Role of G protein coupled inwardly rectifier K+ channels (GIRK) on the neurobiology depression

353 p��gs.

In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of a Folate-Targeted Copolymeric Submicrohydrogel Based on N-Isopropylacrylamide as 5-Fluorouracil Delivery System

Folate-targeted poly[(p-nitrophenyl acrylate)-co-(N-isopropylacrylamide)] nanohydrogel (F-SubMG) was loaded with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) to obtain low (16.3 +/- 1.9 mu g 5-FU/mg F-SubMG) and high (46.8 +/- 3.8 mu g 5-FU/mg F-SubMG) load 5-FU-loaded F-SubMGs. The complete in vitro drug release took place in 8 h. The cytotoxicity of unloaded F-SubMGs in MCF7 and HeLa cells was low; although it increased for high F-SubMG concentration. The administration of 10 mu M 5-FU by 5-FU-loaded F-SubMGs was effective on both cellular types. Cell uptake of F-SubMGs took place in both cell types, but it was higher in HeLa cells because they are folate receptor positive. After subcutaneous administration (28 mg 5-FU/kg b.w.) in Wistar rats, F-SubMGs were detected at the site of injection under the skin. Histological studies indicated that the F-SubMGs were surrounded by connective tissue, without any signs of rejections, even 60 days after injection. Pharmacokinetic study showed an increase in MRT (mean residence time) of 5-FU when the drug was administered by drug-loaded F-SubMGs.

Design and synthesis of biofunctional magnetic/fluorescent glyco-nanoparticles and quantum dots and their application as specific molecular imaging probes

206 p.

La gesti��n de las actividades musicales del G-9 en contextos de educaci��n fornal y no formal

479 p.

Dise��o e implementaci��n de un sistema para la validaci��n de la recomendaci��n G.1031 y P.1501 de la ITU-T

[ES]El objetivo principal de este trabajo es el dise��o y desarrollo de un sistema para la validaci��n de las metodolog��as propuestas en el borrador de recomendaci��n P.STMWeb [1] ���Metodolog��a para la evaluaci��n subjetiva de la calidad percibida en la navegaci��n web���. Como resultado de la validaci��n realizada con el sistema han sido aprobadas las recomendaciones G.1031 [5] ���Factores del QoE en web browsing��� y P.1501 [6] ���Metodolog��a de prueba subjetiva para web browsing��� de la ITU-T. El sistema propuesto se ha dise��ado en base a las especificaciones marcadas en el borrador de la recomendaci��n en v��as de estandarizaci��n [P.STMWeb].Estas especificaciones han servido de base para el dise��o e implementaci��n de un sistema que permite una navegaci��n web interactiva, con control y actualizaci��n de p��ginas web en base a variaciones de par��metros de red, como el retardo en un entorno controlado. As�� mismo siguiendo la metodolog��a establecida en el borrador de recomendaci��n anteriormente mencionado se ha dise��ado y desarrollado un sistema de encuestas para evaluar de forma subjetiva la calidad experimentada por los usuarios (QoE) en la navegaci��n web. Para el dise��o del sistema de encuestas, se analizaron y utilizaron como especificaciones los diferentes factores que se contemplan en el borrador de recomendaci��n G.QoE-Web [2] ���Factores relevantes y casos de uso para la QoE Web��� de la ITU-T. En base al dise��o realizado, se ha desarrollado un sistema que permite analizar la calidad experimentada por los usuarios en la navegaci��n Web.

Erlazio afektiboa sexualak espetxe garaian, askatasun (g)une?

Espetxearen iruditegia erabat maskulinoa den garai hauetan, emakumeak erdigunean jartzen dituen analisi feminista da ondorengoa. Espetxearen egunerokoan hain garrantzitsuak, baina aldi berean hain ikusezinak diren harreman afektibo sexualak aztertzea da helburu nagusia, emakume preso edo haien bikotekideak preso dituzten emakumeen testigantzak jasoz. Euskal preso politikoen kolektiboaren baitan egindako ikerketa honetan, jende gaztearen maitasun ereduez eta hauek espetxean duten eragin eta egoerez aritu gara.

Coincidence point theorems in quasi-metric spaces without assuming the mixed monotone property and consequences in G-metric spaces

In this paper, we present some coincidence point theorems in the setting of quasi-metric spaces that can be applied to operators which not necessarily have the mixed monotone property. As a consequence, we particularize our results to the field of metric spaces, partially ordered metric spaces and G-metric spaces, obtaining some very recent results. Finally, we show how to use our main theorems to obtain coupled, tripled, quadrupled and multidimensional coincidence point results.

MANAGEMENT: Historia y tendencias de la administraci��n de empresas desde sus or��genes hasta el nuevo estilo de relaciones de Koldo Saratxaga.

[ES]Este trabajo presenta la evoluci��n de la administraci��n de empresas desde sus primeras manifestaciones y recopila las teor��as y enfoques surgidos desde el siglo XIX hasta nuestros d��as, as�� como las ��ltimas tendencias en este ��mbito y el nuevo estilo de relaciones de Koldo Saratxaga.

Morphofunctional changes in a rat model of Parkinson's disease - Effects of neurotrophic factors administration

255 p.

