Reflexiones en torno a las formas de implantación de empresas extranjeras en Cuba (especial referencia al derecho español)

En los años 90, con la caída del comunismo, Cuba perdió los mercados de los que importaba gran parte de sus bienes tanto de equipo como de consumo. Esta situación fue el punto de partida de numerosas reformas legislativas cuya fi nalidad era hacer atractiva la inversión por parte de empresas provenientes de países con un sistema político distinto. Sin embargo, el Gobierno cubano analiza caso por caso cada forma de inversión extranjera y solamente se autoriza si favorece el desarrollo del país y respeta la soberanía y la independencia nacionales. La forma de implantación más estable es crear una sucursal desde la que se pueden gestionar toda clase de negocios e inversiones que pueden tener forma de contrato de depósito bajo régimen de aduana, o consignación en almacén cubano. Sin embargo la forma más duradera y que permite una mayor penetración del mercado es la asociación con otra empresa cubana sea a través del contrato de producción cooperada o de la joint-venture en su forma contractual o societaria.

Antioxidant defense system and family environment in adolescents with family history of psychosis

[EN] Our objective was to determine antioxidant defence activity in healthy controls (HC) and healthy unaffected second-degree relatives of patients with early onset psychosis (HC-FHP),and to assess its relationship with familiar environment measured using the Family Environment Scale (FES). Methods: We included 82 HC and 14 HC-FHP aged between 9 and 17 years. Total antioxidant status,lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activities and glutathione levels were determined in blood samples. Results:There was a significant decrease in the total antioxidant level in the HC-FHP group compared with the HC group (OR = 2.94; p = 0.009), but no between-group differences in the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale scores. For the FES, the HC-FHP group had significantly higher scores in the cohesion (p = 0.007) and intellectual-cultural dimensions (p=0.025). After adjusting for these two FES dimensions, total antioxidant status remained significantly different between groups (OR = 10.86, p = 0.009).

Lessons from History for Transitions to a Low Carbon Economy

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Analysis and evaluation of public health policy in Cuba : progress on millennium development goals

[EN] The main objective of this project is to analyze Cuban public health policy and the Millennium Development Goals, especially those linked to the issue of health, presenting their potential and strengths with a well-defined time horizon (2000-2015). The Millennium Development Goals are the international consensus on development and was signed as an international minimum agreement, with which began the century. The MDGs promote various goals and targets, with the corresponding monitoring indicators, which should be achieved by all countries for the present year. Health is an area that is at the center of the Millennium Development Goals, which reinforce each other to get a true human development itself. The research was done through theoretical frameworks of social production of health and disease, social justice and the power structure. A retrospective analysis of Cuban economic and social context is performed in order to study whether health-related MDGs are likely to be completed by the deadline on the island and likewise, the main parameters related to health compared with those of the neighboring countries in the Americas.

El impacto de la Guerra de Cuba en la economía española, 1890-1913

[ES] El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el impacto real que supuso para la economía española la pérdida de las últimas colonias, y en concreto, Cuba, y la visión que los economistas de la época tuvieron sobre este hecho. Para ello, me he centrado en los análisis de esos economistas, y he analizado datos estadísticos económicos de aquella época. Para concluir que, el impacto de este suceso en el desarrollo económico, no fue negativo, y que incluso en los años posteriores a la guerra, la economía creció en diferentes sectores. Fue un hecho que marcó el devenir del país y por el que se inició el trabajo de recuperación y desarrollo económico.

"Heroes" and "Villains" of World History across Cultures

Emergent properties of global political culture were examined using data from the World History Survey (WHS) involving 6,902 university students in 37 countries evaluating 40 figures from world history. Multidimensional scaling and factor analysis techniques found only limited forms of universality in evaluations across Western, Catholic/Orthodox, Muslim, and Asian country clusters. The highest consensus across cultures involved scientific innovators, with Einstein having the most positive evaluation overall. Peaceful humanitarians like Mother Theresa and Gandhi followed. There was much less cross-cultural consistency in the evaluation of negative figures, led by Hitler, Osama bin Laden, and Saddam Hussein. After more traditional empirical methods (e.g., factor analysis) failed to identify meaningful cross-cultural patterns, Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was used to identify four global representational profiles: Secular and Religious Idealists were overwhelmingly prevalent in Christian countries, and Political Realists were common in Muslim and Asian countries. We discuss possible consequences and interpretations of these different representational profiles.