Diplodia pinea (Desm.) Kickx y Fusarium circinatum Niremberg & O'Donell, principales hongos de chancro de las masas forestales de Pinus radiata D. Don del País Vasco

228 p.

La mujer investigadora en el País Vasco: análisis de la presencia de la mujer en actividades de I+D y el gasto en I+D

[ES]La apuesta por la igualdad en cualquier ámbito de nuestro entorno es un aspecto clave para la mejora de él. La igualdad en la investigación científica y desarrollo tecnológico es todavía un reto entre las instituciones que componen el sistema. En el País Vasco, existe un potente sistema y estructura de apoyo institucional a la ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación, y es imprescindible su correcto funcionamiento para un adecuado desarrollo de la I+D en todas sus vertientes. Para conocer la situación actual del País Vasco, este trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo estudiar la relación existente entre la evolución del gasto en I+D y la evolución de la presencia de la mujer investigadora en actividades de I+D en el País Vasco. En general, el estudio nos permite concluir que la presencia de la mujer investigadora y el gasto en I+D han evolución de manera similar en los últimos veinte años.

TRANSFER OF ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR THE CHARACTERISATION OF NATURAL PRODUCTS TO R&D PROCESSES OF IDOKI

IDOKI SCF Technologies S.L. is a technology-based company, set up on September 2006 in Derio (Biscay) with the main scope of developing extraction and purification processes based on the use of supercritical fluid extraction technology (SFE) in food processing, extraction of natural products and the production of personal care products. IDOKI¿s researchers have been working on many different R&D projects so far, most of them using this technology. However, the optimization of a SFE method for the different matrices cannot be performed unless we have an analytical method for the characterisation of the extracts obtained in each experiment. The analytical methods are also essential for the quality control of the raw materials that are going to be used and also for the final product. This PhD thesis was born to tackle this problem and therefore, it is based on the development of different analytical methods for the characterisation of the extracts and products. The projects that we could include in this thesis were the following: the extraction propolis, the recovery of agroindustrial residues (soy and wine) and the dealcoholisation of wine.On the one hand, for the extraction of propolis, several UV-Vis spectroscopic methods were used in order to measure the antioxidant capacity and the total polyphenol and flavonoid content of the extracts. A SFC method was also developed in order to measure more specific phenolic compounds. On the other hand, for the recovery of agroindustrial residues UV-Vis spectroscopy was used to determine the total polyphenol content and two SFC methods were developed to analyse different phenolic compounds. Extraction methods such as MAE, FUSE and rotary agitation were also evaluated for the characterisation of the raw materials.Finally, for the dealcoholisation of wine, the development of a SBSE-TD-GC-MS and DHS-TD-GC-MS methods for the analysis of aromas and a NIR spectroscopic method for the determination of ethanol content with the help of chemometrics was necessary. Most of these methods are typically used in IDOKI¿s lab as routine analyses apart from others not included in this PhD thesis.

Cosméticos María D'uol: Gulliver en el país de los gigantes

Duración (en horas): De 21 a 30 horas Destinatario: Estudiante y Docente

D-Lappse: time-lapseak egiteko dolly bat automatizatzeko Android aplikazioa

Jakina da informatika oso gai zabala dela. Horregatik, oro har, sistema informatikoen garatzaileak sistemaren osagai bakan batzuetaz soilik arduratzen dira. Proiektu honek hardwarearen eta softwarearen munduak uztartzea du helburu; hardware- eta softwareosagaiak dituen sistema bat sortu, behar diren osagai guztiak garatuz. Horretaz gain, garatutakoa erabilgarria izatea bilatu da, hau da, funtzio praktiko eta erreal bat edukitzea. Horretarako, Android eta Arduino plataformak aztertu dira: Android erabiltzaileari interfaze grafikoa eskaini eta elkarrekintza burutzeko erabili da; Arduino, berriz, hardwarearen kontrolatzailea izateko. Horrekin, eragingailuak kontrolatuz, time-lapseak egiteko sistema automatizatua garatu da; D-Lappse Android aplikazioarekin sistema kontrolatu daiteke eta dollyari aginduak bidali, argazki-sekuentziak era automatizatu batean egiteko.

Le système monétaire international comme facteur d'instabilité: une ébauche de réforme

371 p.

