Apuntes jurídicos sobre el paisaje lingüístico en Euskal Herria

This paper is a study of place-names and signs in the Basque Country from the point of view of language law. These are matters that relate to both the status and corpus of language and contribute to the formation of the language landscape,» After a brief historical introduction, the author focuses on the factors that bear on signs and the language 1andscape: the cornpetence factor and the language factor. The description of the latter leads the author to a discussion of the existing language system, in which the Spanish and Basque sharing official status does not necessarily entail the obligation to use both languages at the same time. Using this discussion as a frame of reference, the au- thor analyses place-names, traffic signals and signs. As for place-names, the existing rules are deemed rigid and lacking in ambition, in that they do not pursue the dissemination of official Basque forms. In traffic signaIs, Basque has to appear alongside Spanish, which is required by Spanish legislation, although this bilingualism excludes place-names that have an official Basque form only. With regard to signs, the author analyses public premises, companies licensed to provide public services and the private sector. For public premises there is no specific regulation, but the status of Basque as an autochthonous language, together with the identification and informatíon purposes of signs, could support the exclusive use of this language, According to the author , companies licensed to provide public services should observe the same language system as the goverment and therefore promote the use of Basque. Finally, in the private sector, the author upholds the legitimacy of measures to promote Basque language use such as tax allowances and exemptions in advertising and commercial signs.

A review of travel time estimation and forecasting for advanced traveler information systems

Providing on line travel time information to commuters has become an important issue for Advanced Traveler Information Systems and Route Guidance Systems in the past years, due to the increasing traffic volume and congestion in the road networks. Travel time is one of the most useful traffic variables because it is more intuitive than other traffic variables such as flow, occupancy or density, and is useful for travelers in decision making. The aim of this paper is to present a global view of the literature on the modeling of travel time, introducing crucial concepts and giving a thorough classification of the existing tech- niques. Most of the attention will focus on travel time estimation and travel time prediction, which are generally not presented together. The main goals of these models, the study areas and methodologies used to carry out these tasks will be further explored and categorized.

Understanding Tariff Deficit and its Challenges

Regulators and market participants have become increasingly concerned about the Spanish electricity tariff deficit due to its size and the difficulties to control its growth. The deficit can be traced to inefficiencies in market organization and solutions should be designed to mitigate those inefficiencies. Tariff deficits have allowed for the transfer of part of the present costs of electricity services to future consumers, but this situation has reached a limit and a deep revision of regulation in this market cannot be postponed. In general, solutions that interfere with market prices and signals are not appropriate.

Unraveling Public Good Games: The Role of Priors

This paper provides experimental evidence on how players predict end game effects in a linear public good game. Our regression analysis yields a measure of the relative importance of priors and signals on subjects\' beliefs on contributions and allow us to conclude that, firstly, the weight of the signal is relatively unimportant, while priors have a large weight and, secondly, priors are the same for all periods. Hence, subjects do not expect end game effects and there is very little updating of beliefs.

Interfaz Gráfica para la Automatización y Gestión de Escenarios Experimentales (IGAGEE).

[ES]El sistema IGAGEE proporciona una solución integrada para facilitar la automatización de pruebas y la gestión de equipamiento y resultados en entornos experimentales de laboratorio. En este tipo de escenarios es necesario controlar elementos diversos de forma coordinada y manejar información compleja de configuración y resultados. El sistema IGAGEE permite: (a) resolver de forma adecuada la integración de las herramientas disponibles, (b) solucionar la organización de las configuraciones y resultados, (c) ofrecer una interfaz única a los usuarios para la gestión y visualización de datos y (d) resolver la gestión remota del equipamiento de pruebas. Se ha diseñado el sistema IGAGEE buscando soluciones generales aplicables a entornos diferentes. Para la validación de las propuestas de diseño se ha desarrollado un prototipo inicial atendiendo a las necesidades concretas del grupo de investigación NQaS en su línea de investigación sobre Análisis y Monitorización de Tráfico en red.

Hermenéutica de la astrología greco-romana

[ES] La astrología grecorromana es un código lingüístico con signos (planetas, signos del Zodíaco), y con leyes de interconexión entre ellos (eclíptica, aspectos, casas, límites), y ha de ser valorada no sólo desde la perspectiva de su cientificidad, sino desde la de sus funciones para el individuo y la sociedad: es un conocimiento del futuro singular que afecta a la totalidad de lo implicado, y en la totalidad de sus dimensiones. Suple así el conocimiento de la ciencia antigua, que no fue capaz de incluir ni lo futuro ni lo singular. La astrología integra al individuo en la comunidad, integrándolo previamente en su universo semántico. Cosmos, mundo humano y mundo natural se armonizan totalmente.