47 resultados para Aristarque de Tégée (04..-04.. av. J.-C.) -- Portraits


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用双中心原子轨道紧耦合方法计算了C4+-He以及O6+-He碰撞的单俘获总截面,入射离子的能量范围为10-100 keV/amu,所得计算结果在实验误差范围内与实验值很好符合。对满壳层入射离子,研究了单俘获截面随入射离子电荷态的变化,并讨论了原子轨道展开波函数数目对计算结果的影响。

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对HIRFL CSR的原形磁铁进行了试制和研究.尝试了一种新的改善磁场分布的方法:在不增大极头的条件下使用两根内置导线,实践证明是可行的.用OPERA 2D和TOSCA 3D软件分析了垫补电流对中、低场的影响,同时也介绍了这块C型二极磁铁的制作工艺及磁场测量结果.

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采用室内恒温控湿好气培养试验研究长期不同施肥制度培育的土壤有机N库的供氮能力及不同C/N比有机物料掺混土壤后有机N的矿化特征与进程。结果表明:长期不同施肥制度培育的土壤有机N库的供氮能力各不相同,与不施肥处理相比,长期施用化肥或有机肥均能提高土壤的供氮能力,二者相结合可明显提高土壤供氮力;不同C/N比有机物料掺混土壤后有机N的矿化特征与物料的C/N比密切相关,有机N的矿化进程可区分为前期的快速分解和后期的缓慢分解。

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油蒿(Artemisia ordosica Krasch.)是内蒙古鄂尔多斯高原特有的半灌木,构成该地区沙地优势植被类型。主要分布在固定、半固定沙丘,同时在流动沙丘也有少量分布。它在当地经济价值、防风固沙环保方面均处于无以取代的地位。在毛乌素沙地沙漠化日益扩大的严峻态势下,研究其群落地上、地下过程对生境变化的响应不仅对维持干旱、半干旱区生态系统稳定的管理措施上有所帮助,而且也有助于了解全球变化背景下物种对环境条件的长期变化适应策略。 为此,本项研究以毛乌素沙地为研究区域,利用异速生长关系确立不同生境油蒿生物量最佳回归方程,并调查、比较了毛乌素沙地固定沙丘、半固定沙丘和流动沙丘三个生境油蒿灌丛地的生物量、土壤和植被的碳储量、生产力和细根周转、土壤微生物生物量碳、氮和土壤呼吸。具体结果如下: 1. 建立并比较了油蒿枝、株两个水平上各部分(不含细根)生物量异速生长关系式,其中枝形态指标(枝直径BD、枝长BL、叶枝长LBL)与油蒿叶、枝、果各部分生物量的异速关系最好;株水平上冠层面积CA与其叶、枝干、果、粗根各部分生物量的回归效果较好。不同生境生物量与其生长变量的异速生长关系存在差异。2004年调查的油蒿灌丛生物量从固定沙丘、半固定沙丘到流动沙丘分别是354.8,178.3和30.4 g m-2;各部分(叶、枝干、果、粗根、不同径级细根的)生物量都呈递减趋势。地下根与总生物量比值排序为固定>半固定>流动沙丘。不同生境细根生物量垂直分布存在差异,在固定沙丘根可至100 cm,半固定沙丘达90 cm,而在流动沙丘仅为60 cm,这些结果有助于使了解不同生境中的相同物种如何通过自身形态及其生物量调整来适应生境的差异。 2. 不同生境油蒿灌丛地植被碳储量和土壤碳储量在P < 0.05水平上差异显著,其中固定沙丘植被碳储量和土壤碳储量分别为224.04和7521 g C m-2,半固定沙丘是119.27和3029 g C m-2,流动沙丘是16.83和2300 g C m-2。可见沙区土壤有机碳远大于植被碳量。 3. 利用最大值减最小值方法、标准取样法和内生长土芯法研究了不同生境油蒿灌丛地的地上、粗根生产力和地下细根生产力。发现各生境生产力、细根周转都随着植被盖度增加而增加,地下根生产力与总生产力之比随着植被盖度增加而减少;不同生境油蒿灌丛地生产力在P < 0.05水平上存在显著差异,2005年总生产力范围在18.23-293.82 g m-2 yr-1之间;细根总周转率在0.16-0.54 yr-1之间。 4. 利用异速生产关系确立不同生境不同水平上油蒿叶面积的最佳回归关系式并对不同生境的比叶面积(SLA)进行了比较,其中枝水平上各生境叶面积与枝直径、枝叶长、枝长相关关系在P < 0.001水平上显著;株水平上各生境叶面积与株高、冠层面积相关关系在P < 0.001水平显著;从固定沙丘、半固定沙丘到流动沙丘SLA由大变小,这可能与生境养分差异有关。 5. 不同生境油蒿灌丛地土壤微生物碳、氮和土壤呼吸范围分别在117.99-153.99 mg kg-1、1.49-3.31mg kg-1和0.54-1.96 μmol m-2 s-1之间,它们从固定沙丘、半固定沙丘到流动沙丘依次下降。

