Applying Translation Quality Standards to a Certification Procedure for U.S. Language Service Providers

Many translation quality standards have been implemented to regulate the provision and procurement of language services. However, in the absence of a standardized procedure to certify U.S. language service providers (LSPs), the industry lacks consensus with regard to requirements, procedures, and expectations. This project establishes the need for such a procedure and proposes an LSP Certification Procedure based on existing quality standards. Through a review and analysis of existing translation quality standards, an interview with a key stakeholder, and the presentation of an LSP Certification Procedure, this project concludes that the U.S. language services industry requires a procedure to certify LSPs and that such a procedure may be designed and implemented based on existing standards.

Machine translation quality in an audiovisual context

The volume of Audiovisual Translation (AVT) is increasing to meet the rising demand for data that needs to be accessible around the world. Machine Translation (MT) is one of the most innovative technologies to be deployed in the field of translation, but it is still too early to predict how it can support the creativity and productivity of professional translators in the future. Currently, MT is more widely used in (non-AV) text translation than in AVT. In this article, we discuss MT technology and demonstrate why its use in AVT scenarios is particularly challenging. We also present some potentially useful methods and tools for measuring MT quality that have been developed primarily for text translation. The ultimate objective is to bridge the gap between the tech-savvy AVT community, on the one hand, and researchers and developers in the field of high-quality MT, on the other.

Literary translation and quality assessment analysis – its significance in translation training

This paper aims to highlight the role of translation quality assessment in translation training so as to develop students’ translation competence and skills to face translation problems. An analysis to assess literary translation quality is proposed before proceeding to discuss its pedagogical implementation.

Translation and quality

This volume deals with the translation quality assessment from the perspective of a functionalist approach to translation. This approach is illustrated by examples from real translation assignments, and it is argued that quality in translation is something to be negotiated between the client and the translator. Consequences of such understanding for translator training are critically reflected upon.

Syntactic Based Machine Translation from English to Malayalam

Due to the emergence of multiple language support on the Internet, machine translation (MT) technologies are indispensable to the communication between speakers using different languages. Recent research works have started to explore tree-based machine translation systems with syntactical and morphological information. This work aims the development of Syntactic Based Machine Translation from English to Malayalam by adding different case information during translation. The system identifies general rules for various sentence patterns in English. These rules are generated using the Parts Of Speech (POS) tag information of the texts. Word Reordering based on the Syntax Tree is used to improve the translation quality of the system. The system used Bilingual English –Malayalam dictionary for translation.

A comparative study of approaches to audiovisual translation

For those who are not new to the world of Japanese animation, known mainly as anime, the debate of "dub vs. sub" is by no means anything out of the ordinary, but rather a very heated argument amongst fans. The study will focus on the differences in the US English version between the two approaches of translating audio-visual media, namely subtitling (official subtitles and fanmade subtitles) and dubbing, in a qualitative context. More precisely, which of the two approaches can store the most information from the same audiovisual segment, in order to satisfy the needs of the anime audience. In order to draw substantial conclusions, the analysis will be conducted on a corpus of 1 episode from the first season of the popular mid-nineties TV animated series, Sailor Moon. The main objective of this research is to analyze the three versions and compare the findings to what anime fans expect each of them to provide, in terms of how culture specific terms are handled, how accurate the translation is, localization, censorship, and omission. As for the fans’ opinions, the study will include a survey regarding the personal preference of fans when it comes to choosing between the official subtitled version, the fanmade subtitles and the dubbed version.