Differential activity of GSK-3 isoforms regulates NF-kappa B and TRAIL- or TNF alpha induced apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells

While TRAIL is a promising anticancer agent due to its ability to selectively induce apoptosis in neoplastic cells, many tumors, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), display intrinsic resistance, highlighting the need for TRAIL-sensitizing agents. Here we report that TRAIL-induced apoptosis in PDA cell lines is enhanced by pharmacological inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) or by shRNA-mediated depletion of either GSK-3 alpha or GSK-3 beta. In contrast, depletion of GSK-3 beta, but not GSK-3 alpha, sensitized PDA cell lines to TNF alpha-induced cell death. Further experiments demonstrated that TNF alpha-stimulated I kappa B alpha phosphorylation and degradation as well as p65 nuclear translocation were normal in GSK-3 beta-deficient MEFs. Nonetheless, inhibition of GSK-3 beta function in MEFs or PDA cell lines impaired the expression of the NF-kappa B target genes Bcl-xL and cIAP2, but not I kappa B alpha. Significantly, the expression of Bcl-xL and cIAP2 could be reestablished by expression of GSK-3 beta targeted to the nucleus but not GSK-3 beta targeted to the cytoplasm, suggesting that GSK-3 beta regulates NF-kappa B function within the nucleus. Consistent with this notion, chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated that GSK-3 inhibition resulted in either decreased p65 binding to the promoter of BIR3, which encodes cIAP2, or increased p50 binding as well as recruitment of SIRT1 and HDAC3 to the promoter of BCL2L1, which encodes Bcl-xL. Importantly, depletion of Bcl-xL but not cIAP2, mimicked the sensitizing effect of GSK-3 inhibition on TRAIL-induced apoptosis, whereas Bcl-xL overexpression ameliorated the sensitization by GSK-3 inhibition. These results not only suggest that GSK-3 beta overexpression and nuclear localization contribute to TNF alpha and TRAIL resistance via anti-apoptotic NF-kappa B genes such as Bcl-xL, but also provide a rationale for further exploration of GSK-3 inhibitors combined with TRAIL for the treatment of PDA.

El inicio de la arqueología en Álava: D. Lorenzo del Prestamero y Cabriana

[ES] El motivo de la realización del presente trabajo no es otro que la publicación de la Memoria que, sobre las excavaciones realizadas en 1794 en el yacimiento romano de Cabriana (Comunión, Álava), remitió D. Lorenzo del Prestamera a la Real Academia de la Historia, documento que tradicionalmente se ha considerado desaparecido. Se estudian también aquí las novedades que aporta la Memoria al conocimiento de este interesante enclave arqueológico.

Note d'épigraphie hispanique: á propos de HAEP. 2523 et AE, 1995, 858

Un primer trabajo sobre estas inscripciones se presentó en la SFER, París, el 20 de junio de 1998.

Técnicas de metalistería en una moneda romana del siglo 1 d. C.

[ES] Se analiza un sestercio de Nerón usado como elemento ornamental. Un artesano hizo en el reverso de la moneda algunos radios curvos y cinco agujeros. En el artículo se hacen una serie de consideraciones sobre la realización de este inusual trabajo y su posible función. Por otro lado, también se examinan ciertos aspectos de los usos ornamentales de la moneda y la evaluación moral de la figura de Nerón.

Sphingomyelinase D/Ceramide 1-Phosphate in Cell Survival and Inflammation

Sphingolipids are major constituents of biological membranes of eukaryotic cells. Many studies have shown that sphingomyelin (SM) is a major phospholipid in cell bilayers and is mainly localized to the plasma membrane of cells, where it serves both as a building block for cell architecture and as a precursor of bioactive sphingolipids. In particular, upregulation of (C-type) sphingomyelinases will produce ceramide, which regulates many physiological functions including apoptosis, senescence, or cell differentiation. Interestingly, the venom of some arthropodes including spiders of the genus Loxosceles, or the toxins of some bacteria such as Corynebacterium tuberculosis, or Vibrio damsela possess high levels of D-type sphingomyelinase (SMase D). This enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of SM to yield ceramide 1-phosphate (C1P), which promotes cell growth and survival and is a potent pro-inflammatory agent in different cell types. In particular, C1P stimulates cytosolic phospholipase A2 leading to arachidonic acid release and the subsequent formation of eicosanoids, actions that are all associated to the promotion of inflammation. In addition, C1P potently stimulates macrophage migration, which has also been associated to inflammatory responses. Interestingly, this action required the interaction of C1P with a specific plasma membrane receptor, whereas accumulation of intracellular C1P failed to stimulate chemotaxis. The C1P receptor is coupled to Gi proteins and activates of the PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK1-2 pathways upon ligation with C1P. The proposed review will address novel aspects on the control of inflammatory responses by C1P and will highlight the molecular mechanisms whereby C1P exerts these actions.

Quironómidos (Díptera) de las instalaciones de la E.D.A.R. de Galindo

[ES] La finalidad de este trabajo es la identificación taxonómica de algunos de los quironómidos (Diptera) presentes en el entorno de la Estación Depuradora de Aguas Residuales de Galindo. La captura de los insectos se llevó a cabo mediante dos metodologías distintas, en los clarificadores de Decantación Secundaria de la E.D.A.R. La identificación taxonómica se ha realizado con la consulta de guías de identificación de machos adultos, los cuales presentan características morfológicas diferenciadoras más útiles y complejas. La identificación llevó al establecimiento de cuatro morfotipos, que agrupan a los individuos observados según características morfológicas comunes. En cada morfotipo se incluyen los taxones correspondientes de acuerdo con su identificación taxonómica. Sin embargo, en algunos casos, la identificación no ha alcanzado el nivel de especie.