La pena de prisión y sus alternativas

[ES] el objetivo del presente trabajo es mostrar las características generales de la actual realidad penitenciaria en cuanto a la pena de prisión y las penas alternativas. Se analiza la pena de prisión desde una perspectiva crítica dando a conocer las limitaciones que presenta la prisión en cuanto a los derechos de las personas presas y haciendo una descripción sobre los principales efectos negativos que genera sobre estas personas. Desde la consolidación del Código Penal de 1995 hasta la última reforma penal de 2015 se ha dado un incremento constante de la dureza de las penas, aumentando la duración de la pena de prisión y su cumplimiento dentro de la prisión. Consecuentemente, se reduce la aplicación de las penas alternativas a la prisión, contrariando así el principio constitucional descrito en el artículo 25.2 orientado a la resocialización del penado y el principio de intervención mínima o ultima ratio del Derecho Penal.

Administrazio-zuzenbidea : atal berezia

340 p.

Administrazio zuzenbidea eta ekonomian esku hartzeko teknikak

Formazio ekonomikoa edo enpresa kudeaketan formazioa dutenei zuzendutako materiala da; edozelan ere, Administrazioaren jarduteko moduak ezagutu nahi duen orori baliagarri gerta dakioke. Liburu honetan atal hauek agertzen dira : Administrazio zuzenbidea eta Administrazio Zuzenbide iturrien teoria. Administrazio antolakuntzaren oinarriak. Administrazio-egintzari buruzko teoria, administrazio-prozedura, administrazio-egintzen berrikuspena eta errekurtsoak. Administrazioak ekonomian esku hartzeko baliatzen dituen teknikak

Prebarikazio Judizialaren Delitua. Zigor Kodeko 446 eta 447. artikuluen inguruko hausnarketa

Justizia administrazioaren aurkako delituen inguruko hausnarketa orokorra egin ondoren, prebarikazio judizialaren delituaren elementuak azteztu egiten dira, horiek dituzten arazorik esanguratsuenak identifikatuz eta irtenbiderik aproposenak proposatuz. Kontutan hartuta zigor zuzenbidearen printzipio nagusiak eta ordenamendu juridiko espainiarrak ahalbidetzen duena.

Zigor-arloko bitartekaritza: espainiar ordenamenduaren etorkizunerako erronka?

Lanaren lehen atalean zigor-arloko bitartekaritzak Zigor Zuzenbidearen zein Zigor-arloko Prozesuaren helburuekin duen lotura azalduko da, aldarrikatu ahal izateko justizia leheneratzailea hauek jarraitzen dituzten funtzio edo jomugekin guztiz bateragarria dela. Bestalde, bigarren atal batean, zigor-arloko bitartekaritzak Espainian duen presentziari erreparatuko zaio

Justizia leheneratzailea. Justizia eredu berriak, etorkuzuna ote?

Arau hauste bat gertatzen den garaian, arau hauste hau jasan dutenekiko babestu beharrekoak diren ondasun juridikoak urratzen dira. Hauek babesteko betebeharra estatuak dauka, eta kasuan kasuko zigor prozedura ezberdinen bitartez, gizarte ordena ezarri eta elkarbizitza soziala bermatu ahal izateko erantzunak ematen dituzte arau hausteen aurrean.

Régimen jurídico de las lenguas y reconocimiento de la diversidad lingüística en el Tratado por el que se establece una Constitución para Europa

The territory of the European Union is made up of a rich and wide-ranging universe of languages, which is not circumscribed to the «State languages». The existence of multilingualism is one of Europe’s defining characteristics and it should remain so in the constantly evolving model of Europe’s political structure. Nonetheless, until now, the official use of languages has been limited to the «State languages» and has been based on a concept of state monolingualism that has led to a first level of hierarchization among the languages of Europe. This has affected the very concept of European language diversity. The draft of the treaty establishing a European Constitution contains various language-related references that can be grouped in two major categories: on the one hand, those references having to do the constitutional status of languages, and on the other, those regarding the recognition of European language diversity. Both issues are dealt with in this article. In analyzing the legal regime governing languages set forth in the draft of the constitutional treaty, we note that the draft is not based on the concept of the official status of languages. The language regulation contained in the draft of the constitutional treaty is limited in character. The constitutional language regime is based on the concept of Constitutional languages but the official status of languages is not governed by this rule. The European Constitution merely enunciates rights governing language use for European citizens vis-à-vis the languages of the Constitution and refers the regulation of the official status of languages to the Council, which is empowered to set and modify that status by unanimous decision. Because of its broad scope, this constitutes a regulatory reservation. In the final phase of the negotiation process a second level of constitutional recognition of languages would be introduced, linked to those that are official languages in the member states (Catalan, Basque, Galician, etc.). These languages, however, would be excluded from the right to petition; they would constitute a tertium genus, an intermediate category between the lan guages benefiting from the language rights recognized under the Constitution and those other languages for which no status is recognized in the European institutional context. The legal functionality of this second, intermediate category will depend on the development of standards, i.e., it will depend on the entrée provided such languages in future reforms of the institutional language regime. In a later section, the article reflects on European Union language policy with regard to regional or minority languages, concluding that the Union has not acted in accordance with defined language policy guidelines when it has been confronted, in the exercise of its powers, with regional or minority languages (or domestic legislation having to do with language demands). The Court of Justice has endeavoured to resolve on a case by case basis the conflicts raised between community freedoms and the normative measures that protect languages. Thus, using case law, the Court has set certain language boundaries for community freedoms. The article concludes by reflecting on the legal scope of the recognition of European language diversity referred to in Article II-82 of the European Constitution and the possible measures to implement the precept that might constitute the definition of a true European language policy on regional or minority languages. Such a policy has yet to be defined.