116 resultados para sosioemotionaaliset taidot
Resumo:
Julkaisumaa: Hong Kong
Resumo:
Opinnäytetyön tarkoitus on arvioida Helsingin ammattikorkeakoulu Stadian ensihoitajaopiskelijoiden OSCE-mittarin pohjalta kehittämän Käden taidot -mittarin soveltuvuutta intraoperatiivisen hoitotyön käyttöön. Soveltuvuuden arviointi on kohdennettu anestesiapuolella työskentelevän sairaanhoitajan työnkuvaan. Opinnäytetyö liittyy Keski-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitoksen ja Helsingin ammattikorkeakoulu Stadian yhteiseen KUOSCE-hankkeeseen. Työssä hyödynnetään Stadian ensihoitajaopiskelijoiden tekemää opinnäytetyötä aiheesta Keskeisten kädentaitojen osaaminen perustason sairaankuljetuksessa. Tämän opinnäytetyön ja Keski-Uudenmaan pelastuslaitoksen välillä ei ole varsinaista yhteistyötä. Toisin sanoen emme ole heidän kanssaan yhteyksissä eikä tätä työtä ole tarkoitettu heidän käyttöönsä. Työssä arvioidaan Käden taidot -mittarin soveltuvuutta intraoperatiiviseen hoitotyöhön alan kirjallisuuden ja tutkimusten perusteella. Näistä esiin nousevat sairaanhoitajan osaamisvaatimukset toimivat pohjana mittarin soveltuvuuden arvioinnille. Esiin nousseiden osaamisvaatimusten ja mittarilta vaadittavien kriteerien perusteella päädyttiin tulokseen, että Käden taidot -mittaria voidaan hyödyntää intraoperatiivisessa hoitotyössä. Pienten muutoksien avulla mittari olisi käyttökelpoinen työväline leikkaussalissa anestesiapuolella työskentelevän sairaanhoitajan käden taitojen arvioinnissa. Tulevaisuudessa työtä voidaan käyttää hyödyksi kehiteltäessä omaa mittaria intraoperatiivisen hoitotyön käyttöön ja erityisesti kehitettäessä keinoa, minkä avulla voidaan arvioida anestesiapuolen sairaanhoitajan ammattiosaamista.
Resumo:
The research assesses the skills of upper comprehensive school pupils in history. The focus is on locating personal motives, assessing wider reasons hidden in historical sources and evaluating source reliability. The research also questions how a wide use of multiple sources affects pupils’ holistic understanding of historical phenomena. The participants were a multicultural group of pupils. The origins of their cultures can be traced to the Balkan, the Middle East, Asia and Europe. The number of native Finnish speakers and pupils speaking Finnish as their second language was almost equal. The multicultural composition provides opportunities to assess how culturally responsive learning history from sources is. The intercultural approach to learning in a multicultural setting emphasizes equality as a precondition for learning. In order to set assignments at least to some extent match with all participants only those answers were taken into account which were produced by pupils who had studied history for a similar period of time in the Finnish comprehensive school system. Due to the small number of participants (41), the study avoids wide generalizations. Nevertheless, possible cultural blueprints in pupils’ way of thinking are noted. The first test examined the skills of pupils to find motives for emigration. The results showed that for 7th graders finding reasons is not a problematic task. However, the number of reasons noticed and justifications varied. In addition, the way the pupils explained their choices was a distinguishing factor. Some pupils interpreted source material making use of previous knowledge on the issue, while other pupils based their analysis solely on the text handed and did not try to add their own knowledge. Answers were divided into three categories: historical, explanatory and stating. Historical answers combined smoothly previously learned historical knowledge to one’s own source analysis; explanatory answers often ignored a wider frame, although they were effective when explaining e.g. historical concepts. The stating answers only noticed motives from the sources and made no attempts to explain them historically. Was the first test culturally responsive? All pupils representing different cultures tackled the first source exam successfully, but there were some signs of how historical concepts are understood in a slightly different way if the pupil’s personal history has no linkage to the concepts under scrutiny. The second test focused on the history of Native Americans. The test first required pupils to recognize whether short source extracts (5) were written by Indians or Caucasians. Based on what they had already learned from North American history, the pupils did not find it hard to distinguish between the sources. The analysis of multiphase causes and consequences of the disputes between Native Americans and white Americans caused dispersion among pupils. Using two historical sources and combining historical knowledge from both of them simultaneously was cumbersome for many. The explanations of consequences can be divided into two groups: the ones emphasizing short term consequences and those placing emphasis on long term consequences. The short term approach was mainly followed by boys in every group. The girls mainly paid attention to long term consequences. The result suggests that historical knowledge in sources is at least to some extent read through role and gender lenses. The third test required pupils to explain in their own words how the three sources given differed in their account