Estrategias de Marketing para la gestión público-privada del comercio de Guipúzcoa. Un modelo basado en el análisis cluster.

Este artículo trata sobre el desarrollo de áreas comerciales en los alrededores de las ciudades y de cómo el centro urbano ha ido perdiendo atractivo comercial. Esta situación, común en la mayor parte de los países de nuestro entorno, plantea importantes problemas para el comercio tradicional de centro ciudad, que ve como gran parte de sus clientes optan por la oferta de la periferia, con la siguiente fuga de ingresos.

La calidad de vida como estrategia de diferenciación de las ciudades europeas. Un enfoque de marketing de ciudades

Uno de los objetivos de este artículo es la necesidad de analizar y medir la calidad de vida de las ciudades, por medio de un conjunto de indicadores representativos que han sido propuestos por la Comisión Europea(2005), ya que si bien la Comisión Europea publicó la información correspondiente de las ciudades participantes en esta segunda auditoria urbana, dicha institución no ha publicado ningun tratamiento de dicha información, que permita extraer algunas conlcusiones sobre las similitudes o diferencias que se hayan obtenido entre las ciudades participantes. Esta es la razón por la cual este artículo se plantea el tratamiento de la información proporcionada por los citados indicadores, por medio de técnicas estadísticas de análisis multivariable, como el análisis de cluster, para el estudio de la calidad de vida de las cuidades europeas.

Online exercise for the design and simulation of PCR and PCR-RFLP experiments

[EN] Background: Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism of PCR products (PCR-RFLP) are extensively used molecular biology techniques. An exercise for the design and simulation of PCR and PCR-RFLP experiments will be a useful educational tool. Findings: An online PCR and PCR-RFLP exercise has been create that requires users to find the target genes,compare them, design primers, search for restriction endonucleases, and finally to simulate the experiment. Each user of the service is randomly assigned a gene from Escherichia coli; to complete the exercise, users must design an experiment capable of distinguishing among E. coli strains. By applying the experimental procedure to all completely sequenced E. coli, a basic understanding of strain comparison and clustering can also be acquired. Comparison of results obtained in different experiments is also very instructive. Conclusions: The exercise is freely available at http://insilico.ehu.es/edu.

Analysis of Spanish text-thesaurus as a complex network

[EN]Based on the theoretical tools of Complex Networks, this work provides a basic descriptive study of a synonyms dictionary, the Spanish Open Thesaurus represented as a graph. We study the main structural measures of the network compared with those of a random graph. Numerical results show that Open-Thesaurus is a graph whose topological properties approximate a scale-free network, but seems not to present the small-world property because of its sparse structure. We also found that the words of highest betweenness centrality are terms that suggest the vocabulary of psychoanalysis: placer (pleasure), ayudante (in the sense of assistant or worker), and regular (to regulate).

Behavioral, neurochemical and morphological changes induced by the overexpression of munc18-1a in brain of mice: relevance to schizophrenia

Overexpression of the mammalian homolog of the unc-18 gene (munc18-1) has been described in the brain of subjects with schizophrenia. Munc18-1 protein is involved in membrane fusion processes, exocytosis and neurotransmitter release. A transgenic mouse strain that overexpresses the protein isoform munc18-1a in the brain was characterized. This animal displays several schizophrenia-related behaviors, supersensitivity to hallucinogenic drugs and deficits in prepulse inhibition that reverse after antipsychotic treatment. Relevant brain areas (that is, cortex and striatum) exhibit reduced expression of dopamine D-1 receptors and dopamine transporters together with enhanced amphetamine-induced in vivo dopamine release. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates decreased gray matter volume in the transgenic animal. In conclusion, the mouse overexpressing brain munc18-1a represents a new valid animal model that resembles functional and structural abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia.

