Characteristics of the sportsmanship and unsportsmanlike conduct evaluation tools in youth sport

World Conference on Psychology and Sociology 2012

Sportsmanship rating scale in tennis competition with young players

World Conference on Psychology and Sociology 2012

Deportividad y violencia en el fútbol base: un programa de evaluación y de prevención de partidos de riesgo

Este trabajo ha recibido el “Primer Premio Delegación del Gobierno en Aragón a las buenas prácticas contra la delincuencia juvenil” (Convocatoria 2007).

Negociación e intervención en crisis: dos experiencias prácticas en la prevención de la violencia en el fútbol base

En esta comunicación se presentan dos experiencias aplicadas que forman parte de un programa de prevención de la violencia en el deporte de base. En la primera de ellas, el objetivo era la adquisición del compromiso de los entrenadores y árbitros pertenecientes a una misma categoría (1ª cadete) en el cumplimiento de unas pautas de conductas en los partidos. Para ello, se llevaron a cabo talleres de manera conjunta con árbitros y entrenadores en los que se pretendía: 1) fomentar una relación cordial y de cooperación entre los entrenadores y los árbitros; 2) adquirir el compromiso para el aumento de las actitudes y conductas deportivas de entrenadores y árbitros durante los partidos de fútbol y disminuir las inapropiadas; 3) conocer las actitudes y conductas que más incomodan al otro colectivo durante los partidos, con el fin de evitarlas; y 4) refrendar por escrito los acuerdos a los que ambos grupos llegaron a la conclusión de los talleres. Los resultados de este estudio reflejan que la aceptación y la adherencia a la emisión de estas conductas tuvo un efecto positivo en la mejora del clima entre ambos colectivos y en la mejora de la deportividad en los partidos de fútbol. En el segundo estudio, se identificó un equipo que durante la temporada 2007-2008 mostró repetidamente comportamientos antideportivos. Por ello, con el objetivo de reducir estas conductas problemáticas, se implementó un programa de “intervención en crisis” de 14 semanas de duración en el que se pretendía: 1) conseguir que el equipo integre la figura de un nuevo preparador físico dentro del cuerpo técnico; 2) implantar o mejorar las normas básicas de comportamiento individual y colectivo tanto en los entrenamientos como en los partidos; 3) desarrollar un método de trabajo en equipo durante el entrenamiento en el que cada jugador comprendiera y aceptara el papel que desempeña dentro del equipo; y 4) aumentar el repertorio de recursos ante situaciones potencialmente violentas para eliminar las conductas agresivas-violentas mediante la incorporación de rutinas individuales y colectivas de control. Los resultados de este estudio confirman la eficacia de la intervención, no sólo en la disminución de incidentes violentos durante los partidos jugados, sino en una valoración positiva del entrenador, directivos, padres y jugadores.

Elaboración del registro de evaluación del continuo deportividad-violencia en la competición del fútbol base (REPF)

[ES] En este estudio se describe el proceso seguido para la elaboración del auto-registro, diseñado específicamente para la medición de los estructos "deportividad”, “agresividad" y “violencia”. Este instrumento permite la recogida de información sobre actitudes y conductas relacionadas con la deportividad, la agresividad y la violencia de los diferentes agentes sociales que rodean a los jóvenes deportistas en categorías deportivas de formación (padres/espectadores, entrenadores y árbitros). Por otro lado, se detalla la estructura de este instrumento y las características psicométricas del mismo -validez y fiabilidad-.

El deporte como medio para el fomento de la deportividad: un programa educativo en centros escolares alaveses

LCC Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada 3.0 España

Prevención de la agresividad y la violencia en el deporte en edad escolar: Un estudio de revisión.

Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada 3.0 España (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 ES)

Protocolo de prevención de partidos de riesgo: una experiencia aplicada para la prevención de la violencia en el fútbol base

[EN] This study presents an applied experience which takes part of a program on prevention of the violence in soccer in school age. The aim was the acquisition of the commitment of the trainers involved in matches considered as non sportive, in the fulfillment of sportive behavior guidelines. To achieve this aim, a meeting was carried out by the trainers of the equipments that led violent incidents in the first round of the league, with the presidents of these equipments, with representatives of the local football Federation and with representatives of the Committee of referees. From this meeting it was intended: 1) to reduce the probability of aggressive and violent incidents; 2) to promote a relation of cooperation between the entities of the teams that led non sportive incidents, and the referee group; and 3) Make the sports context be a protector to prevent non sportive behaviors. The results of this study reflect that the participation had a positive effect in the improvement of the sportsmanship in the return football matches of the league.