of living conditions in Nazi Germany, which turned out to be demanding for many pupils. The pupils’ stronghold was rather the assessment of source reliability and accounts why the sources approached the same events differently. All participants wrote critical and justified comments on reliability and aspects that might have affected the content of the sources. The pupils felt that the main reasons that affected source reliability were the authors’ ethnic background, nationality and profession. The assessment showed that pupils were well aware that position in a historical situation has an impact on historical accounts, but in certain cases the victim’s account was seen as a historical truth. The account of events by a historian was chosen most often as the most reliable source, but it was often justified leniently with an indication to professionalism rather than with clear ideas of how historians conduct accounts based on sources. In brief, the last source test demonstrates that pupils have a strong idea that the ethnicity or nationalism determines how people explained events of the past. It is also an implication that pupils understand how historical knowledge is interpretative. The results also imply that history can be analyzed from a neutral perspective. One’s own membership in an ethnical or religious group does not automatically mean that a person’s cultural identity excludes historical explanations if something in them contradicts with his or her identity. The second method of extracting knowledge of pupils’ historical thinking was an essay analysis. The analysis shows that an analytical account of complicated political issues, which often include a great number of complicated political concepts, leads more likely to an inconsistent structure in the written work of pupils. The material also demonstrates that pupils have a strong tendency to take a critical stance when assessing history. Historical empathy in particular is shown if history somehow has a linkage to young people, children or minorities. Some topics can also awake strong feelings, especially among pupils with emigrant background, if there is a linkage between one’s own personal history and that of the school; and occasionally a student’s historical experience or thoughts replaced school history. Using sources during history lessons at school seems to have many advantages. It enhances the reasoning skills of pupils and their skills to assess the nature of historical knowledge. Thus one of the main aims and a great benefit of source work is to encourage pupils to express their own ideas and opinions. To conclude, when assessing the skills of adolescents in history - their work with sources, comments on history, historical knowledge and finally their historical thinking - one should be cautious and avoid cut off score evaluations. One purpose of pursuing history with sources is to encourage pupils to think independently, which is a useful tool for further identity construction. The idea that pupils have the right to conduct their own interpretations of history can be partially understood as part of a wider learning process, justification to study history comes from extrinsic reasons. The intrinsic reason is history itself; in order to understand history one should have a basic understanding of history as a specific domain of knowledge. Using sources does not mean that knowing history is of secondary importance. Only a balance between knowing the contextual history, understanding basic key concepts and working with sources is a solid base to improve pupils’ historical understanding.
Resumo:
Tämä tutkimus on pääosin kvantitatiivinen tutkimus peruskoulun neljäsluokkalaisten lukuharrastuksesta ja luovan kirjoittamisen taidoista. Tarkoituksena on selvittää, kuinka paljon ja mitä tutkimusjoukkoon kuuluvat neljäsluokkalaiset lukevat sekä minkälaisia kirjoitelmia he kirjoittavat. Tavoitteena on myös tutkia, miten lukuharrastuneisuudelta erilaisten oppilaiden kirjoitelmat eroavat toisistaan. Lisäksi halutaan saada tietää, poikkeavatko tyttöjen ja poikien lukemisharrastukset, lukemiskulttuurit ja kirjoitelmat toisistaan. Tutkimusjoukkoon kuuluu 68 oppilasta yhteensä kolmesta peruskoulun neljännestä luokasta. Kaikki koulut ovat Pirkanmaan alueella. Tutkimusaineisto kerättiin kyselylomakkeella ja oppilaiden kirjoitelmista. Tutkimuksen tulosten mukaan tytöt lukevat kirjoja ja lehtiä enemmän kuin pojat. Poikiin verrattuna tytöt myös lukevat useammin kavereiden tai sisarusten kanssa. Sekä poikien että tyttöjen lempikirjoja ovat vitsikirjat, sarjakuvakirjat ja -lehdet sekä kirjasarjat. Vastaajat lukevat paljon myös erilaisia tietokirjoja. Tutkimukseen osallistuneet oppilaat etsivät ja valitsevat luettavansa mieluiten itse. Tässä tutkimuksessa neljäsluokkalaisten kirjoitelmissa yleisin piirre on havainnollisuus, joka ilmenee hahmojen ja tapahtumien tarkkana kuvailuna. Tytöt suoriutuivat kirjoitelmien kirjoittamisesta paremmin kuin pojat. Tutkimuksen tulokset osoittavat, että ne, jotka lukevat paljon taitavat kirjoittamisen paremmin kuin ne, jotka lukevat vähän. Tutkimuksen tulokset nostavat esiin kysymyksen siitä, miten pojat tai muuten vähän lukevat saataisiin lukuharrastuksen piiriin ja siten kehittämään omaa kielenkäyttötaitoaan sekä keskusteluin että kirjoittamalla.