Neural Machine Translation in the Field of Law. Analysis and Evaluation against Human Reference of NMT Raw Outputs of an Atto Costitutivo of S.r.l. from Italian into German.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is gaining ever more ground in every sphere of human life, to the point that it is now even used to pass sentences in courts. The use of AI in the field of Law is however deemed quite controversial, as it could provide more objectivity yet entail an abuse of power as well, given that bias in algorithms behind AI may cause lack of accuracy. As a product of AI, machine translation is being increasingly used in the field of Law too in order to translate laws, judgements, contracts, etc. between different languages and different legal systems. In the legal setting of Company Law, accuracy of the content and suitability of terminology play a crucial role within a translation task, as any addition or omission of content or mistranslation of terms could entail legal consequences for companies. The purpose of the present study is to first assess which neural machine translation system between DeepL and ModernMT produces a more suitable translation from Italian into German of the atto costitutivo of an Italian s.r.l. in terms of accuracy of the content and correctness of terminology, and then to assess which translation proves to be closer to a human reference translation. In order to achieve the above-mentioned aims, two human and automatic evaluations are carried out based on the MQM taxonomy and the BLEU metric. Results of both evaluations show an overall better performance delivered by ModernMT in terms of content accuracy, suitability of terminology, and closeness to a human translation. As emerged from the MQM-based evaluation, its accuracy and terminology errors account for just 8.43% (as opposed to DeepL’s 9.22%), while it obtains an overall BLEU score of 29.14 (against DeepL’s 27.02). The overall performances however show that machines still face barriers in overcoming semantic complexity, tackling polysemy, and choosing domain-specific terminology, which suggests that the discrepancy with human translation may still be remarkable.

ePortfolios in translators’ training and assessment

Translator’s training and assessment has used more and more tools and innovative strategies over the years. The goals and results to achieve haven’t changed much, however: translation quality. In order to accomplish it, the translator and all the tasks and processes he develops appear as crucial, being pre-translation and post-translation processes equally important as the translation itself, namely as far as autonomy, reflexive and critical skills are concerned. Finally, the need and relevance of collaborative tasks and networks amongst virtual translation communities, led us to the decision of implementing ePortfolios as a tool to develop the requested skills and extend the use of Internet in translation. In this paper we describe a case-study of a pilot experiment on the using of e-portfolios as a translation training tool and discuss their role in the definition of a clear set of objectives and phases for the completion of each task, by helping students in the management of the projects deadlines, improving their knowledge on the construction and management of translation resources and deepening their awareness about the concepts related to the development of eportfolios.

A tradução de negócios e projetos on-line na empresa Bloomidea

Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Tradução e Comunicação Multilingue

La evaluación de la aceptabilidad de las traducciones: un estudio exploratorio sobre la idoneidad de los puntos ricos para evaluar traducciones

Aquest treball de recerca aborda l’Acceptabilitat (qualitat) de les traduccions des de diversos àmbits de la traducció: teoria de la traducció, àmbit professional, didàctica de la traducció i estudis empírics. Per allò, a partir de les publicacions fetes en aquest distints àmbits per diversos autors, grups de recerca i organismes oficials, es dedueix el que entén per una traducció de qualitat i es sintetitza fins a obtenir aquells criteris essencials d’Acceptabilitat que es desprenen de les seves publicacions, de manera que ens permeti contrastar-los entre si. Així mateix, insereix dins de la primera fase del projecte de recerca del grup PACTE (Adquisició de la Competència Traductora i Avaluació) es realitza un estudi exploratori sobre la idoneïtat dels Punts Rics com a mètode d’avaluació de la Acceptabilitat

Spotting Translationese in two Corpora of Original and Translated Catalan Texts: an Empirical Approach

This research investigates the phenomenon of translationese in two monolingual comparable corpora of original and translated Catalan texts. Translationese has been defined as the dialect, sub-language or code of translated language. This study aims at giving empirical evidence of translation universals regardless the source language.Traditionally, research conducted on translation strategies has been mainly intuition-based. Computational Linguistics and Natural Language Processing techniques provide reliable information of lexical frequencies, morphological and syntactical distribution in corpora. Therefore, they have been applied to observe which translation strategies occur in these corpora.Results seem to prove the simplification, interference and explicitation hypotheses, whereas no sign of normalization has been detected with the methodology used.The data collected and the resources created for identifying lexical, morphological and syntactic patterns of translations can be useful for Translation Studies teachers, scholars and students: teachers will have more tools to help students avoid the reproduction of translationese patterns. Resources developed will help in detecting non-genuine or inadequate structures in the target language. This fact may imply an improvement in stylistic quality in translations. Translation professionals can also take advantage of these resources to improve their translation quality.