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OpenMP是一种支持Fortran,C/C++的共享存储并行编程标准。它基于fork-join的并行执行模型,将程序划分为并行区和串行区。近几年来,OpenMP在SMP(Symmetric Multi-Processing)和多核体系结构的并行编程中得到了广泛的应用。随着多核处理器的发展,实际的应用程序如何充分利用多个处理器核来提高运算效率也成为研究的热点。 在科学计算中,循环结构是最核心的并行对象之一。考虑到负载平衡、调度开销、同步开销等多方面因素,OpenMP标准制定了Static调度、Dynamic调度、Guided调度和Runtime调度等不同策略。针对Guided调度策略不适合递减型循环结构的缺点,本文提出了一种改进的new_guided调度策略,并在OMPi编译器上加以实现。New_guided调度策略的主要思想是对前半部分的循环采用Static调度,后半部分的循环采用Guided调度。此外,本文针对不同的循环结构,在多核处理器上对不同的调度策略进行了评测。测试结果表明,在一般情况下,OpenMP默认的Static策略的调度性能最差;对于规则的循环结构和递增的循环结构,Dynamic调度策略、Guided调度策略和new_guided策略的性能差别不大;对于递减型的循环结构,Dynamic调度策略和new_guided策略的性能相当,要优于Guided调度策略;对于求解Mandelbrot集合这类计算量集中在中间的随机循环结构,Dynamic调度策略优于其它策略,new_guided策略的性能介于Dynamic调度和Guided调度之间。 随着多核处理器的问世和发展,多线程程序设计也已经成为一个不可回避的问题。稀疏矩阵向量乘(SpMV, Sparse Matrix-Vector Multiplication)是一个十分重要且经常被大量调用的科学计算内核。SpMV的存储访问一般都极不规则,导致现有的SpMV算法效率都比较低。目前,多核处理器芯片上的内核数量正在逐步增加。这使得在多核处理器上对SpMV进行并行化加速变得非常重要。本文介绍了稀疏矩阵的两种常用的存储格式CSR和BCSR,并采用OpenMP实现了SpMV的多核并行化。此外,本文还讨论了寄存器分块算法、压缩列索引等优化技术,以及不同调度策略对多线程并行后的SpMV的影响。在曙光天阔服务器S4800A1上的测试表明,大部分矩阵都取得了可扩展、甚至是超线性的加速比,但是对于部分规模较大的矩阵,加速效果并不明显。在我们的测试中,与基于CSR实现的多线程SpMV相比,采用寄存器分块算法优化后的SpMV运算速度平均提高了28.09%。在基于CSR实现的多线程SpMV中,采用列索引优化技术后的程序比优化前的速度平均提高了13.05%。此外,本文实现了一种基于非零元个数的调度策略。在该策略中,每个线程处理几乎相同数量的非零元。我们将它和OpenMP标准提供的三种调度策略进行了测试和分析。测试结果表明:与OpenMP提供的调度策略相比,基于非零元个数的调度策略能取得更好的负载平衡;Dynamic调度和Guided调度在多线程SpMV中的性能基本相当,均优于Static调度策略。

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用射频反应溅射在硅(100)衬底上生长了c轴择优取向的ZnO薄膜,用X射线衍射仪、荧光分光光度计和X射线光电子能谱仪对样品进行了表征,分析研究了溅射功率、衬底温度对样品的结构和发光特性的影响.结果表明,溅射功率100W,衬底温度300~400℃时,适合c轴择优取向和应力小的ZnO薄膜的生长.在样品的室温光致发光谱中观察到了380nm的紫外激子峰和峰位在430nm附近的蓝光带,并对蓝光带的起源进行了初步探讨.