Evaluación de la violencia y deportividad en el deporte: un análisis bibliométrico

Nº monográfico: Análisis de datos en estudios observacionales de Ciencias del Deporte (2). Aportaciones desde Mixed Methods.

Virtuosidade organizacional, empenhamento e comportamentos de cidadania organizacional

Os recentes colapsos morais e financeiros de organizações outrora reputadas, que têm ocorrido por todo o mundo, conduziram a comunidade empresarial, a imprensa popular e de negócios, assim como os investigadores a redescobrirem o papel da virtuosidade no contexto organizacional. A presente investigação pretende contribuir para manter este momentum. Procuramos responder à sugestão de alguns autores para que o estudo exploratório de Cameron, Bright e Caza (2004), que relaciona virtuosidade organizacional com desempenho, tenha continuidade, e que a sua medida de virtuosidade seja empregue noutros contextos e em relação a outros resultados (Wright & Goodstein, 2007). Este estudo empírico investiga como (a) as percepções de virtuosidade organizacional dos indivíduos explicam os seus níveis de empenhamento organizacional, (b) o empenhamento organizacional influencia os comportamentos de cidadania organizacional, (c) as percepções de virtuosidade organizacional predizem directamente os comportamentos de cidadania organizacional, e (d) o empenhamento organizacional medeia a relação entre as percepções de virtuosidade organizacional e os comportamentos de cidadania organizacional. Foram inquiridos 212 indivíduos oriundos de 14 organizações do sector industrial. Os indivíduos descreveram as suas percepções de virtuosidade organizacional e o seu empenhamento para com a organização; os seus comportamentos de cidadania organizacional foram relatados pelo respectivo supervisor. Os principais resultados sugerem que (a) as percepções de virtuosidade organizacional explicam o empenhamento afectivo e o empenhamento normativo, (b) o empenhamento normativo fomenta os comportamentos altruístas, (c) as percepções de virtuosidade organizacional explicam o desportivismo, a virtude cívica, o altruísmo, e o comportamento de cidadania organizacional global, e (d) o empenhamento normativo medeia a relação entre as percepções de virtuosidade organizacional e o altruísmo. Pesem embora as limitações do estudo, a evidência empírica obtida sugere que a virtuosidade organizacional é digna de um estatuto mais elevado na literatura e que deve ser levada em consideração pela comunidade empresarial.

Les relations entres les générations, les valeurs au travail et les comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle

Notre recherche a pour but de mieux comprendre les comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle et plus particulièrement ce qui peut les favoriser ou les défavoriser. Nous en avons retenu cinq pour notre recherche: les comportements de vertu civique, d’esprit d’équipe, conformistes, de courtoisie et d’altruisme Nous avons choisi d’étudier l’influence des valeurs au travail sur ces comportements et notre objectif est de vérifier l’influence de 28 valeurs au travail sur nos cinq comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle. Par ailleurs, nous avons choisi d’inclure à notre modèle de recherche la variable des générations. Nous cherchons à savoir si les valeurs au travail peuvent changer en fonction de l’appartenance d’un individu à l’une des 4 générations présentes sur le marché du travail (Vétérans, Baby Boomers, X et Y) et si le fait d’appartenir à une géné-ration plutôt qu’une autre aura un impact sur les comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle. Les données ont été collectées au sein de la firme de sondage l’Observateur. Au total, 278 questionnaires sont utilisables dans le cadre de notre recherche. Des analyses de régression hiérarchiques ont permis de vérifier la capacité explicative des valeurs sur les comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle. Des tests post hoc de Scheffé ont permis de vérifier l’existence de différences de valeurs entre les générations et des analyses de variance nous ont permis de vérifier l’influence des générations sur les comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle. Les résultats indiquent que des liens significatifs existent entre les valeurs et les comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle permettant ainsi de confirmer l’influence favorable ou défavorable de certaines valeurs parmi les 28 à l’étude sur nos cinq comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle. En ce qui a trait aux différences existan-tes entre nos générations à l’étude, les résultats nous révèlent qu’elles sont beaucoup moins importantes que ce que la littérature nous laisse penser. Finalement, nos résultats ne nous permettent pas de confirmer que certaines générations sont plus disposées que d’autres à adopter des comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle. Mots-clés : valeurs au travail, génération, comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle.

