An introduction to the trapping of clusters with ion traps and electrostatic storage devices

This paper presents an introduction to the application of ion traps and storage devices for cluster physics. Some experiments involving cluster ions in trapping devices such as Penning traps, Paul traps, quadrupole or multipole linear traps are briefly discussed. Electrostatic ion storage rings and traps which allow for the storage of fast ion beams without mass limitation are presented as well. We also report on the recently developed mini-ring, a compact electrostatic ion storage ring for cluster, molecular and biomolecular ion studies.

Photoluminescence character of Xe ion irradiated sapphire

In the present work the photoluminescence (PL) character of sapphire implanted with 180 keV Xe and irradiated with 308 MeV Xe ions was studied. The virgin, implanted and irradiated samples were investigated by PL and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra measurements. The obtained PL spectra showed the maximum emission bands at 2.75, 3.0 and 3.26 eV for the implanted fluence of 1.0 x 10(15) ions/cm(2) and at 2.4 and 3.47 eV for the irradiated fluence of 1.0 x 10(13) ions/cm(2). The FTIR spectra showed a broaden absorption band between 460 and 630 cm(-1), indicating that strong damaged region formed in Al2O3.

Effects of helium and oxygen common implantation in silicon wafer

Defect engineering for SiO2] precipitation is investigated using He-ion implantation as the first stage of separation by implanted oxygen (STMOX). Cavities are created in Si by implantation with helium ions. After thermal annealing at different temperatures, the sample is implanted with 120keV 8.0 x 10(16) cm(-2) O ions. The O ion energy is chosen such that the peak of the concentration distribution is centred at the cavity band. For comparison, another sample is implanted with O ions alone. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM), Fourier transform infrared absorbance spectrometry (FTIR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements are used to investigate the samples. The results show that a narrow nano-cavity layer is found to be excellent nucleation sites that effectively assisted SiO2 formation and released crystal lattice strain associated with silicon oxidation.

Structural and optical properties of 6H-SiC helium-implanted at 600 K

Single crystals of 6H-SiC were implanted at 600 K with 100 key He ions to three successively fluences and subsequently annealed at different temperatures ranging from 873 to 1473 K in vacuum. The recovery of lattice damage was investigated by different techniques including Rutherford backscattering spectrometry in channeling geometry, Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. All three techniques showed that the damage induced by helium ion implantation in the lattice is closely related to the fluence. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry/channeling data on high temperature implantations suggest that for a fluence of 3 x 10(16) He+/cm(2), extended defects are created by thermal annealing to 1473 K. Apart from a well-known intensity decrease of scattering peaks in Raman spectroscopy it was found that the absorbance peak in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy due to the stretching vibration of Si-C bond shifted to smaller wave numbers with increasing fluence, shifting back to larger wave numbers with increasing annealing temperature. These phenomena are attributed to different lattice damage behavior induced by the hot implantation process, in which simultaneous recovery was prevailing. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Biosorption of uranium by chemically modified Rhodotorula glutinis

The present paper reports the biosorption of uranium onto chemically modified yeast cells, Rhodotorula glutinis, in order to study the role played by various functional groups in the cell wall. Esterification of the carboxyl groups and methylation of the amino groups present in the cells were carried out by methanol and formaldehyde treatment, respectively. The uranium sorption capacity increased 31% for the methanol-treated biomass and 11% for the formaldehyde-treated biomass at an initial uranium concentration of 140 mg/L The enhancement of uranium sorption capacity was investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis, with amino and carboxyl groups were determined to be the important functional groups involved in uranium binding. The biosorption isotherms of uranium onto the raw and chemically modified biomass were also investigated with varying uranium concentrations. Langmuir and Freundlich models were well able to explain the sorption equilibrium data with satisfactory correlation coefficients higher than 0.9. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Molecular vibration spectroscopy study of irradiation effect in C-60 films induced by low energy ion

Irradiation effect in C-60 films induced by 170 keV B ion was investigated by means of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopies. The damage cross section sigma and the effective damage radius R are deduced from the experimental data of all four IR active modes and evident four Raman active modes of C-60 molecule. The differences on irradiation sensitivity and structural stability of the different active modes of C-60 molecule are compared. The results indicate that T-1u (4) of infrared active mode and A(g) (1) of Raman active mode are most sensitive for B ion irradiation. On the other hand T-1u (2) of infrared active mode and H-g (3) of Raman active mode are comparatively stable under B ion irradiation. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3512968]

Structural stability of C-60 films under the bombardment of 1.95 GeV Kr ions

The structural stability of C-60 films under the bombardment of 1.95 GeV Kr ions is investigated. The irradiated C-60 films were analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Raman scattering technique. The analytical results indicate that the irradiation induced a decrease of icosahedral symmetry of C-60 molecule and damage of C-60 films; different vibration modes of C-60 molecule have different irradiation sensitivities; the mean efficient damage radius obtained from experimental data is about 1.47 nm, which is in good agreement with thermal spike model prediction.