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讲述了分布式控制系统中用于提供设备访问服务的设备服务器软件的实现方法。详细介绍了多线程网络通信的设计与实现方法,并对软件中的多线程同步、日志维护、数据库操作等问题进行了讨论。

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从发酵L山梨糖的Gluconobacteroxydans和Bacilusmegaterium2980混和菌株的无细胞抽提液中分离到了2酮L古龙酸还原酶(KGR),测得其分子量为90kDa。动力学性质研究表明它为一个典型的MichaelisMenten氏酶,对2酮L古龙酸作用的Km值为342×10-3mol,最适作用pH为65,最适作用温度为30℃。2酮L古龙酸还原酶的合成不受L山梨糖和2酮L古龙酸的诱导,故推测2酮L古龙酸还原酶是Gluconobacteroxydans的一个组成酶。

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AMS(14)C dating and grain-size analysis for Core PC-6, located in the middle of a mud area on the inner shelf of the East China Sea (ECS), were used to rebuild the Holocene history of the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM). The 7.5-m core recorded the history of environmental changes during the postglacial transgression. The core's mud section (the upper 450 cm) has been formed mainly by suspended sediment delivered from the Yangtze River mouth by the ECS Winter Coastal Current (ECSWCC) since 7.6 kyr BP. Using a mathematical method called "grain size vs. standard deviatioW', we can divide the Core PC-6's grain-size distribution into two populations at about 28 mu m. The fine population (< 28 mu m) is considered to be transported by the ECSWCC as suspended loads. Content of the fine population changes little and represents a stable sedimentary environment in accord with the present situation. Thus, variation of mean grain-size from the fine population would reflect the strength of ECSWCC, which is mainly controlled by the East Asian winter monsoon. Abrupt increasing mean grain size in the mud section is inferred to be transported by sudden strengthened ECSWCC, which was caused by the strengthened EAWM. Thus, the high resolution mean grain-size variation might serve as a proxy for reconstruction of the EAWM. A good correlation between sunspot change and the mean grain-size of suspended fine population suggests that one of the primary controls on centennial- to decadal-scale changes of the EAWM in the past 8 ka is the variations of sun irradiance, i.e., the EAWM will increase in intensity when the number of sunspots decreases. Spectral analyses of the mean grain-size time series of Core PC-6 show statistically significant periodicities centering on 2463, 1368, 128, 106, 100, 88-91, 7678, and 70-72 years. The EAWM and the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) agree with each other well on these cycles, and the East Asian Monsoon (EAM) and the Indian Monsoon also share in concurrent cycles in Holocene, which are in accord with the changes of the sun irradiance. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 exposed to chill (5 degrees C)-light (100 mu mol photons m(-2) s(-1)) stress loses its ability to reinitiate growth. From a random insertion mutant library of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, a sll1242 mutant showing increased sensitivity to chill plus light was isolated. Mutant reconstruction and complementation with the wild-type gene confirmed the role of sll1242 in maintaining chill-light tolerance. At 15 degrees C, the autotrophic and mixotrophic growth of the mutant were both inhibited, paralleled by decreased photosynthetic activity. The expression of sll1242 was upregulated in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 after transfer from 30 to 15 degrees C at a photosynthetic photon flux density of 30 mu mol photons m(-2) S-1. sll1242, named ccr (cyanobacterial cold resistance gene)- 1, may be required for cold acclimation of cyanobacteria in light.

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Submitted by zhangdi (zhangdi@red.semi.ac.cn) on 2009-04-13T11:45:31Z

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Submitted by zhangdi (zhangdi@red.semi.ac.cn) on 2009-04-13T11:45:31Z

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Submitted by zhangdi (zhangdi@red.semi.ac.cn) on 2009-04-13T11:45:31Z

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Tetragonal PbTiO3 under uniaxial stress along the c-axis is investigated from first-principles. The structural parameters, polarization, and squares of the lowest optical phonon frequencies for E(1TO) and A(1)(1TO) modes at Gamma show abrupt changes near a stress sigma(c) of 1.04 GPa, which is related to the dramatic change of elastic constant c(33) resulting from the uniaxial stress applied along the c-axis. We also find that the uniaxial compressive stress could enhance the piezoelectric stress coefficients, whereas the uniaxial tensile stress could enhance the piezoelectric strain coefficients. It is also found that when the magnitude of uniaxial compressive stress sigma(33) is greater than 12 GPa, PbTiO3 is transformed to the paraelectric tetragonal phase.