Resveratrol: Anti-Obesity Mechanisms of Action

Resveratrol is a non-flavonoid polyphenol which belongs to the stilbenes group and is produced naturally in several plants in response to injury or fungal attack. Resveratrol has been recently reported as preventing obesity. The present review aims to compile the evidence concerning the potential mechanisms of action which underlie the anti-obesity effects of resveratrol, obtained either in cultured cells lines and animal models. Published studies demonstrate that resveratrol has an anti-adipogenic effect. A good consensus concerning the involvement of a down-regulation of C/EBPa and PPAR. in this effect has been reached. Also, in vitro studies have demonstrated that resveratrol can increase apoptosis in mature adipocytes. Furthermore, different metabolic pathways involved in triacylglycerol metabolism in white adipose tissue have been shown to be targets for resveratrol. Both the inhibition of de novo lipogenesis and adipose tissue fatty acid uptake mediated by lipoprotein lipase play a role in explaining the reduction in body fat which resveratrol induces. As far as lipolysis is concerned, although this compound per se seems to be unable to induce lipolysis, it increases lipid mobilization stimulated by beta-adrenergic agents. The increase in brown adipose tissue thermogenesis, and consequently the associated energy dissipation, can contribute to explaining the body-fat lowering effect of resveratrol. In addition to its effects on adipose tissue, resveratrol can also acts on other organs and tissues. Thus, it increases mitochondriogenesis and consequently fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle and liver. This effect can also contribute to the body-fat lowering effect of this molecule.

Rapid determination of total CLA concentration in beef fat

[EN]Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has many potential healthful properties, and beef is naturally enriched with CLA. Simple and rapid methods to measure total CLA were investigated to enable sorting of beef carcasses with potential enhanced economic value. Direct alcohol extraction combined with measuring absorbance was simple, accurate and perhaps the most viable method for rapid carcass sorting compared to methods using saponification or methylation followed by extraction.

Subcutaneous fat composition of youthful and mature Canadian beef: emphasis on individual conjugated linoleic acid and trans-18:1 isomers

[EN]A comprehensive evaluation of the fatty acid composition of subcutaneous adipose tissue from beef cattle produced in western Canada was undertaken to determine if the current Canadian grading system is able to distinguish classes of animals with value added potential due to their fatty acid composition. Grades included youthful Canadian Yield Grade 1 A/AA beef, under (YUTM) and over (YOTM) 30 mo of age and the four mature grades (D1, D2, D2 and D4). Subcutaneous fat between the 12th and 13th ribs over the longissimus muscle was obtained from 18_21 animals per grade. Fatty acids were analyzed using a combination of silver-ion HPLC and GC with a highly polar 100 m column. There were no differences in total trans-18:1 content amongst grades, but adipose tissue from grade D1, D2 and D4 had more 11t-18:1 than YUTM (PB0.05), whereas adipose tissue from YUTM carcasses had more 10t-18:1 than all other grades (PB0.05). Adipose tissue from YUTM carcasses also had less total CLA (PB0.05) than the D grades, mainly due to a lower level of 9c,11t-CLA, but they had slightly more 7t,9c-CLA and 10t,12c-CLA (PB0.05). Adipose tissue from YOTM and D grades contained more n-3 fatty acids relative to YUTM (0.56% vs. 0.29%; PB0.05) and lower n-6:n-3 ratios (PB0.05). Overall, older animals (YOTM and D grades) had adipose tissue compositions with higher levels of fatty acids with reported health benefits. Taken together, these higher levels may provide opportunities for value added marketing if regulatory authorities allow claims for their enrichment based on demonstrated health benefits. Higher concentrations of beneficial fatty acids, however, need to be considered within the context of the complete fatty acid profile and it would be important to demonstrate their advantages in the presence of relatively high levels of saturated fatty acids.

Phenotypic correlations of fatty acid composition among intramuscular, subcutaneous and intermuscular fat tissues in concentrate-fed beef cattle of differing genotypes

[EN]In an attempt to predict intramuscular fatty acid composition using easily accessible fat depots, between-tissue correlations were studied in 75 Asturiana de los Valles bulls with different levels of muscular hypertrophy, and 25 Asturiana de la Montan˜ a bulls. Trans-18:1 in intramuscular fat was highly and positively correlated with levels in subcutaneous and intermuscular fats, while levels of total n-3 were not correlated. Predicting intramuscular fatty acid composition using easily accessible depots is thus possible for some fatty acids exhibiting high between-tissue correlations (e.g., trans-18:1) but breed and tissue specific deposition may limit this for others (e.g., n-3 fatty acids).

Un episodio de “estilización” de la política antirrepublicana: la fiesta de San Francisco Javier de 1931 en Pamplona

[ES] Estudio de caso (Fiesta de S. Francisco en Pamplona, Navarra) del modo en que la derecha conservadora española (Bloque de Derechas) y los radicales (carlistas) emplearon densos elementos identificadores (“identidad”) de lo local (Navarra-España) y católica para generar actitudes y adhesiones políticas antirrepublicanas.

