45 resultados para 1131


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Structural relaxation through isothermal annealing at tempertature below glass transition is conducted on Zr46.75Ti8.25Cu7.5Ni10Be27.5 (Vitreloy-4) bulk metallic glass. Defect concentration is correlated with the annealing time t according to differential scanning calorimetry thermalgrams. The effects of structural relaxation on mechanical properties and deformation behaviour are investigated by using instrumented nanoindentation. It is found that as-cast alloy exhibits pronounced serration flow during the loading process of nanoindentation, and the size and number of serrations decrease with the annealing time. The change of the deformation behaviour with structural relaxation is explained using a free volume model.

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The shear strength of soils or rocks developed in a landslide usually exhibits anisotropic and nonlinear behavior. The process of sedimentation and subsequent consolidation can cause anisotropy of sedimentary soils or rocks, for instance. Nonlinearity of failure envelope could be attributed to "interlocking" or "dilatancy" of the material, which is generally dependent upon the stress level. An analytical method considering both anisotropy and nonlinearity of the failure envelops of soil and rocks is presented in the paper. The nonlinearfailure envelopes can be determined from routine triaxial tests. A spreadsheet program, which uses the Janbu's Generalized Procedure of Slice and incorporates anisotropic, illustrates the implementation of the approach and nonlinearfailure envelops. In the analysis, an equivalent Mohr-Coulomb linear failure criterion is obtained by drawing a tangent to the nonlinear envelope of an anisotropic soil at an appropriate stress level. An illustrative example is presented to show the feasibility and numerical efficiency of the method.

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利用一维耦合波理论研究了入射方向相互垂直的一束平面波与一束柱面波干涉形成光折变局域体全息光栅的波前转换情况。给出了透射波和衍射波振幅的解析表达式。讨论了该局域体全息光栅的几何尺寸以及全息透镜的焦距对光栅衍射效率的影响。结果表明,随着光栅横向尺寸的增加,光栅的衍射效率也逐渐增加。然而,光栅的衍射效率却随着光栅纵向尺寸的增加而减小。全息透镜的焦距越长,光栅的衍射效率也越大。此外,分析了光栅的布拉格选择特性,该光栅具有非常好的角度选择特性。在平面波与柱面波干涉形成全息透镜的设计中,为了获得最优的衍射效率,应当根

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蓝光光存储是信息存储领域发展的一个重要方向。测试系统是研究蓝光光存储材料的必备条件,为建立蓝光光存储研究平台,设计和搭建了一套模块化蓝光光存储性能静态测试系统。激光工作波长为406.7nm。系统采用调制解调技术降低系统噪声,提高测量粘度:采用光点移动模式降低对样品尺寸的要求;采用纳米平台提高记录点的反复定位性能。实验结果证明测试系统性能良好,可以满足蓝光光存储性能静态测试要求。

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利用射频磁控溅射法室温下在Si(100)衬底上制备了N掺杂的TiO2薄膜,并且采用x射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和透射光谱对薄膜进行了表征。XRD结果表明在纯Ar和N2(33.3%)/Ar气氛下制备的TiO2-xNx薄膜均为单一的金红石相,薄膜结晶性良好,呈高度(211)择优取向,而在N2(50.0%)/Ar下制备的薄膜结晶性明显变差;对于N掺杂的TiO2薄膜,XPS表明部分N原子进入TiO2晶格,并且以N—Ti—O、N—O键以及间隙式N原子形式存在;透射光谱表明掺N后的TiO2薄膜吸收边发生了红移。

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本文以全球变化对绿洲水文循环影响为主线,分析了地处干旱区的绿洲在全球变化下的演变趋势。以塔里木盆地北部渭干河绿洲为例,探讨了其水量平衡、非灌溉土壤积盐特性、隐域性盐化草甸植被NPP,以及绿洲土地利用/覆被变化对全球变化的响应。从不同时间尺度上分析了全球变化的两大驱动因子,气候变化和人类活动对绿洲演化的影响。运用系统动力学模型模拟了未来30年绿洲土地覆被变化在上述两驱动因子的作用下的动态演变过程。其主要结论如下: 1、从生态学的角度,绿洲可定义为:存在于干旱、半干旱区的依赖于水源而生存的隐域性绿色景观.地质时期,绿洲的演化由气候等自然因子起决定作用;人类历史时期,在气候等自然因素的大背景下,人类活动对绿洲演变的作用越来越大;近百年来,绿洲的演变则主要受人为活动干扰。 2、在不改变绿洲现有土地利用格局和水资源利用率的情况下,当年平均气温升高2.5℃,无论降水增加200%或不增加,绿洲的水资源量都将出现负平衡,全球变化将使绿洲面临更为严重的水资源短缺。 3、绿洲自然土壤0-5 0cm土层积盐速率对全球变化的响应程度依地下水埋深的大小而有所差异。地下水埋深较小,积盐速率随温度的升高增加较明显;地下水埋深较大时,积盐速率变化不明显。当地下水埋深>2m,地表积盐速率不再随气候变化而变化.地下水埋深h=2m为渭干河绿洲非灌溉土壤地表积盐速率对全球变化响应的临界深度。 4、根据绿洲地下水埋深与植被NPP的相关关系,推导出了估算盐化草甸植被NPP的模型: NPP=-O. 991+0. 0005Eo (h-0. 25h^2+0. 021h^3) +5. 276EXP (-0. 651h) 并分别估算了当前及全球变化下的NPP值。盐化草甸植被NPP随地下水埋深的增加呈指数下降。全球变化下,地下水埋深较大时,NPP的增加较明显;地下水埋深较小时,NPP的增加不明显。 5、灵敏度分析表明:NPP对地下水埋深h的变化比对地下水矿化度变化为更敏感。h=3. 3m为渭干河绿洲盐化草甸植被的胁迫深度。 6、系统动力学模型模拟表明,渭干河绿洲耕地面积的增减受水资源利用率和人口数量变化的制约。全球变化下,由于水文状况的改变,未来30年将导致绿洲耕地面积增幅下降4. 5-5.1%。绿洲水文状况和人口数量变化是决定土地利用格局变化的关键驱动因素。 7、绿洲灌溉土地的优化模式为,耕地:林地:改良草地=70: 23:7;种植业(耕地)内部的比例为,粮食作物:经济作物:人工草地=46: 31: 23。