Promoting social skills in hearing impaired children ages 11 - 14

This paper presents a project teaching social skills to hearing-impaired children ages 11 to 14. Three categories of social skills are included - sportsmanship, sharing, and cooperating – and are practiced by means of recreational and leisure activities and through role plays.

The attribution of motives to organizational citizenship behaviors: The influence of personality, gender and ethnicity

A major area of research in the realm of Industrial/Organizational Psychology is the exploration of specific job performance behaviors such as organizational citizenship behaviors (GCBs). However, there is a dearth of research examining how peers react to OCBs and the performers of such behaviors. Bolino noted that determining how people attribute motives to these OCBs is an important yet unanswered question in industrial/organizational psychology. The present study attempted to provide insight on what observer (or rater) traits affect the motives attributed to organizational citizenship behaviors. In particular, the effects of personality traits such as the Big Five personality factors, self-monitoring, individualism-collectivism, negative affectivity and identity factors such as cultural mistrust, ethnic orientation, and perceived similarity were examined. A within-subjects survey design was used to collect data on six hypothetical organizational citizenship behaviors from a sample of 369 participants. The gender and ethnicity of the individuals performing the hypothetical organizational citizenship behaviors were manipulated (i.e., male or female; African-American, Hispanic, or White). ^ Results indicated that both similarity (t(368) = 5.13; p .01) and personality factors (R2 = .06 for genuine motives and R2 = .05 for self-serving motives) had an effect on which motive (genuine or self-serving) was attributed to organizational citizenship behaviors. Support was found for an interaction between similarity and the observer's personality trait of conscientiousness when attributing genuine motives to organizational citizenship behaviors. Finally, specific organizational citizenship behaviors such as altruism were linked to genuine motives while OCBs like conscientiousness, sportsmanship, and civic virtue were associated with self-serving motives. ^

The attribution of motives to organizational citizenship behaviors : the influence of personality, gender and ethnicity

A major area of research in the realm of Industrial/Organizational Psychology is the exploration of specific job performance behaviors such as organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs). However, there is a dearth of research examining how peers react to OCBs and the performers of such behaviors. Bolino noted that determining how people attribute motives to these OCBs is an important yet unanswered question in industrial/organizational psychology. The present study attempted to provide insight on what observer (or rater) traits affect the motives attributed to organizational citizenship behaviors. In particular, the effects of personality traits such as the Big Five personality factors, self-monitoring, individualism-collectivism, negative affectivity and identity factors such as cultural mistrust, ethnic orientation, and perceived similarity were examined. A within-subjects survey design was used to collect data on six hypothetical organizational citizenship behaviors from a sample of 369 participants. The gender and ethnicity of the individuals performing the hypothetical organizational citizenship behaviors were manipulated (i.e., male or female; African-American, Hispanic, or White). Results indicated that both similarity (t(368)=5.13; p .01) and personality factors (R2 =.06 for genuine motives and R2 = .05 for self-serving motives) had an effect on which motive (genuine or self-serving) was attributed to organizational citizenship behaviors. Support was found for an interaction between similarity and the observer's personality trait of conscientiousness when attributing genuine motives to organizational citizenship behaviors. Finally, specific organizational citizenship behaviors such as altruism were linked to genuine motives while OCBs like conscientiousness, sportsmanship, and civic virtue were associated with self-serving motives.