A simple preparation of stationary phase of alkylamide reversed-phase liquid chromatograph for the separation of basic substances

A simple preparation process of alkylamide phase for reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) is described. The process includes aminopropyltrimethoxysilane firstly reacted with octanoyl chloride, then the intermediate was coupled onto porous silica. The resultant bonded silica has a reproducible ligand surface concentration and homogenous bonded ligand distribution on the porous silica. Characterization of prepared packing was carried out with elemental analysis, solid-state C-13 NMR and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). Chromatographic evaluations were carried out by using a mixture of organic compounds including acidic, basic and neutral analytes under methanol/water as binary mobile phase. The results showed that the stationary phase have excellent chromatographic properties and can be efficiently used for the separation of basic compounds.

Local Feature Based Geometric-Resistant Image Information Hiding

Watermarking aims to hide particular information into some carrier but does not change the visual cognition of the carrier itself. Local features are good candidates to address the watermark synchronization error caused by geometric distortions and have attracted great attention for content-based image watermarking. This paper presents a novel feature point-based image watermarking scheme against geometric distortions. Scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) is first adopted to extract feature points and to generate a disk for each feature point that is invariant to translation and scaling. For each disk, orientation alignment is then performed to achieve rotation invariance. Finally, watermark is embedded in middle-frequency discrete Fourier transform (DFT) coefficients of each disk to improve the robustness against common image processing operations. Extensive experimental results and comparisons with some representative image watermarking methods confirm the excellent performance of the proposed method in robustness against various geometric distortions as well as common image processing operations.

High PL-efficiency ZnO nanocrystallites/PPV composite nanofibers

In this paper, we report for the first time on the synthesis of ZnO nanocrystallites in conjugated polymer (PPV) nanofibers by the coupling of the in situ/blend methods and electrospinning. These composite nanofibers were characterized by fluorescence microscopy, atomic force microscope (AFM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photoluminescence (PL) spectra, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD).

Synthesis and characterization of a novel two-component organogelator based on ion-bonded discotic complex

A novel ion-bonded discotic complex was prepared from 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexakis(N,N-dimethylaminopropylaminocarbonylmethoxy)triphenylene (HDTP) and 4'-dodecyloxybiphenyl-4-carboxylic acid (DBC) by ionic self-assembly (ISA) route and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum. We found that the complex can self-assemble into stable gels in aromatic hydrocarbons. Nanofibers with diameters of 50-130 nm were observed in the gels by transmission electron micrograph (TEM).

Controllable synthesis of metal hydroxide and oxide nanostructures by ionic liquids assisted electrochemical corrosion method

Cu(OH)(2) nanowires have been synthesized by anodic oxidation of copper through a simple electrolysis process employing ionic liquid as an electrolyte. Controlling the electrochemical conditions can qualitatively modulate the lengths, amounts, and shapes of Cu(OH)(2) nanostructures. A rational mechanism based on coordination self-assembly and oriented attachment is proposed for the selective formation of the polycrystalline Cu(OH)(2) nanowires. In addition, the FeOOH nanoribbons, Ni(OH)(2) nanosheets, and ZnO nanospheres were also synthesized by this route, indicative of the universality of the electrochemical route presented herein. The morphologies and structures of the synthesized nanostructures have been characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), and thermogravimetric (TG). (C) 2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved

Solvothermal synthesis and characterization of Ln (Eu3+, Tb3+) doped hydroxyapatite

Luminescent Ln (Eu3+, Tb3+) doped hydroxyapatite (Eu:HAp, Tb:HAp) phosphors were successfully fabricated via the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)/n-octane/n-butanol/water microemulsion-mediated solvothermal process. The structure, morphology, and optical properties were systematically characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and photoluminescence (PL) spectra as well as the kinetic decays, respectively.

On the chemical synthesis and drug delivery response of folate receptor-activated, polyethylene glycol-functionalized magnetite nanoparticles

We describe here the chemical synthesis and in vitro drug delivery response of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-functionalized magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles, which were activated with a stable ligand, folic acid, and conjugated with an anticancer drug, doxorubicin. The functionalization and conjugation steps in the chemical synthesis were confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The drug-release behavior of PEG-functionalized and folic acid-doxorubicin-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles was characterized by two stages involving an initial rapid release, followed by a controlled release. (C) 2007 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Photo- and Thermo-Chromic Study of the Ethylenediamine Trimolybdate

The ethylenediamine trimolybdate (ENTMo) can show unusually photochromic and thermochromic properties and there exists in the difference of chromic mechanisms, which has been proved in our previous work [I]. In this paper, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS) of the colored samples are characterized and analyzed in detail. The crystal structure, the inorganic skeleton and the microenvironment of center ions of the colored samples do not substantively change except distortion. The color difference of the photochromic and the thermochromic samples is discussed and that the difference of reduction sites result in their different chromic mechanisms is suggested.