62 resultados para 833


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Both a real time optical interferometric experiment and a numerical simulation of two-dimension non-steady state model were employed to study the growth process of aqueous sodium chlorate crystals. The parameters such as solution concentration distribution, crystal dimensions, growth rate and velocity field were obtained by both experiment and numerical simulation. The influence of earth gravity during crystal growth process was analyzed. A reasonable theory model corresponding to the present experiment is advanced. The thickness of concentration boundary layer was investigated especially. The results from the experiment and numerical simulation match well.

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乘波飞行器运动过程中的非定常气动特性是高超声速飞行中的重要物理问题之一。采用数值模拟方法模拟了乘波飞行器在固定迎角下绕其对称轴强迫滚转运动这一过程。比较了在不同频率和滚转角下乘波飞行器的气动特性。计算格式采用AUSM类格式中最新的AUSM~+-up格式。计算结果表明:AUSM~+-up能很好地模拟飞行器滚转运动这一非定常过程;滚转运动时,所设计的乘波飞行器能使高压气体很好地附着在乘波飞行器下表面从而使其具有较好的气动特性;当频率较大时,乘波飞行器由于角速度的诱导作用会导致升力出现迟滞现象;做滚转运动时,滚转力矩小于零,产生正阻尼,乘波飞行器不会产生"摇滚"运动.

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A pulse-compression scheme based on cascade of filamentation and hollow fiber has been demonstrated, Pulses with duration of sub-5 fs and energy of 0.2 mJ near 800 nm have been generated by compressing the similar to 40 fs pulses from a commercial laser system. This method is promising to generate near monocycle high energy pulses. [GRAPHICS] Measured autocorrelation curve of the final compressed pulses with duration of sub-5 fs (black solid) and the simulated autocorrelation curve of 4.6 fs pulse near 800 rim (red dash) (C) 2008 by Astro Ltd. Published exclusively by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA

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X光条纹相机在惯性约束聚变实验诊断中具有重要作用.它的性能技术指标的精确标定是实验数据可信度的基础。在上海激光联合实验室的20TW激光器上对X光条纹相机的扫速、时间分辨等时间性能进行了标定,取得了较好的结果。标定结果显示相机的各项性能与出厂标称值有了较大改变。标定的实验结果可有效提高ICF实验数据处理和物理分析的可靠性。

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采用气相传输平衡(VTE)技术,在(0001)面白宝石衬底表面上成功地制备出单相γ-LiAlO2层。研究了白宝石衬底表面形貌对γ-LiAlO2层质量的影响,发现白宝石衬底的表面粗糙度和退火处理是两个影响γ-LiAlO2层质量的重要因素。要制备高质量的γ-LiAlO2层,适度的表面粗糙度是恰当的。对白宝石衬底进行退火处理,γ-LiAlO2层的择优取向变差。并对其中可能的机理进行了探讨。

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通过实验我们证明Ca2+对叶绿体膜的流动性,对PS I和PS II叶绿素蛋白质复合物的相对含量,以及PS I和PS II的多肽均有影响。 Ca2+对叶绿体膜表层的流动性影响不大,但降低了叶绿体膜深层脂质分子的流动性。从另一个角度阐明了Ca2+抑制光能从PS II向PS I传递的机制。 Ca2+可使PS I的21,23,110KD的多肽转移至PS II,LHCP1和LHCP2中的CF1的两个亚基(55,60KD)转至CPa和LHCP3,从而增加了PS II的捕光截面,引起激发能在两个系统之间的分配的改变。 用免疫学方法可以证明CPIa2和LHCP2的Ab为复合抗体,CPIa1的Ab为单抗,我们可以推测向日葵的不同叶绿素蛋白质复合物具有同源性。

