The marginal propensity to spend on adult children

We examine how much of an extra dollar of parental lifetime resources willultimately be passed on to adult children in the form of inter vivostransfers and bequests. We infer bequests from the stock of wealth late inlife. We use mortality rates and age specific estimates of the response oftransfers and wealth to permanent income to compute the expected presentdiscounted values of these responses to permanent income. Our estimatesimply parents pass on between 2 and 3 cents out of an extra dollar ofexpected lifetime resources in bequests and about 2 cents in transfers.The estimates increase with parental income and are smaller for nonwhites.They imply that about 15 percent of the effect of parental income onlifetime resources of adult children is through transfers and bequestsand about 85 percent is through the intergenerational correlation inearnings, although these estimates are sensitive to assumptions about theintergenerational earnings correlation, taxes, and the number of children.We compare our estimates to the implications of alternative computablebenchmark models of savings behavior in order to assess the likelyimportance of intended bequests for the wealth/income relationship.

Where and how family members spend time at home? A quantitative analysis of the observational tracking on the everyday lives of Italian families

This paper examines a dataset that derives from an observational tracking, in order to analyze where and how middle-class working families spend time at home. We use an ethnographic approach to study the everyday lives of Italian dual-income middle-class families, with the aim to analyze quantitatively the use of home spaces and the types of activities of family members on weekday afternoons and evenings. The different analyses (multiple correspondence analysis, agglomerative hierarchical cluster, discriminant analysis) show how particular spaces and activities in these spaces are dominated by certain family members. We suggest a combination of qualitative and quantitative methodologies as useful tools to explore in detail the everyday lives of families, and to understand how family members use the domestic spaces. In particular, we consider relevant the use of quantitative analyses to examine ethnographic data, especially in connection with the methodological reflexivity among researchers

Spend-analyysin toteuttaminen ja hyödyntäminen hankintatoimen kehittämisessä epäsuorien hankintojen osalta

Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää, miten spend-analyysiä voidaan hyödyntää hankintatoimen kehittämisessä epäsuorien hankintojen osalta. Tutkimuksessa hyödynnettiin kohdeyrityksessä spend-analyysin toteuttamiseen kehitettyä työvälinettä, jonka avulla aikaa ja resursseja vievä datan kerääminen useista toiminnanohjausjärjestelmistä on saatu automatisoitua. Tutkimus suoritettiin toimintatutkimuksena, jonka lisäksi tietoa kohdeyrityksestä ja spend-analyysin käytöstä kerättiin kyselyillä. Kirjallisuutta tutkittiin niiltä osin, kun sen katsottiin tukevan tutkimusta. Tutkimuksen tuloksena havaittiin, että spend-analyysi luo pohjan hankintatoimen kehittämiselle. Spend-analyysiä voidaan hyödyntää hankintojen seuraamisessa, osana toimittajien hallinnointia, synergiaetujen löytämisessä, hankintojen hallinnoinnissa, kustannusten hallinnoinnissa, toiminnan suunnittelussa sekä suunnitelmien seurannassa, sopimusten noudattamisen seurannassa, kustannustietoisuuden parantamisessa sekä päätöksenteossa hyödynnettävän informaation tuottamiseksi. Lisäksi havaittiin, että kohdeyrityksessä käytössä olevaa työvälinettä voidaan kehittää spend-analyysin laadun parantamiseksi esimerkiksi yhdenmukaistamalla kirjauskäytäntöjä.

Controlling and Assessment Indirect Spend – Case Study from Beverage Industry

Over the past decades, companies’ interest in controlling indirect sourcing process has increased. New indirect procurement strategies developed for the companies are needed in order to manage their indirect costs. New cost management strategies allow companies to improve their core competences. The research methodology and used in this thesis is qualitative. The theory is based on scientific publications. Empirical data given by the case organization, and was collected in the company’s own systems and in project steering meetings. The purpose of the study was to select a new electronic system for the company and give options for the company to reduce case organization’s indirect costs. The result showed that the most effective indirect cost management strategy was adopting a new electronic procurement system.

How much can we spend on education?

Includes bibliography

Where to spend the holidays : favourite resorts in North & Central Wales, the English Lake District, Scotland & Ireland.

Includes index.

Where shall I spend my holidays? : some aids to a decision (topographical, antiquarian, literary) /

Books and maps in the Central Public Library relating to holiday resorts within the British Isles.

Sparing to spend, or, The Loftons and Pinkertons /

Mode of access: Internet.

How to spend your money

"First published, 1931."

How consumers spend their money.

Mode of access: Internet.

Sparing to spend; or, The Loftons and Pinkertons.

Mode of access: Internet.