Jardueran oinarritutako komunitateak enpresa txiki eta ertainetan

Lan honetan, gure artean gutxi ezagutzen diren “Jardueran Oinarritutako Komunitateek” (JOK) enpresa txiki eta ertainetan izan dezaketen eragina aztertzen da. Zehazki, ikergaia hauxe da: organizazio barruan komunikazioa eta ezagutzaren jarioa areagotzea helburu duen tresna hori Gipuzkoako bederatzi enpresa eta erakundetan nola txertatu den eta txertaketa horren ondorioak zeintzuk izan diren erakustea. Bereziki, puntu hauei begiratu zaie: JOKetan aritu diren pertsonen espektatiben asebetetze-mailari, lan taldeen emaitzei, lan taldeen jarduera ahalbideratzen duten faktoreei eta egon diren oztopoei. Jasotako ebidentzia enpirikoa (galdetegia, elkarrizketak) aztertu eta gero, esan daiteke orokorrean emaitzak nahiko positiboak izan direla, efekturik nabarmenenak arlo hauetan lortu direlarik: JOK-ak osatzen dituzten pertsonen parte hartzea areagotzea; Komunikazioa hobetzea (parte-hartzaileen artean eta horien eta zuzendaritzen artean); Pertsona arteko harremanak sendotzea; Ezagutza elkarri zabaltzea; Enpresarekiko asebetetasun handiagotzea. Aitzitik, aurkitu diren oztopo handienak hauexek izan dira: JOK-a behar bezala garatzeko denbora falta eta hasierako inplikazio falta (top-down ezarritako JOK-etan).

The IRYSS-COPD appropriateness study: objectives, methodology, and description of the prospective cohort

Background: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often experience exacerbations of the disease that require hospitalization. Current guidelines offer little guidance for identifying patients whose clinical situation is appropriate for admission to the hospital, and properly developed and validated severity scores for COPD exacerbations are lacking. To address these important gaps in clinical care, we created the IRYSS-COPD Appropriateness Study. Methods/Design: The RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Methodology was used to identify appropriate and inappropriate scenarios for hospital admission for patients experiencing COPD exacerbations. These scenarios were then applied to a prospective cohort of patients attending the emergency departments (ED) of 16 participating hospitals. Information was recorded during the time the patient was evaluated in the ED, at the time a decision was made to admit the patient to the hospital or discharge home, and during follow-up after admission or discharge home. While complete data were generally available at the time of ED admission, data were often missing at the time of decision making. Predefined assumptions were used to impute much of the missing data. Discussion: The IRYSS-COPD Appropriateness Study will validate the appropriateness criteria developed by the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Methodology and thus better delineate the requirements for admission or discharge of patients experiencing exacerbations of COPD. The study will also provide a better understanding of the determinants of outcomes of COPD exacerbations, and evaluate the equity and variability in access and outcomes in these patients.

Rhythm Analysis during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Past, Present, and Future

Survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest depends largely on two factors: early cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and early defibrillation. CPR must be interrupted for a reliable automated rhythm analysis because chest compressions induce artifacts in the ECG. Unfortunately, interrupting CPR adversely affects survival. In the last twenty years, research has been focused on designing methods for analysis of ECG during chest compressions. Most approaches are based either on adaptive filters to remove the CPR artifact or on robust algorithms which directly diagnose the corrupted ECG. In general, all the methods report low specificity values when tested on short ECG segments, but how to evaluate the real impact on CPR delivery of continuous rhythm analysis during CPR is still unknown. Recently, researchers have proposed a new methodology to measure this impact. Moreover, new strategies for fast rhythm analysis during ventilation pauses or high-specificity algorithms have been reported. Our objective is to present a thorough review of the field as the starting point for these late developments and to underline the open questions and future lines of research to be explored in the following years.

Expression and activity profiles of DPP IV/CD26 and NEP/CD10 glycoproteins in the human renal cancer are tumor-type dependent

Background: Cell-surface glycoproteins play critical roles in cell-to-cell recognition, signal transduction and regulation, thus being crucial in cell proliferation and cancer etiogenesis and development. DPP IV and NEP are ubiquitous glycopeptidases closely linked to tumor pathogenesis and development, and they are used as markers in some cancers. In the present study, the activity and protein and mRNA expression of these glycoproteins were analysed in a subset of clear-cell (CCRCC) and chromophobe (ChRCC) renal cell carcinomas, and in renal oncocytomas (RO). Methods: Peptidase activities were measured by conventional enzymatic assays with fluorogen-derived substrates. Gene expression was quantitatively determined by qRT-PCR and membrane-bound protein expression and distribution analysis was performed by specific immunostaining. Results: The activity of both glycoproteins was sharply decreased in the three histological types of renal tumors. Protein and mRNA expression was strongly downregulated in tumors from distal nephron (ChRCC and RO). Moreover, soluble DPP IV activity positively correlated with the aggressiveness of CCRCCs (higher activities in high grade tumors). Conclusions: These results support the pivotal role for DPP IV and NEP in the malignant transformation pathways and point to these peptidases as potential diagnostic markers.