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黑碳(BC)是生物质和化石燃料不完全燃烧产生的高度聚合的碳质混合物,包括木炭 (char/charcoal)和烟炱碳(soot)等形式。黑碳产生后大部分储存在燃烧原地,而烟炱碳 由于粒径较小,易进入大气,滞留一到数周后回到地表。部分土壤黑碳随河流和大气的搬 运作用进入海洋环境,主要汇集在海岸带沉积物中。由于黑碳涉及到气候变化、碳循环、 环境危害、人体健康等诸多问题而成为当前气候与环境领域的研究热点。黑碳在环境介质 中比较稳定,因而可以较好的指示人类能源使用及其对环境质量的影响;同时黑碳具有很 强的吸附性,能显著影响周围介质中持久性有机污染物(如多环芳烃等)的赋存状态和生态 毒理效应。 多环芳烃(PAHs)是指两个或两个以上的苯环以稠环形式结合的芳香族化合物,主要 来源于含碳物质的不完全燃烧过程,在环境中广泛存在。由于PAHs 具有潜在的致癌性、 致畸性和致突变性(“三致”效应)而在环境研究领域中备受关注。另外由于具有主体的 同源性,PAHs 可以指示BC 的来源和环境过程。 海岸带沉积物是包括BC 和PAHs 在内的众多污染物在环境地球化学迁移过程中的主 要载体和归宿,由于受到陆地和海洋双重作用,海岸带对环境污染物尤其敏感。环渤海地 区是我国北方的社会经济中心,工业、农业和交通发达、人口稠密,污染严重。前人的研 究表明渤海湾的BC 和PAHs 污染程度明显高于我国其他海岸带,但受限制于采样区域和 样品数量,不能全面地反应BC 和PAHs 在渤海湾海岸带的分布状况及人类活动对海岸带 环境质量的影响。 本次研究在渤海湾海岸带潮间带、近海及主要入海河流系统布设了多条采样剖面,采 集表层沉积物样品85 个。首先,对国际上较为常用的化学热氧化法(CTO-375)处理沉积 物黑碳样品的方法进行了比对实验和优化,然后对全部样品进行黑碳分析;利用GC-MS 方法对样品中的PAHs(USEPA 的16 种优控物)进行了定量检测;对全部沉积物样品还进 行了粒度分析。 结果表明,该区域内黑碳的含量为0.09 到22.8 mg/g dw,其中,潮间带样品的BC 平 均含量为0.52 ± 0.39 mg/g dw,近海样品为0.84 ± 0.38 mg/g dw,河流样品(海河样品除外) 为1.88 ± 0.89 mg/g dw。BC占总有机碳的比例在潮间带、近海、河流区域分别为18.4 ± 8.3%、 14.5 ± 5.3%、14.2 ± 4.1%。潮间带黑碳存在明显的“北高南低”的趋势(以天津港码头和 海河为界),与近海和河流样品的BC 浓度有相似的变化趋势,反映了BC 在海岸带的运移 扩散具有一定的继承性;河流输入可能是近岸沉积物BC 的主要来源。同时,潮间带沉积 物粒度分析结果表明“北区细”(以粘土质粉砂主)而“南区粗”(以砂为主),反映了两个区 域不同的水动力条件和沉积环境,可能是造成BC 浓度空间分异的主要原因。 摘要 II 多环芳烃的含量分布为33.1-7658.7 ng/g dw,其中,潮间带样品的PAHs 平均含量为 147.0 ng/g dw,近海样品为170.9 ng/g dw,河流样品(海河样品除外)为1228.5 ng/g dw。 主要成分均为三环和四环多环芳烃。PAHs 也呈现出了与BC 相似的“北高南低”的趋势, 多环芳烃与黑碳的相关性研究表明两者相关性较好(R2=0.59),表明多环芳烃和黑碳的同 源性和继承性。运用比值法(菲/蒽,荧蒽/芘,低环/高环等)对多环芳烃的来源解析显示, 整个研究区域内多环芳烃主要为燃烧源。

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本实用新型涉及一种大功率高稳定度直流稳流软开关电源,该电源包括软开关变换单元及其开关管驱动单元、传感器、高精度放大器单元、移相控制单元;该电源充分吸收了现有软开关电源技术的优点,但在现有的软开关电源的基础上合理地设置电容、电感的位置,并将软开关电路的输出信号采用原边并联、副边串联的变压器作电源输出放大器;另还在放大器控制单元采用放大器相频特性和电流传感器干扰信号的补偿技术和移相控制器的动态性能的补偿技术,使软开关电源技术与大功率、高稳定度稳流稳压技术有机地结合在一起。

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为了探讨早期饲养环境对成年后大鼠条件化恐惧的影响,实验采用巴氏恐惧条件化的方法对不同饲养环境下的大鼠进行了行为检测.具体操作为:把断奶后的大鼠饲养在3个不同的人工控制的环境中(丰富环境、社群环境和贫瘠环境);8周后进行恐惧条件化训练和测试(指标为僵直百分比),以及检测不同饲养环境下的大鼠的体重、自发活动和足部电击敏感性.结果显示:与社群组相比,丰富组的大鼠条件化僵直水平明显增加,而贫瘠组的明显减少;丰富和贫瘠环境明显的影响了大鼠的体重;不同环境对自发活动和足部电击敏感性没有影响.这些结果说明幼年期的丰富环境能提高成年后大鼠的由声音诱发的条件化恐惧反应,而贫瘠环境则削弱了这种反应.

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Background and objectives: Pentobarbital and ketamine are commonly used in animal experiments, including studies on the effects of ageing on the central nervous system. The electroencephalogram is a sensitive measure of brain activity. The present study i

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From June 2004 to December 2004, Lake Dianchi, which had large scale of cyanobacterial blooms was investigated in order to study P-fractionation in the suspended matter and the sediment. The investigation improves our understanding of phosphorus in Lake Dianchi and the relationship between phosphorus and cyanobacterial blooms. It contributes to the available literature on the behavior of P in hypertrophic lakes. The distribution of P-fractions in Lake Dianchi was not uniform from northwest to south, but was closely related to the trophic status of the whole lake. The concentrations of total phosphorus, labile P (NH4Cl-P), Organic P (NaOH-NRP) and loss on ignition in suspended matter were positively correlated with the strength of cyanobacterial blooms. Total phosphorus in suspended matter was relatively stable for almost half an year and closely related to Chl. a concentration. The main content of organic phosphorus is in the cyanobacterial blooms. The concentrations of phosphorus bound to metal oxides and carbonates (NaOH-SRP and HCl-P) in sediment were similar to NaOH-SRP and HCl-P in the corresponding suspended matter. The latter two forms of P in suspended matter were not affected by cyanobacterial blooms, indicating that the inorganic phosphorus is derived from the sediment after resuspension from the sediment due to wind and wave action. The contribution of the different P-fractions to TP in sediment and in suspended matter indicates that NH4Cl-P in the suspended matter is an important buffer for maintaining dissolved phosphorus in water.