9 resultados para Final do Antigo Regime

em Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación - Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad del País Vasco


Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The territory of the European Union is made up of a rich and wide-ranging universe of languages, which is not circumscribed to the «State languages». The existence of multilingualism is one of Europe’s defining characteristics and it should remain so in the constantly evolving model of Europe’s political structure. Nonetheless, until now, the official use of languages has been limited to the «State languages» and has been based on a concept of state monolingualism that has led to a first level of hierarchization among the languages of Europe. This has affected the very concept of European language diversity. The draft of the treaty establishing a European Constitution contains various language-related references that can be grouped in two major categories: on the one hand, those references having to do the constitutional status of languages, and on the other, those regarding the recognition of European language diversity. Both issues are dealt with in this article. In analyzing the legal regime governing languages set forth in the draft of the constitutional treaty, we note that the draft is not based on the concept of the official status of languages. The language regulation contained in the draft of the constitutional treaty is limited in character. The constitutional language regime is based on the concept of Constitutional languages but the official status of languages is not governed by this rule. The European Constitution merely enunciates rights governing language use for European citizens vis-à-vis the languages of the Constitution and refers the regulation of the official status of languages to the Council, which is empowered to set and modify that status by unanimous decision. Because of its broad scope, this constitutes a regulatory reservation. In the final phase of the negotiation process a second level of constitutional recognition of languages would be introduced, linked to those that are official languages in the member states (Catalan, Basque, Galician, etc.). These languages, however, would be excluded from the right to petition; they would constitute a tertium genus, an intermediate category between the lan guages benefiting from the language rights recognized under the Constitution and those other languages for which no status is recognized in the European institutional context. The legal functionality of this second, intermediate category will depend on the development of standards, i.e., it will depend on the entrée provided such languages in future reforms of the institutional language regime. In a later section, the article reflects on European Union language policy with regard to regional or minority languages, concluding that the Union has not acted in accordance with defined language policy guidelines when it has been confronted, in the exercise of its powers, with regional or minority languages (or domestic legislation having to do with language demands). The Court of Justice has endeavoured to resolve on a case by case basis the conflicts raised between community freedoms and the normative measures that protect languages. Thus, using case law, the Court has set certain language boundaries for community freedoms. The article concludes by reflecting on the legal scope of the recognition of European language diversity referred to in Article II-82 of the European Constitution and the possible measures to implement the precept that might constitute the definition of a true European language policy on regional or minority languages. Such a policy has yet to be defined.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

La microfauna bentónica y planctónica se ha convertido en una herramienta precisa de detección de las variaciones paleoceanográficas y paleoclimáticas. La combinación de grupos faunísticos diferentes, cuya respuesta ante los mismos factores ecológicos puede ser diversa, permite analizar de manera aún más concreta los cambios oceanográficos y climáticos en la misma área de estudio. Así mismo, el estudio de las asociaciones microfaunísticas con técnicas isotópicas y sedimentológicas, posibilitan la determinación del grado de afectación de los parámetros ecológicos considerados en las especies identificadas. La comparación de las variaciones específicas detectadas en el pasado con la distribución de dichas asociaciones en los modelos actuales, permite caracterizar los cambios pretéritos del medio que habitaban estos organismos. El presente trabajo está estructurado en dos bloques principales: por un lado, se estudia la microfauna (foraminíferos bentónicos, planctónicos y ostrácodos) en muestras superficiales de la plataforma, con el objetivo de determinar los parámetros ecológicos que controlan su distribución a lo largo del área de estudio. Por otra parte, se analizan 5 sondeos obtenidos a diferente profundidad, que permiten definir las variaciones oceanográficas y climáticas acontecidas en la plataforma Vasca a finales del Cuaternario, basándonos en los cambios de las asociaciones de microfauna que se suceden a lo largo de los sondeos. Estas variaciones faunísticas denotan, por tanto, cambios ambientales.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

En este trabajo se analiza, tanto desde una perspectiva ética como desde un punto de vista jurídico, la aplicación o retirada de la alimentación forzada a pacientes en situación terminal. Su objetivo es ayudar a los profesionales de la salud que puedan encontrarse ante dilemas de este tipo a alcanzar un posicionamiento ético propio basado en la reflexión, así como a defender dicho planteamiento ante terceros.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Objetivo general:Recopilar y sintetizar la información sobre estado actual de las preferencias del lugar de la muerte de los pacientes en fase final de la vida. Metodología:Dos estrategias fueron utilizadas para la selección de la información congruente para el trabajo. En primer lugar, desde el mes de octubre hasta finales del mes de diciembre del año 2013 se realizaron búsquedas en las siguientes bases de datos: Web of Science, Medline, Pubmed, Scopus, La Biblioteca Cochrane plus y Cuiden y posteriormente se realizó una búsqueda en el catálogo de la biblioteca “Encore” de la Universidad del País Vasco. La evaluación de calidad de los estudios se realizó utilizando programas CASPe y Fichas de Lectura Critica 2.O. Conclusión:Gran parte de la gente prefiere morir en sus casas, pero hay otros que cambian sus preferencias a lo largo del curso de la enfermedad o simplemente su preferencia es diferente. Conocer las voluntades y las preferencias de los pacientes en fase Terminal de la vida es una tarea primordial en la atención en dicha fase.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto el estudio de la libertad de conciencia y el derecho de los pacientes a decidir al final de su vida, principalmente, a través del análisis de la eutanasia en su distinción entre eutanasia activa directa, eutanasia activa indirecta y eutanasia pasiva, y el respectivo tratamiento que reciben dichas modalidades en nuestro ordenamiento jurídico.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Reaching the strong coupling regime of light-matter interaction has led to an impressive development in fundamental quantum physics and applications to quantum information processing. Latests advances in different quantum technologies, like superconducting circuits or semiconductor quantum wells, show that the ultrastrong coupling regime (USC) can also be achieved, where novel physical phenomena and potential computational benefits have been predicted. Nevertheless, the lack of effective decoupling mechanism in this regime has so far hindered control and measurement processes. Here, we propose a method based on parity symmetry conservation that allows for the generation and reconstruction of arbitrary states in the ultrastrong coupling regime of light-matter interactions. Our protocol requires minimal external resources by making use of the coupling between the USC system and an ancillary two-level quantum system.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Circuit quantum electrodynamics, consisting of superconducting artificial atoms coupled to on-chip resonators, represents a prime candidate to implement the scalable quantum computing architecture because of the presence of good tunability and controllability. Furthermore, recent advances have pushed the technology towards the ultrastrong coupling regime of light-matter interaction, where the qubit-resonator coupling strength reaches a considerable fraction of the resonator frequency. Here, we propose a qubit-resonator system operating in that regime, as a quantum memory device and study the storage and retrieval of quantum information in and from the Z(2) parity-protected quantum memory, within experimentally feasible schemes. We are also convinced that our proposal might pave a way to realize a scalable quantum random-access memory due to its fast storage and readout performances.