Isolation of Salmonella larochelle for the first time in India

The isolation of a new serotype, S. larochelle (6, 7: eh:1, 2), is reported in this communication. This serotype has not so far been reported from any source in this country. The serotype was isolated on November 27th, 1979 at Bombay from a market sample of frozen frog legs intended for domestic consumption.

Studies on isolation of salmonella from sea foods 1. Comparison of enrichment and selective media for recovery of salmonellae from fish

Three enrichment broths and six plating media were compared for efficiency of detection Salmonella in the presence of numbers of Coliforms (10super(5)/ml) and proteus (10super(3)/ml) from artificially inoculated fish samples. Recovery experiments Salmonella anatum, S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis indicated that the two enrichment broths Dulcitol Selinite (DSE) and Selinite Cystine (SC) were equally efficient. Further, the viability of Salmonella, inoculated into fish muscle and kept at 4°C for 48 hours, was found to be not affected by the low temperature storage. Selective plating media like Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar (XLD), Brilliant Green Sulphadiazine agar (BGS) and Brilliant Green agar (BG) were found to be superior in performance to Salmonella-Shigella agar: (SS) and Bismuth Sui phite agar (BiS).

Utilization of prawn waste: isolation of chitin and its conversion to chitosan

process is described for the preparation of chitosan from prawn waste. The process involves extraction of protein using 0.5% sodium hydroxide solution, bleaching the protein free mass with bleach liquor containing 0.3-0.5% available chlorine followed by demineralisation with 1.25 N hydrochloric acid in the cold and deacetylation using 1:1 (w/w) sodium hydroxide solution at 100°C for 2 hours.

Preliminary study on the rearing of Chilka prawn ('Kantala') Penaeus indicus H. Milne-Edwards in the brackish water ponds at Keshpur (Orissa)

Results of experimental rearing of Penaeus indicus without supplemental feeding in unfertilized brackish water ponds in fore-shore of Chilka lake are presented in this paper. Higher rate of survival was recorded where advanced juveniles were stocked and lower rate of survival was recorded where early juveniles were stocked. The average growth rate recorded from the rearing experiments was higher than the average growth rate of Penaeus indicus recorded from the adjoining Chilka Lake which indicates the promising future of prawn farming in and around the lake. Analysis of gut contents revealed that Penaeus indicus could efficiently utilise algal and higher plant matter present in the ponds. No noticeable differences in daily growth rates were noticed between early and advanced juveniles in rearing experiments.

Chemical control of psychrophilic bacterial spoilage of fish 1. Isolation and identification of psychrophilic bacteria from marine fish

Making use of the streak plate technique and low temperature incubation, 28 cultures belonging to six genera namely, Achromobacter, Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, Micrococcus, Vibrio and Alcaligenes were isolated from different varieties of marine fish. The growth studies indicated that all of them were able to grow between -5 and +5°C within a week's time and none of them showed growth at 37°C. The optimum temperature of growth for all these cultures was in the range 25-28°C. Among these only one, i.e., a Vibrio sp., was found to be an obligate psychrophile.

Isolation of Salmonella roan for the first time in India

The isolation of Salmonella roan for the first time in India is reported.

Isolation of bile from fish and identification by thin layer chromatography

The paper deals with the collection of gall bladders, isolation of bile and identification of the constituents of the bile salts from different fishes. The yield of bile contents from fresh water fishes rohu, mrigal and catla was compared with that from marine fishes seer, tuna, shark and sardine. Considerable variation in yield was showed between marine and fresh water fish as well as between the species in both groups. It ranged from 0.04 to 0.06% of the body weight of fish in calla, mrigal and rohu. The bile constituents from rohu and mrigal were analysed by thin layer chromatography. The result showed that bile of rohu and mrigal contains mainly taurine derivative of lithocholic acid.

Experiments on the induced spawning and larval rearing of the milkfish, Chanos chanos (Forsskal) in 1979

This paper summarizes the results of the experiments on the induced breeding and larval rearing of milkfish (Chanos chanos) during the 1979 season. Milkfish larvae could be reared successfully without the use of trochophore larvae of oysters as feed during the first few days. In order to induce the ovulation of wild adult milkfish a higher dose of human chorionic gonadotropin hormone is required.

Use of fermented kitchen waste in rearing Penaeus monodon larvae

Fermented vegetable and kitchen wastes are available as feeds for not only zoea but also mysis and up to certain points in the postlarval stages of sugpo, Penaeus monodon. It is recommended that the hatchery use fermented wastes as larval feed for P.monodon when diatoms or brine shrimp nauplii are lacking or in short supply. Among three stages namely, zoea, mysis and postlarva, the survival rate during postlarva particularly after P SUB-4 was quite low. The problems encountered are as follows: (a) how to prevent fermented particles from lumping, (b) how to prevent them from easily sinking to the bottom, and, (c) how to prevent bacteria and fungi, particularly Lagenidium sp blooming.

Isolation of Salmonella braenderup (6, 7:e, h:e, n, z (sub15)) from Mussel meat

A brief account is given of the morphology, biochemistry and serology of Salmonella braenderup isolated from mussel meat, obtained from fish markets in Calicut, India. Possible implications regarding human salmonellosis are also considered.

Isolation and culture in artificial media of Lagenidium from Penaeus monodon larvae

Fungal infection of P. monodon larvae is a problem in hatchery operations. The fungus, which attacks the nauplius to postlarval stages and causes up to 100% mortality, has been tentatively identified as belonging to the genus Lagenidium . This pathogenic organism has recently been isolated and cultured. A description is given of the fungus, and features of its biology and pathology are discussed.

Observations on the artificial fertilization of eggs and larval rearing of the grey mullet, Mugil cephalus L.

The results are presented of attempts to artificially fertilize Mugil cephalus eggs in the Philippines. Embryonic development is outlined and rearing of the larvae described. Mass mortality occurred during week 3 of rearing.

Experiment on larval rearing of Penaeus monodon fed with cultured diatom Chaetoceros calcitran and fermented vegetable trash

A brief account is given of experiments undertaken rearing Penaeus monodon larvae fed on diatom (Chaetoceros calcitran) and fermented vegetable trash, which included fruits and their peels, vegetables and rice. The possible use of high protein content trash materials as a feed substitute is examined briefly.

Isolation of Salmonella agona (4, 12:f, g, 5:-) from commercial frozen boiled clam meat

Details are given of the morphological, biochemical and serological characteristics of a specimen of Salmonella agona isolated from a sample of frozen boiled clam meat (Villorita cyprinoides) processed in a factory at Cochin. Possible association of this serotype with human salmonellosis is considered briefly.

Preliminary trials in Artemia rearing and salt production in earthen salt ponds

The authors report on the production of Artemia obtained on a 0.5 ha pilot project with combined trials in Artemia rearing with solar salt production during the dry seasons and with production of milkfish (Chanos chanos) fingerlings and/or prawn (Penaeid sp.) juveniles during the rainy season in the Philippines.