Gymnasisters skrivande : En studie av genre, textstruktur och sammanhang

Students in upper secondary school write in a number of different genres, and do this in school contexts as well as in their spare time. The study presented here is an overview of this activity and the genres concerned. The theoretical framework of the study is that of genre theory whereby genre is understood as a socially situated concept. The study is based on 2 000 texts gathered from students on different study programmes all over Sweden in the school year of 1996-97. The texts were written in different situations. The most important distinction made here is between test texts (i.e. texts from national tests) and self-chosen texts, which may come from schoolwriting or spare-time writing. The texts are categorized according to genre. This text inventory shows a repertoire of 33 different genres in the text material. A small number of genres, such as story, book-review and expository essay dominate the school writing. The test genres differ from this pattern in that they clearly imitate texts with a genuine communicative intent. The most frequent genres are studied further and each of them is demonstrated by an interpretative reading. This reading shows that the genres differ considerably with respect to genre character and stability of text structure. A quantitative study of text length and variation in vocabulary further shows that texts written by two categories of students, those on vocationally oriented programmes and those on programmes preparing for higher education, differ significantly. Reference cohesion is studied in a smaller sample of the texts. This lexico-semantic mechanism of cohesion proves to exhibit an interrelation with variation in vocabulary as well as with text type. One particular cohesive tie, inference, shows different patterns in texts written by the two categories of students mentioned above.

Moje teksty pisze życie – język kultury hip-hopu w polskich i niemieckich tekstach piosenek. Analiza porównawcza

Wydział Neofilologii

Att få ordning på strukturen : en litteraturstudie om betydelsen av explicit läsundervisning i skolans alla ämnen

Samhällsdebatten om de nedslående resultaten som redovisats i PIRLS 2011 visar att läsförståelseundervisningen i Sverige inte ger de resultat som förväntas. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var undersöka vilken betydelse faktatexters struktur har för läsförståelsen hos elever i årskurs 4-6. Inledningsvis redogörs för innehållet i skolans styrdokument som rör läsförståelse samt Skolverkets analyser av resultatmätningar. Dessutom redovisas Skolverkets rapporter och annan pedagogisk litteratur i frågan om vikten av att alla lärare undervisar i läsförståelse oavsett ämne. Metoden som använts är en systematisk litteraturstudie där sökmetoder och urval redovisas. Studiens resultat visar att elever som undervisats i olika texttypers strukturer inte bara förstår texten bättre, de får också bättre förutsättningar att producera egna texter i olika genrer. Vid användning av grafiska modeller som är anpassade till aktuell struktur ökar möjligheten till textförståelse och textproduktion ytterligare. En slutsats från studien är att förutsättningen för att elever ska utveckla sin läsförståelse är lärarens explicita läsförståelseundervisning i alla ämnen.

Mot ökad diskursivitet? : Skrivutveckling speglad i provtexter från årskurs 5 och årskurs 9

Drawing onobservations in texts from the national test in Swedish, the report discusses tworelated questions: 1) whether students develop their writing abilities betweengrades 5 and 9, two measuring points in the system of national tests in Swedish,and 2) how this development might be measured. In the study, two samples ofschool texts – from grades 5 and 9 respectively – were compared in terms of textlength, sentence length and genre match at a macro level. A more detailedanalysis of lexical concentration and text structure was performed on a narrowersample of twenty texts from each school grade. The comparison showed that theolder pupils write longer texts, with longer sentences and a more varied textstructure. The younger children, however, produce texts with higher lexicalconcentration – which might be construed as a higher degree of textual content –and they follow the given genre instructions more closely.