Literacia da informação em contexto universitário: Tendências e expectativas

O presente capítulo apresenta o que os estudos atuais sobre a literacia da informação em contexto universitário revelam sobre as principais tendências para esta área. O estudo procura dar uma visão abrangente destas tendências e das expectativas daí decorrentes a partir de três aspetos: a relação entre a educação, a aprendizagem e o ensino superior; as bibliotecas, as tecnologias e os ambientes virtuais e, por fim, reflete-se sobre a interação entre literacia da informação, emoções e cognição, num contexto social e individual.

Analytic and heuristic processes in the detection and resolution of conflict

Previous research with the ratio-bias task found larger response latencies for conflict trials where the heuristic- and analytic-based responses are assumed to be in opposition (e.g., choosing between 1/10 and 9/100 ratios of success) when compared to no-conflict trials where both processes converge on the same response (e.g., choosing between 1/10 and 11/100). This pattern is consistent with parallel dualprocess models, which assume that there is effective, rather than lax, monitoring of the output of heuristic processing. It is, however, unclear why conflict resolution sometimes fails. Ratio-biased choices may increase because of a decline in analytical reasoning (leaving heuristic-based responses unopposed) or to a rise in heuristic processing (making it more difficult for analytic processes to override the heuristic preferences). Using the process-dissociation procedure, we found that instructions to respond logically and response speed affected analytic (controlled) processing (C), leaving heuristic processing (H) unchanged, whereas the intuitive preference for large nominators (as assessed by responses to equal ratio trials) affected H but not C. These findings create new challenges to the debate between dual-process and singleprocess accounts, which are discussed.

Sketching the temporal landscape : The case of night nursing

We take for granted that we exist in dimensions of time and space. We accept that time passes and that space extends as a matter of course. Just as our personal space is important to us, so is time of our own. The individual is capable of developing a variety of time perspectives or orientations, each applicable to a different aspect of life, for instance, home, leisure, economic, political and organisational. Our temporal perspective influences a wide range of psychological processes, from motivation, emotions and spontaneity to risk-taking creativity and problem-solving. Our temporal landscapes are made up of recognisable domains, with permeable borders – private time and public time, home time and work time, past, present and future time, cyclical time. Just as a geography of space contains recognisable natural features – rivers, deserts, mountains – and features created by human beings – canals, roads, skyscrapers – so our temporal landscape contains natural features – day and night, the seasons – and features created by us – the ordering of social, economic, legal, and organisational time into, among others, the practices of family life, financial periods, prison sentences and workloads. This paper views the temporal landscapes of night nurses, and is based on longitudinal ethnographic research. It highlights areas such as shift work, workload, and the temporal aspects of caring. The result is the production of a map, albeit a rough one, of the temporal landscape inhabited by night nurses as they go about their working lives.

Desejo sexual e funcionamento mental em estudantes universitários

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.

Altered states of consciousness are related to higher sexual responsiveness

Altered states of consciousness lead to profound changes in the sense of self, time and space. We assessed how these changes were related to sexual responsiveness during sex. 116 subjects reported (a) intensity of awareness concerning body, space and time, and (b) satisfaction, desire, arousal, and orgasm occurrence. We differentiated vaginal intercourse orgasm from noncoital orgasm. Female vaginal intercourse orgasm was further differentiated as with or without concurrent clitoral masturbation. Overall, sexual responsiveness was related to greater body awareness and lesser time and space awareness. Satisfaction, desire, and arousal were especially associated with less time awareness in women. Female orgasms during vaginal intercourse were related to greater body awareness and lesser time awareness, but noncoital orgasms were unrelated. Our findings provide empirical support for the hypotheses that altered states of consciousness with attentional absorption are strongly related to sexual responsiveness in women, and to a lesser extent in men.

Angústia de morte sentida pelos profissionais de saúde, face aos doentes em fase terminal

O presente trabalho aborda as dificuldades sentidas pelos profissionais de saúde perante os doentes em fase terminal. É importante percebermos como é que os profissionais de saúde se preparam psicologicamente para tratar dos pacientes com o profissionalismo que lhes é pedido. O trabalho recai, na tentativa de verificar, a forma como conseguem “escapar” a esta ligação directa com a morte. Participaram neste estudo do tipo exploratório, 4 enfermeiras e 1 médica da Unidade da Dor do Hospital Garcia de Orta, que através de entrevistas semi-directivas, descreviam as suas experiências. Abordámos o percurso profissional, as dificuldades no dia-a-dia, as situações mais gratificantes, a função da equipa e o processo de luto. Nos resultados obtidos, utilizámos como método a análise de conteúdo. Os resultados destacaram a identificação, como a maior dificuldade, lembrando desta forma que os profissionais de saúde, também sofrem com a perda dos doentes, como se de alguém próximo se tratasse, complicando a relação profissional e levando a que normalmente se usem mecanismos do evitamento. Concluímos que é indispensável o apoio da equipa multidisciplinar, de forma a acolher todos os acontecimentos que provocam desconforto e angústia em relação à morte, por mais mecanismos utilizados é impossível dissociar a relação profissional da pessoal.

Inteligência emocional nas organizações: Colaboradores motivados e com desempenho emocionalmente inteligente?

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Social e das Organizações.

Dr. Bailey: An exemplar of critical care

We often confuse praise and being nice and polite with appreciative, positive behavior and actions. However, the distinction between positive and negative is not so clear. Some seemingly negative behaviors and actions effectively evoke positive emotions and behavior. Criticism and honest candor can serve a positive function, helping us to learn and grow. This paper makes a case for critical care. Such communication is direct and specific but not malicious. The character of Dr. Bailey from the U.S. TV show Grey’s Anatomy is used as an example of someone who demonstrates critical care.

Emoções dos alunos em momentos de envolvimento parental: Um estudo realizado numa escola do MEM

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto Universitário

“O Prazer de não sentir”: Experiência vivida pelos agressores sexuais

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto Universitário