229 resultados para DIAZ, JOSE JAVIER
Resumo:
Esta segunda y última parte del artículo habla de cómo a pesar de existir reglamentación no es hasta despues de ocurrir una nueva tragedia cuando se toman las medidas necesarias. Hoy en día sigue ocurriendo lo mismo, después de grandes catástrofes se revisan las normas e instalaciones.
Resumo:
We report on the sensitivity of the superconducting critical temperature (TC) to layer thickness, as well as on TC reproducibility in Mo/Au bilayers. Resistivity measurements on samples with a fixed Au thickness (dAu) and Mo thickness (dMo) ranging from 50 to 250 nm, and with a fixed dMo and different dAu thickness are shown. Experimental data are discussed in the framework of Martinis model, whose application to samples with dAu above their coherence length is analysed in detail. Results show a good coupling between normal and superconducting layers and excellent TC reproducibility, allowing to accurately correlate Mo layer thickness and bilayer TC.
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We report on the fabrication details of TES based on Mo/Au bilayers. The Mo layer is deposited by radio frequency (RF) sputtering and capped with a sputter deposited thin Au protection layer. Afterwards, a second Au layer of suitable (lower) resistivity is deposited ex‐situ by e‐beam evaporation, until completion of the total desired Au thickness. The deposition was performed at room temperature (RT) on LPCVD Si3 N4 membranes. Such a deposition procedure is very reproducible and allow controlling the critical temperature (Tc) and normal electrical resistance (RN ) of the Mo/Au bilayer. The process is optimized to achieve low stress bilayers, thus avoiding the undesirable curvature of the membranes. Bilayers are patterned using photolithographic techniques and wet etching procedures. Mo superconducting paths are used to contact the Mo/Au bilayers, thus ensuring good electrical conductivity and thermal isolation. The entire fabrication process let to stable and reproducible sensors with required and tunable functional properties
Resumo:
El desarrollo comunitario ha de ir acompañado de un proceso de dinamización social que suscite grupos funcionales de ciudadanos capaces de ser responsables de su propio desarrollo. Es importante que este proceso fomente la estructuración de todos los grupos de población y cuente con un apoyo técnico e institucional apropiado. Para ello es necesario analizar algunos interrogantes en torno a las relaciones entre las instituciones públicas y las asociaciones locales, el papel de estas asociaciones y las dificultades encontradas en los territorios rurales. En este artículo se abordan dichas cuestiones desde la experiencia de más de 25 años de la Asociación Instituto de Desarrollo Comunitario de Cuenca en la dinamización de las zonas rurales de esta provincia española. Desde esta visión de largo plazo se proporcionan algunas claves para acompañar con éxito el proceso de dinamización ?características y herramientas metodológicas?, lograr la motivación de la población, el arraigamiento de las asociaciones locales, y la generación de partenariados sostenibles que fomenten el liderazgo de la comunidad en el proceso de desarrollo.
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La fermentación del café es una de las operaciones críticas en el proceso de beneficiado por su impacto en la calidad organoléptica del producto final. De forma general la mayor parte de las explotaciones carecen de tecnificación alguna del fermentador, no teniendo el operario ninguna información objetiva sobre la evolución de los parámetros físico-químicos de control del proceso que le ayuden a la toma de decisión. El objetivo de este trabajo es la integración multi-distribuida de sensores de bajo coste y alta fiabilidad para supervisión de la operación de fermentación del café en origen. Concretamente se ha centrado en la caracterización térmica del proceso de fermentación, mediante la instalación multidistribuida de sensores inalámbricos de temperatura (TurboTag ®) en fermentadores de café en Colombia. El análisis: temporal de la evolución de la temperatura a lo largo del proceso de fermentación y complejo mediante diagrama de fases o de cinética de la evolución de las temperaturas, permiten en este trabajo caracterizar térmicamente fermentadores industriales y prototipos plásticos. Se ha constatado la alta heterogeneidad de las fermentaciones tanto intra-lote (amplitudes térmicas de hasta 8.5 ºC y temperaturas en algunos puntos de los fermentadores de 17 ºC) como inter-lote en fermentaciones sujetas a condiciones exógenas y endógenas muy variables