International flavours

It is an Olympic year and we have just witnessed the fantastic games hosted by Rio de Janeiro. Well done to team USA for winning the most medals overall but also well done to so many other nations and individuals who performed so well or were ambassadors in other ways. Teenage swimmer Yusra Mardini who swam for the refugee team and South Africa's Wayde van Niekerk who broke the longstanding 400 m record of Michael Johnson that has stood since 1999. Of course, we must mention sprinter Usain Bolt and swimmer Michael Phelps, who have now transcended superstar status and entered a new level of icon. My personal highlight was the sportsmanship witnessed in the 5000 m when American Abbey D’Agostino was accidentally felled by New Zealand runner Nikki Hamblin. D’Agostino helped Hamblin back to her feet but slumped to the track after realising her own injury. Hamblin helped her up and stayed with her so that both completed the race. The International Olympic Committee has awarded both with the prestigious Pierre de Coubertin award, also known as the International Fair Play Trophy. Fair play is of paramount importance in publishing in peer-reviewed papers. At CLAE we try and maintain, as do other journals, this by ensuring double blind peer review and allowing authors to select the most appropriate handling editor for their submission. Our handling editors are placed across the world (2 in Europe, 1 in the Americas, 1 in Australia and 1 in Asia) and part of their role is to encourage submissions from their region. Over the last decade we certainly have seen more and more papers from places that haven’t previously published in CLAE. In this issue of CLAE we have a true international blend of papers. We have papers from authors from the UK, USA, Iran, Jordan, France, Poland, Turkey, Nigeria, France, Spain and Brazil. I think it's a testament to the continued success of the journal that we are attracting new writers from so many parts of the world and retain papers from more established authors and research centres. We do continue to attract many weaker papers that are rejected early in the review process. Often these will be unexceptional case reports or papers describing a surgical technique. Case reports are published but only those that offer something original and especially those with interesting photographs. In this issue you will see Professor James Wolffsohn (UK) has an interesting paper around a lot of the focus of his recent research activity into clinical evaluation of methods of correcting presbyopia. In this paper he highlights predictors to aid success of presbyopic contact lenses. If you have been involved in any clinical work or research in the field of dry eye disease then you will know well the CLDEQ (Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire) devised by Robin Chalmers and her colleagues (USA). This issue of CLAE details the latest research using the CLDEQ-8 (the 8 item version of the CLDEQ). The Shahroud Eye Cohort Study has produced many papers already and in this issue we see Fotouhi Akbar (Iran) looking at changes in central and peripheral corneal thickness over a five year period. These days we use a lot of new instrumentation, such as optical low-coherence reflectometry. In this issue Emre Güler (Turkey) compares that to a new optical biometry unit. Dry eye is more common and in this issue we see a study by Oluyemi Fasina (Nigeria) to investigate the disease in adults in South-West Nigeria. The TearLab™ is now commonly used to investigate osmolarity and Dorota Szczesna-Iskander (Poland) looks at measurement variability of this device. Following the theme of dry eyes and tear testing Renaud Laballe (France) looks at the use of scleral lenses as a reservoir-based ocular therapeutic system. In this issue we have a couple of papers looking at different aspects of keratoconus. Magdalena Popiela (UK) looks at demographics of older keratoconic patients in Wales, Faik Orucoglu (Turkey) reports a novel scoring system for distinguishing keratoconus from normal eyes, Gonzalo Carracedo (Spain) reports the effect of rigid gas permeable lens wear on dry eye in keratoconus and Hatice Nur Colak (Turkey) compares topographic and aberrations in keratoconus. Other interesting papers you will find are Mera Haddad (Jordan) investigates contact lens prescribing in Jordan, Camilla Fraga Amaral (Brazil) offers a report on the use of ocular prosthetics, Naveed Ahmed Khan (Malaysia) reports of the use of dimethyl sulfoxide in contact lens disinfectant and Michael Killpartrick (UK) offers a short piece with some useful advice on contamination risk factors that may occur from the posterior surface of disposable lenses. So for this issue I would say that the Gold Medal for biggest contribution in terms of papers has to go to Turkey. I could have awarded it to the UK too, but Turkey has three full papers and the UK has two plus one short communication. Turkey is also one of the countries that has shown the largest increase in submissions over the last decade. Finally, welcome aboard to our newest Editorial Board Member Nicole Carnt from Australia. Nicole has been an active researcher for many years and acted as a reviewer for CLAE many times in the past. We look forward to working with you.