Recognition of Membrane-Bound Fusion-Peptide/MPER Complexes by the HIV-1 Neutralizing 2F5 Antibody : Implications for Anti-2F5 Immunogenicity

13 p.

1987: Resistance (anti-Baudrillard)

Ponencia leída en el Foro de Comunicaciones IkasArt II (BEC Barakaldo, 2010.06.17)

Why are we fat? Discussions on the socioeconomic dimensions and responses to obesity

This paper draws together contributions to a scientific table discussion on obesity at the European Science Open Forum 2008 which took place in Barcelona, Spain. Socioeconomic dimensions of global obesity, including those factors promoting it, those surrounding the social perceptions of obesity and those related to integral public health solutions, are discussed. It argues that although scientific accounts of obesity point to large-scale changes in dietary and physical environments, media representations of obesity, which context public policy, pre-eminently follow individualistic models of explanation. While the debate at the forum brought together a diversity of views, all the contributors agreed that this was a global issue requiring an equally global response. Furthermore, an integrated ecological model of obesity proposes that to be effective, policy will need to address not only human health but also planetary health, and that therefore, public health and environmental policies coincide.

ATTITUDES TOWARDS BILINGUALISM AND BASQUE IN RIOJA ALAVESA

Ikerketa honetan, aspalditik euskara mintza-hizkuntza izan ez duen komunitate batean ¿Arabako Errioxan¿ euskara biziberritzeko politikek ekarri dituzten ondorioetako batzuk aztertu dira. Ikerketa honen aztergai nagusia elebitasunaren eta euskararen inguruko jarrerak dira. Jarrera orokorrak jasotzeaz gain, hizkuntza-ereduek, gaitasunarekin eta erabilerarekin lotutako zenbait hizkuntza-aldagaik eta aldagai psikosozial batzuek ¿bizindarra, identitatea, euskal hiztunekiko harremana¿ jarrerekin duten erlazioa aztertu da.Metodo kualitatiboak eta kuantitatiboak baliatu dira ikerketa honetan. Elkarrizketen eta behaketaren bidez, Arabako Errioxako bizilagunen ikuspegiak atzeman nahi izan dira. Galdesortak erabili ziren, berriz, eskualdeko ikasleen datuak biltzeko.Azterlanaren alderdi berritzaile bat da jarrerek denboran zehar duten bilakaeran sakontzen duela. Ikerketa bi fasetan egin da, zortzi urteko denbora-tarteaz (2001ean eta 2009an). Lehen fasean, analisi kualitatiboak eta kuantitatiboak egin ziren ikerketaren testuinguru zabala atzemate aldera. Bigarren fasean analisi kuantitatiboak soilik egin ziren, eta fase bakoitzean neur-tresna bera erabili zen, konparaketa erraztearren.Ikerlan honen ondorio nagusietako bat da ikasleek oro har jarrera positiboak dituztela, hala elebitasunarekiko nola euskararekiko. Ikasleek era bertsuan erantzun zuten 2001ean eta 2009an, nahiz eta euskararen aldeko jarrerak apalxeagoak ziren 2009an. Ereduei dagokienez, jarrera positiboenak D ereduko ikasleek dituzte, eta epelenak A eredukoek. Oro har emaitzek erakusten dute korrelazioa dagoela aztertutako aldagai linguistiko zein psikosozialen eta jarreren artean. Jarrerekin korrelazio indartsua dute, besteak beste, euskara erabiltzeko nahiak eta identitateari lotutako aldagaiek.

Current Approaches for Predicting a Lack of Response to Anti-EGFR Therapy in KRAS Wild-Type Patients

Targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been one of the most effective colorectal cancer strategies. Anti-EGFR antibodies function by binding to the extracellular domain of EGFR, preventing its activation, and ultimately providing clinical benefit. KRAS mutations in codons 12 and 13 are recognized prognostic and predictive biomarkers that should be analyzed at the clinic prior to the administration of anti-EGFR therapy. However, still an important fraction of KRAS wild-type patients do not respond to the treatment. The identification of additional genetic determinants of primary or secondary resistance to EGFR targeted therapy for further improving the selection of patients is urgent. Herein, we review the latest published literature highlighting the most important genes that may predict resistance to anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies in colorectal cancer patients. According to the available findings, the evaluation of BRAF, NRAS, PIK3CA, and PTEN status could be the right strategy to select patients who are likely to respond to anti-EGFR therapies. In the future, the combination of those biomarkers will help establish consensus that can be introduced into clinical practice.

4E10 anti-mper antigorputzaren optimizazioa: CDR-H3 begiztaren aldaketen ebaluazioa

VIH-ren fusioa inhibitzeko gai diren antigorputzen adierazpena eta purifikazioa bakterietan. Funtzionaltasunaren analisia (ITC eta pseudobirusak erabiliz egindako neutralizazio saioak) eta optimizazioa.