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Amundsenisen is an ice field, 80 km2 in area, located in Southern Spitsbergen, Svalbard. Radio-echo sounding measurements at 20 MHz show high intensity returns from a nearly flat basal reflector at four zones, all of them with ice thickness larger than 500m. These reflections suggest possible subglacial lakes. To determine whether basal liquid water is compatible with current pressure and temperature conditions, we aim at applying a thermo mechanical model with a free boundary at the bed defined as solution of a Stefan problem for the interface ice-subglaciallake. The complexity of the problem suggests the use of a bi-dimensional model, but this requires that well-defined flowlines across the zones with suspected subglacial lakes are available. We define these flow lines from the solution of a three-dimensional dynamical model, and this is the main goal of the present contribution. We apply a three-dimensional full-Stokes model of glacier dynamics to Amundsenisen icefield. We are mostly interested in the plateau zone of the icefield, so we introduce artificial vertical boundaries at the heads of the main outlet glaciers draining Amundsenisen. At these boundaries we set velocity boundary conditions. Velocities near the centres of the heads of the outlets are known from experimental measurements. The velocities at depth are calculated according to a SIA velocity-depth profile, and those at the rest of the transverse section are computed following Nye’s (1952) model. We select as southeastern boundary of the model domain an ice divide, where we set boundary conditions of zero horizontal velocities and zero vertical shear stresses. The upper boundary is a traction-free boundary. For the basal boundary conditions, on the zones of suspected subglacial lakes we set free-slip boundary conditions, while for the rest of the basal boundary we use a friction law linking the sliding velocity to the basal shear stress,in such a way that, contrary to the shallow ice approximation, the basal shear stress is not equal to the basal driving stress but rather part of the solution.
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El concepto de “proyecto” engloba una disparidad semántica que se extiende en todos los ámbitos de la actividad profesional y no profesional. Dentro de la actividad profesional destacan los proyectos que incorporan la ingeniería para la transformación de la realidad. Situándose en el ámbito de los proyectos de ingeniería, y comenzando por las raíces etimológicas de los términos, se efectúa una revisión de las definiciones dadas por diferentes autores y su relación con las corrientes sociológicas de las últimas décadas. El proyecto de ingeniería, que surgió como una herramienta para el desarrollo de ideas tecnológicas, se ha ido enriqueciendo con el pensamiento normativo-legal, con las variables económico-financieras, los parámetros de gestión, y más recientemente, con los aspectos medioambientales. Sin embargo, los proyectos de ingeniería afectan e inciden directamente sobre las personas, involucrando a grupos, agentes, organizaciones, empresas e instituciones. En la actualidad, se consideran esenciales las implicaciones sociales en los proyectos, sin embargo la tecnología para la integración social en estos no está consolidada. Esta comunicación pretende aportar un nuevo marco basado en la experiencia para el desarrollo de los proyectos de ingeniería en el contexto del “desarrollo humano”, situando a las personas en el centro del proyecto.
Resumo:
When we try to analyze and to control a system whose model was obtained only based on input/output data, accuracy is essential in the model. On the other hand, to make the procedure practical, the modeling stage must be computationally efficient. In this regard, this paper presents the application of extended Kalman filter for the parametric adaptation of a fuzzy model
Application of the Extended Kalman filter to fuzzy modeling: Algorithms and practical implementation
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Modeling phase is fundamental both in the analysis process of a dynamic system and the design of a control system. If this phase is in-line is even more critical and the only information of the system comes from input/output data. Some adaptation algorithms for fuzzy system based on extended Kalman filter are presented in this paper, which allows obtaining accurate models without renounce the computational efficiency that characterizes the Kalman filter, and allows its implementation in-line with the process
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Los modelos de acreditación en el contexto internacional evalúan principalmente resultados de aprendizaje y la capacidad de los programas de maestría en ingeniería de proyectos para lograr los objetivos educativos que declaran en su misión. Sin embargo, no se garantiza que esos objetivos y por tanto los resultados, satisfagan necesidades reales del entorno nacional o regional, un aspecto esencial en los países en vías de desarrollo. El objetivo de la presente comunicación es sustentar la importancia de la evaluación de la pertinencia de estos programas y hacer un análisis de los principales modelos de garantía de la calidad y organismos de acreditación para conocer la forma en que se evalúa o no la pertinencia de los programas. Se encontró que, en un contexto económico de libre mercado, de internacionalización de la educación y movilidad, la acreditación de las maestrías sigue un modelo de acreditación internacional y no se cuenta en la mayoría de los casos con criterios e indicadores para evaluar la pertinencia. Sin embargo existen, dos modelos de acreditación o certificación que garantizan que un programa de maestría en ingeniería de proyectos sea pertinente localmente: el proyecto REG de AEIPRO y el proyecto europeo EUR-ACE.