Development of a Chinese version WHO Self-Assessment Tool for Evaluating Health Promotion in Hospital

[Support Institutions:] Department of Administration of Health, University of Montreal, Canada Public Health School of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

Analyse comparative de l’utilisation des ouvrages de référence chez des étudiants bilingues en traduction et en droit dans le domaine du droit pénal

L’objectif principal du présent mémoire est d’observer le processus de traduction d’un texte de nature juridique mis en oeuvre par deux groupes d’étudiants, cinq étudiants inscrits au baccalauréat en traduction et quatre inscrits au baccalauréat en droit. Tout d’abord, nous analyserons les différences qui existent entre les deux groupes dans leur utilisation des ouvrages de référence. Nous observerons entre autres la diversité générale des ouvrages consultés et la connaissance antérieure des ouvrages papier, la répartition par type d’ouvrages (dictionnaire bilingue, monolingue ou autres), la répartition par support d’ouvrages (électronique ou papier), l’utilisation des correcteurs, l’intensité des recherches effectuées et, finalement, le premier ouvrage consulté selon le type et le support. Ces données seront recueillies grâce à la méthode de verbalisation à voix haute et à l’enregistrement de l’écran d’ordinateur, au moyen du logiciel WebEx. Ensuite, nous évaluerons la qualité des traductions en faisant une distinction entre deux types d’erreurs, soit les erreurs de traduction et les erreurs de langue. Nous tenterons par la suite d’établir des liens entre l’utilisation des ouvrages de référence et la qualité des traductions. Nous observerons que les deux groupes utilisent les ouvrages de référence différemment et que les traducteurs ont semblé mieux outillés que les juristes pour remettre une traduction de qualité.

Traduction statistique vers une langue à morphologie riche : combinaison d’algorithmes de segmentation morphologique et de modèles statistiques de traduction automatique

Les systèmes statistiques de traduction automatique ont pour tâche la traduction d’une langue source vers une langue cible. Dans la plupart des systèmes de traduction de référence, l'unité de base considérée dans l'analyse textuelle est la forme telle qu’observée dans un texte. Une telle conception permet d’obtenir une bonne performance quand il s'agit de traduire entre deux langues morphologiquement pauvres. Toutefois, ceci n'est plus vrai lorsqu’il s’agit de traduire vers une langue morphologiquement riche (ou complexe). Le but de notre travail est de développer un système statistique de traduction automatique comme solution pour relever les défis soulevés par la complexité morphologique. Dans ce mémoire, nous examinons, dans un premier temps, un certain nombre de méthodes considérées comme des extensions aux systèmes de traduction traditionnels et nous évaluons leurs performances. Cette évaluation est faite par rapport aux systèmes à l’état de l’art (système de référence) et ceci dans des tâches de traduction anglais-inuktitut et anglais-finnois. Nous développons ensuite un nouvel algorithme de segmentation qui prend en compte les informations provenant de la paire de langues objet de la traduction. Cet algorithme de segmentation est ensuite intégré dans le modèle de traduction à base d’unités lexicales « Phrase-Based Models » pour former notre système de traduction à base de séquences de segments. Enfin, nous combinons le système obtenu avec des algorithmes de post-traitement pour obtenir un système de traduction complet. Les résultats des expériences réalisées dans ce mémoire montrent que le système de traduction à base de séquences de segments proposé permet d’obtenir des améliorations significatives au niveau de la qualité de la traduction en terme de le métrique d’évaluation BLEU (Papineni et al., 2002) et qui sert à évaluer. Plus particulièrement, notre approche de segmentation réussie à améliorer légèrement la qualité de la traduction par rapport au système de référence et une amélioration significative de la qualité de la traduction est observée par rapport aux techniques de prétraitement de base (baseline).