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本发明涉及一种气体传感器,特别是一种用于检测二氧化氮气体的气体传感器及其制备。栅绝缘层上设表面修饰层和功能层;源电极和漏电极分别连接于功能层,功能层以n型有机半导体材料氟取代酞菁金属化合物为原料。本发明利用有机半导体材料取代无机半导体材料作为器件的功能层,在灵敏度和响应速度主要性能均达到目前市场上无机产品的同时,该二氧化氮气体传感器在制作工艺上也大为简化,只需将修饰好的基片采用一次性真空蒸镀的方法制备器件的功能层和源漏电极即完成了整个器件的制作,制备条件温和,制作周期缩短

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Microcephalin gene is one of the major players in regulating human brain development. It was reported that truncated mutations in this gene can cause primary microcephaly in humans with a brain size comparable with that of early hominids. We studied the m

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RNAi(RNA interference)为研究未知功能基因提供了新的反向遗传学手段;并能应用于人类的基因治疗。文中就RNAi的研究进展、作用机制及其应用进行了评述,并与基因敲除及反义RNA抑制进行了比较。

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目的 克隆和分析荧光素再生酶基因(LRE).方法 通过GeneBank中已知的荧光素再生酶基因保守区段设计引物,利用5'RACE(rapid-amplification of cDNA ends)和3'RACE技术克隆了来自云南省两双版纳州的卵黄萤(Luciola ovalis)荧光素再生酶基因cDNA和全基因序列.通过GeneBank、National Center for Bioteclmology Information和ProDom at the ExPASy Server软件和数据库进行序列分析.结果 卵黄萤荧光素再牛酶的cDNA序列和基因序列存在2个不同碱基位点,但是它们编码的荧光素再生酶是相同的.卵黄萤荧光素再生酶基因全长(从起始密码子到终止密码子)为1131 bp,包含5个外显子4个内含子,其cDNA 序列为1008 bp,包含924bp的荧光素酶基因开放阅读框和84 bp的3'UTR序列.卵黄萤荧光素酶基因的开放阅读框编码1个307个氨基酸的蛋白质.它与北美萤火虫(Photinus pyralis)荧光素再生酶在碱基序列和氨基酸序列上分别有61.8%和53.3%的相似性.结论 成功地克隆了荧光素再生酶的cDNA和基因序列,为其在基因工程中的应用奠定了基础.

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2005年3月-7月对南充市金翅雀的繁殖生态进行了研究.结果表明:金翅雀3月开始繁殖;雌雄共同筑巢,营巢期4-5d;窝卵数:3.67±0.58(n=3),孵化率63.64%;雌孵卵,孵卵期12-13d,孵卵期间食物由雄鸟提供;双亲共同育雏,育雏期14-15d.雏鸟生长曲线呈“S”型.

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采用RT-PCR的方法,以不同发育时期的鲤鱼胚胎和幼鱼为材料,研究了与鱼类生殖相关的HPG轴以及与生长相关的GH/IGF轴中GnRH、GtH以及GH、GHR和IGF重要信号分子的转录起始特征。结果显示,sGnRH、cGnRH、GtH-Iβ亚基和GHR于鲤鱼胚胎受精后20h开始转录,IGF-1于受精后23h开始转录,GtH-IIβ亚基于受精后26h开始转录,GtHα亚基于受精后46h开始转录,GH于1dph(孵出后第1天)开始转录。其中,GHR和IGF-1均早于GH开始转录,GtHα亚基和β亚基的转录起始时

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We have observed an extremely narrow absorption spectrum due to bound-to-continuum transition in GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs multiple quantum wells (MQWs). Its linewidth is only about one tenth of the values reported previously. Our calculation indicates that the broadening of the excited state in the continuum has little contribution to the absorption linewidth. We have grown a sample whose MQW region contains two kinds of wells with a minor thickness inhomogeneity. Its resultant absorption linewidth is six times as large as that of homogeneous well sample, which is in good agreement with our theoretical analysis. Thus we can suggest that the wider absorption spectra reported by many authors may be due to the well width inhomogeneity. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(98)03430-5]