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Free people association constructed from button to above to get better conditions of people using local resources, are among others, elements of local development. LEADER (Liaisons HQWUH DFWLYLWpV GH 'HYHORSHPHQW GH /¶(FRQRPLH 5XUDO) is the Europe Union model of rural development. The LEADER method is conformed in seven features which are factors of success in the approach of applying in different territories . The actions held in the municipal council of rural development of San Andres C a l p a n during 2010 showed some elements of LEADER for it´s adjustment: 1).- territory definition , 2).- local association , 3).- financing. It´s used a methodology consists of reviewing documents about the financing and association in the territory studied, survey applying t define the model of agricultural production and development along with mayors of different municipalities, the economical and social actors. The definition performance field with territory integration of citizen councils as groups of local action and a financing strategy are part of the results of this process of adapting in this territory
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The concept of Project encompasses a semantic disparity that involves all areas of professional and nonprofessional activity. In the engineering projects domain, and starting by the etymological roots of the terms, a review of the definitions given by different authors and their relation with sociological trends of the last decades is carried out. The engineering projects began as a tool for the development of technological ideas and have been improved with legal, economic and management parameters and recently with environmental aspects. However, the engineering projects involve people, groups, agents, organizations, companies and institutions. Nowadays, the social implications of projects are taken into consideration but the technology for social integration is not consolidated. This communication provides a new framework based on the experience for the development of engineering projects in the context of "human development", placing people in the center of the project
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Community development must be accompanied by a social involvement process which creates functional groups of citizens capable of taking responsibility for their own development. It is important that this process promotes the structuring of all population groups and provides the appropriate institutional and technical support. The present paper addresses these issues based on over 25 years of experience by the Association Instituto de Desarrollo Comunitario de Cuenca in revitalizing rural areas of the Spanish province of Cuenca. This paper analyses the social involvement process encouraged by this association, the relationships between public institutions and local associations, the role of these associations and the difficulties encountered in the rural areas. The long-term perspective of this experience provides some keys which can be used to successfully support the process of social involvement ―such as information on its characteristics and methodological tools―, establish local associations and create sustainable partnerships that foster the growth of leadership within the community development process.
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Within the frame of the HiPER reactor, we propose and study a Self Cooled Lead Lithium blanket with two different cooling arrangements of the system First Wall – Blanket for the HiPER reactor: Integrated First Wall Blanket and Separated First Wall Blanket. We compare the two arrangements in terms of power cycle efficiency, operation flexibility in out-off-normal situations and proper cooling and acceptable corrosion. The Separated First Wall Blanket arrangement is superior in all of them, and it is selected as the advantageous proposal for the HiPER reactor blanket. However, it still has to be improved from the standpoint of proper cooling and corrosion rates
Resumo:
We show a procedure for constructing a probabilistic atlas based on affine moment descriptors. It uses a normalization procedure over the labeled atlas. The proposed linear registration is defined by closed-form expressions involving only geometric moments. This procedure applies both to atlas construction as atlas-based segmentation. We model the likelihood term for each voxel and each label using parametric or nonparametric distributions and the prior term is determined by applying the vote-rule. The probabilistic atlas is built with the variability of our linear registration. We have two segmentation strategy: a) it applies the proposed affine registration to bring the target image into the coordinate frame of the atlas or b) the probabilistic atlas is non-rigidly aligning with the target image, where the probabilistic atlas is previously aligned to the target image with our affine registration. Finally, we adopt a graph cut - Bayesian framework for implementing the atlas-based segmentation.