法满足需要，这就迫切需要新的分析理论和技术来解决日益复杂的分析问题。而化学计量学的出现和迅速发展，为广大化学工作者提供了强有力的理论工具和分析手段，使得他们能够根据具体问题的不同而采用适当的分析技术来解决传统方法无法解决的难题。论文工作围绕因子分析类方法和小波分析方法在多组分分析中的应用进行了较系统的研究，主要内容归纳如下：1）应用渐进因子分析法和固定尺寸移动窗口渐进因子分析法对模拟的重叠HPLC-DAD数据进行解析，并对两种方法的解析结果进行比较。2）应用子窗口因子分析法解析模拟的重叠HPLC-DAD数据。3）应用小波分析方法进行数据压缩、平滑和滤噪、背景扣除和基线校正、重叠信号的解析，得到了满意的结果。4）将二维小波变换与子窗口因子分析方法相结合，用于高噪声的模拟HPLC-DAD数据的解析。5）将启发渐进式特征投影法和局部正交投影法分别应用于丹参和川芍提取物的HPLC-DAD重叠峰解析，所得结果可以作为进一步定性定量分析的依据。