La legitimidad social de las Organizaciones Internacionales Intergubernamentales

519 p.

E-learning y la calibración de ítems de test : teoría de respuesta al ítem versus calibración basada en juicios de expertos. Un estudio jurídico

XVII, 352 p.

El servicio público de fomento de la economía social en el País Vasco desde una perspectiva de orientación al mercado. Propuestas y acciones

465 p.

Makina hidraulikoak: ariketa-bilduma

Helburuak: Ikasmaterial hau Euskal Herriko Unibertsitateko (UPV/EHU) Bilboko Ingeniaritza Goi Eskola Teknikoan (IGET) Makina Hidraulikoak irakasgaian 2004-2005 ikasturtetik 2010-2011 ikasturtera bitartean proposatu diren azterketetako enuntziatuen bilduma bat da. Ariketa horietan, makina hidrauliko guztien artean, bereziki turbomakinak landu dira helburu hauekin: Industria mailan fluidoekin lan egiten duten instalazioen eta makinen kalkuluetan trebetasuna hartzea. Ponpaketa-instalazioetan ponpen aukeraketa egitea, funtzionamendu-puntuak zehaztea, lan-baldintza egokiak zeintzuk diren ulertzea eta ager daitezkeen arazoak aurreikustea. Elektrizitatea lortzeko erabiltzen diren turbina hidraulikoen kalkuluak lantzea: aukeraketa, dimentsionaketa, funtzionamendua, antzekotasuna eta abar. Norentzat: Ikasmaterial hau Ingeniaritza Industrialeko 5. mailako Fluidoen Instalazioak eta Makinak izeneko irakasgaian erabiltzeko aproposa da. Horrez gain, Ingeniaritza Industrialeko Hidraulikari dagokion espezialitatean bereziki eta baita beste alor batzuetan ere erabilgarria izan daiteke: Fluidoen Mekanika, Instalazio Hidraulikoak... Orokorrean, Makina Hidraulikoekin zerikusia duten gaiak lantzen dituen edozein ikaslerentzat prestatutako lana da.

Aplicación de persistencia políglota usando tecnología NoSQL

En los últimos años se han popularizado los sistemas de bases de datos NoSQL y con ellos, recientemente, ha surgido la idea de Aplicación de Persistencia Políglota. Ésta sostiene que debido a la gran variedad y cantidad de datos, y los diversos servicios que pueden dar las aplicaciones hoy en día; es posible que un único tipo de sistema de almacenamiento no sea capaz de cubrir de forma eficiente todas las necesidades de la aplicación que use dicho sistema. Sin embargo, sostiene que las aplicaciones se pueden beneficiar del uso de varios sistemas de distinto tipo donde los datos se repartirían entre los sistemas que mejor fueran capaces de dar acceso a estos en función del tipo de datos, y de las tareas que se realizarán con ellos. Además, con esta idea también se considera que se tiene que ir más allá de los sistemas de almacenamiento relacionales y utilizar, además, sistemas de almacenamiento NoSQL.

Sistema de comercio electrónico para el sector textil: generar maniquíes 3D a partir de imágenes del sensor Kinect

Este proyecto consiste en analizar la viabilidad técnica un sistema de información para mejorar el comercio electrónico de compra –venta de ropa. El nuevo sistema de comercio electrónico ayudará al usuario a escoger el tamaño de la prenda con más precisión. El sistema consiste en calcular las medidas esenciales del cuerpo del cliente utilizando el dispositivo Kinect. Posteriormente, estas medidas se introducen en el programa Makehuman que genera un maniquí en 3D. Con la idea de que en el futuro se puede utilizar el maniquí para probar virtualmente prendas de vestir, se ha ideado un método, utilizando el programa Blender, que genera ropa en 3D con fotografías de prendas. Se generan dos ejemplos (pantalón y camiseta) para ilustrarlo.