Estudio de la Calidad Experimentada (QoE) en el Servicio de Navegaci��n Web: Contribuci��n a la Validaci��n de las Recomendaciones ITU-T P.1501 e ITU-T G.1031

Muchos de los servicios que hasta hace relativamente poco tiempo eran ofertados u��nicamente por los operadores de telecomunicaciones, han pasado en la actualidad a ser prestados por terceros gracias al modelo de servicios en la nube, impulsando el auge de este modelo frente al tradicional. Esto trae consigo un incremento en la complejidad en la implantacio��n por parte del proveedor de poli��ticas para la gestio��n de la QoS demandada por el cliente.En este nuevo escenario, el concepto de calidad de servicio ha venido evolucionando desde su definicio��n cla��sica, entendida como el ana��lisis objetivo de los indicadores intri��nsecos de calidad que definen el rendimiento de un servicio, hacia una visio��n subjetiva centrada en el punto de vista del cliente respecto a dicho servicio. En este contexto, organismos de estandarizacio��n como la ITU, a trave��s de sus grupos de trabajo, esta��n fomentando el interesante planteamiento de abordar los servicios de telecomunicaciones ampliamente asentados y ma��s que estudiados desde la vertiente cla��sica de la QoS, desde este nuevo prisma enfocado al cliente, en el que poder establecer una metodologi��a de estudio de la QoE en dichos servicios. En particular, el trabajo presentado en este documento se asienta en la validacio��n del draft de la recientemente aprobada recomendacio��n ITU-T P.1501 (Metodologi��a de test subjetiva para el servicio de navegacio��n web), asi�� como en la contribucio��n a la recomendacio��n G.1031 (Factores de QoE en el servicio de navegacio��n web).

FTY720 attenuates excitotoxicity and neuroinflammation

Background: FTY720 (fingolimod, Gilenya(TM)), a structural analog of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), is the first oral drug approved for treatment the relapsing-remitting form of multiple sclerosis (MS), and its efficacy has been related to induced lymphopenia and consequent immunosuppression via modulation of S1P(1) receptors (S1P(1)R). However, due to its lipophilic nature, FTY720 crosses the blood brain barrier (BBB) and could act directly on neural cells. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of FTY720 as a neuroprotective agent using in vitro and in vivo models of excitotoxic neuronal death and examined if FTY720 exerts a direct action on neurons, or/and an indirect modulation of inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration as a possible mechanism of neuroprotection. Methods: Primary neuronal and organotypic cortical cultures were treated with N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) to induce excitotoxic cell death (measured by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay or propidium iodide uptake, respectively). The effects of FTY720 treatment (10, 100 and 1,000 nM) on neuronal survival were examined. As an in vivo model of neuronal death and inflammation, we used intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of kainic acid (KA; 0.5 mu g/2 mu l) in Sprague-Dawley rats. FTY720 was applied icv (1 mu g/2 mu l), together with KA, plus intraperitoneally (ip; 1 mg/kg) 24 h before, and daily, until sacrifice 3 days after icv. Rats were evaluated for neurological score, neuronal loss in CA3 hippocampal region and activation of microglia at the lesion site. In addition, we tested FTY720 as a modulator of microglia responses using microglial cell cultures activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and its effects in stress signalling pathways using western blotting for p38 and JNK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Results: FTY720 was able to reduce excitotoxic neuronal death in vitro. Moreover, in vivo repeated FTY720 administration attenuated KA-induced neurodegeneration and microgliosis at the CA3 lesion site. Furthermore, FTY720 negatively modulates p38 MAPK in LPS-activated microglia, whereas it had no effect on JNK1/2 activation. Conclusions: These data support a role for FTY720 as a neuroprotective agent against excitotoxin-induced neuronal death and as a negative modulator of neuroinflammation by targeting the p38 MAPK stress signalling pathway in microglia.

Estudio de una serie musteriense de La Quina (Charente, Francia): el ejemplo de la trinchera C (excavaciones DR. L. y G. Henri-Martin)

[ES] El an��lisis de una serie industrial correspondiente a los cinco niveles arqueol��gicos de la trinchera C de La Quina (Charente, Francia), proveniente de las excavaciones del Dr. L. Henri-Martin y de G. Henri-Martin, pone de manifiesto, junto a la caracterizaci��n del conjunto estratigr��fico por la presencia de raederas, el progresivo incremento de los denticulados en el devenir temporal. Este hecho asociado a otros particulares fen��menos secundarios (en el alargamiento de las formas, en la tipolog��a de las raederas, en la elaboraci��n del retoque, ... ) traducen una complicaci��n diacr��nica creciente en la din��mica de este complejo musteroide, presagiando, quiz��s, su relativa afinidad con el proceso leptolitizante de las series industriales evolucionadas del Paleol��tico medio.

Increased antiparkinson efficacy of the combined administration of VEGF- and GDNF-loaded nanospheres in a partial lesion model of Parkinson's disease

Current research efforts are focused on the application of growth factors, such as glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), as neuroregenerative approaches that will prevent the neurodegenerative process in Parkinson's disease. Continuing a previous work published by our research group, and with the aim to overcome different limitations related to growth factor administration, VEGF and GDNF were encapsulated in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanospheres (NS). This strategy facilitates the combined administration of the VEGF and GDNF into the brain of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) partially lesioned rats, resulting in a continuous and simultaneous drug release. The NS particle size was about 200 nm and the simultaneous addition of VEGF NS and GDNF NS resulted in significant protection of the PC-12 cell line against 6-OHDA in vitro. Once the poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) NS were implanted into the striatum of 6-OHDA partially lesioned rats, the amphetamine rotation behavior test was carried out over 10 weeks, in order to check for in vivo efficacy. The results showed that VEGF NS and GDNF NS significantly decreased the number of amphetamine-induced rotations at the end of the study. In addition, tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemical analysis in the striatum and the external substantia nigra confirmed a significant enhancement of neurons in the VEGF NS and GDNF NS treatment group. The synergistic effect of VEGF NS and GDNF NS allows for a reduction of the dose by half, and may be a valuable neurogenerative/neuroreparative approach for treating Parkinson's disease.