14 resultados para Constitución nacional


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Fecha: 2-1975 / Unidad de instalación: Carpeta 48 - Expediente 7-13 / Nº de pág.: 5 (mecanografiadas)

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The territory of the European Union is made up of a rich and wide-ranging universe of languages, which is not circumscribed to the «State languages». The existence of multilingualism is one of Europe’s defining characteristics and it should remain so in the constantly evolving model of Europe’s political structure. Nonetheless, until now, the official use of languages has been limited to the «State languages» and has been based on a concept of state monolingualism that has led to a first level of hierarchization among the languages of Europe. This has affected the very concept of European language diversity. The draft of the treaty establishing a European Constitution contains various language-related references that can be grouped in two major categories: on the one hand, those references having to do the constitutional status of languages, and on the other, those regarding the recognition of European language diversity. Both issues are dealt with in this article. In analyzing the legal regime governing languages set forth in the draft of the constitutional treaty, we note that the draft is not based on the concept of the official status of languages. The language regulation contained in the draft of the constitutional treaty is limited in character. The constitutional language regime is based on the concept of Constitutional languages but the official status of languages is not governed by this rule. The European Constitution merely enunciates rights governing language use for European citizens vis-à-vis the languages of the Constitution and refers the regulation of the official status of languages to the Council, which is empowered to set and modify that status by unanimous decision. Because of its broad scope, this constitutes a regulatory reservation. In the final phase of the negotiation process a second level of constitutional recognition of languages would be introduced, linked to those that are official languages in the member states (Catalan, Basque, Galician, etc.). These languages, however, would be excluded from the right to petition; they would constitute a tertium genus, an intermediate category between the lan guages benefiting from the language rights recognized under the Constitution and those other languages for which no status is recognized in the European institutional context. The legal functionality of this second, intermediate category will depend on the development of standards, i.e., it will depend on the entrée provided such languages in future reforms of the institutional language regime. In a later section, the article reflects on European Union language policy with regard to regional or minority languages, concluding that the Union has not acted in accordance with defined language policy guidelines when it has been confronted, in the exercise of its powers, with regional or minority languages (or domestic legislation having to do with language demands). The Court of Justice has endeavoured to resolve on a case by case basis the conflicts raised between community freedoms and the normative measures that protect languages. Thus, using case law, the Court has set certain language boundaries for community freedoms. The article concludes by reflecting on the legal scope of the recognition of European language diversity referred to in Article II-82 of the European Constitution and the possible measures to implement the precept that might constitute the definition of a true European language policy on regional or minority languages. Such a policy has yet to be defined.

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Ejemplar dedicado a: "La ecúmene romana: espacios de integración y exclusión".

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Santamaría, José Miguel; Pajares, Eterio; Olsen, Vickie; Merino, Raquel; Eguíluz, Federico (eds.)

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Las entidades sin fines de lucro constituyen unas de las figuras más importantes de nuestro entorno. Su existencia es imprescindible ya que atienden a las necesidades de la sociedad. Desempeñan infinidad de actividades que contribuyen al bienestar social, al desarrollo de países, a la protección del medio ambiente, etc. El Sector No Lucrativo presenta peculiaridades que lo diferencian del resto de entidades pertenecientes al Mercado y al Sector Público. Estas características han de ser consideradas por las mismas a la hora de desempeñar sus actividades y de satisfacer a las demandas de información de los usuarios. La rendición de cuentas es fundamental para las ESFL, sin embargo, la normativa legal se ciñe únicamente sobre el área económico-financiera, dejando sin cubrir el resto de áreas de la entidad. Informar sobre el área social supone una labor esencial para este tipo de entidades, dado el impacto que producen sobre la sociedad. En el presente estudio se analizarán las mencionadas particularidades de las ESFL y se estudiarán un conjunto de mecanismos voluntarios que las entidades del Sector pueden emplear con el fin de mostrar transparencia en su gestión y atender a las necesidades de los usuarios.

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1 carta (mecanografiada) ; 210x200mm

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1 carta (mecanografiada) ; 200x180mm

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El trabajo se ocupa de la problemática de la ciudadanía, encuanto que relación de pertenencia a la comunidad política, en el marco de la construcción del Estado brasileño y consiguiente formación de la identidad nacional. Tras una contextualización de las cuestiones a tratar, Por un lado, se caracteriza la ciudadnía sustantivamente, considerando cuáles son los derechos de los ciudadanos y las garantías constitucionales. Por otro lado se identifica quién es "ciudadano" en el Imperio, analizando la distinta situación al respecto de "los que llegaron" (portugueses), "los traidos" (negros) y "los que estaban" (indígenas). Se concluye con un epílogo que temáticamente tiene entidad por sí mismo, atendiendo al cambio de modelo de ciudadanía introducido finalmente por la constitución de 1988.

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Fecha: 7-7-1971. Unidad de instalación, Carpeta Rectorado H-1. 1 recorte de prensa