Pesten op de basisschool

Mooij, T. (2010). Pesten op de basisschool. In R. Loeber, W. Slot, P. van der Laan, M. Hoeve, & D. Graas (Eds.), Misdadigers van morgen? Over de ontwikkeling en effectieve aanpak van jeugddelinquentie onder twaalfminners (pp. 101-108). Amsterdam: SWP.

De in den handel voorkomende kina-basten pharmacologisch behandeld en toegepast op de soorten welke in de Pharmacopœa Belgica vermeld zijn /

Includes bibliographical references.

Nieuwe en naauwkeurige verhandeling van den tabak. Waarin desselfs oorsprong, soorten, voortkweeking, koophandel, deugden en eigenschappen, genees- en heelkundige, en andere gebruiken, natuur- en proefkundig onderzogt worden ...

Bound with this is: Verhandeling over den tabak, tweede stukje. 2. druk. 1798.

Where and how to conserve: Extending the scope of spatial reserve network design

Ongoing habitat loss and fragmentation threaten much of the biodiversity that we know today. As such, conservation efforts are required if we want to protect biodiversity. Conservation budgets are typically tight, making the cost-effective selection of protected areas difficult. Therefore, reserve design methods have been developed to identify sets of sites, that together represent the species of conservation interest in a cost-effective manner. To be able to select reserve networks, data on species distributions is needed. Such data is often incomplete, but species habitat distribution models (SHDMs) can be used to link the occurrence of the species at the surveyed sites to the environmental conditions at these locations (e.g. climatic, vegetation and soil conditions). The probability of the species occurring at unvisited location is next predicted by the model, based on the environmental conditions of those sites. The spatial configuration of reserve networks is important, because habitat loss around reserves can influence the persistence of species inside the network. Since species differ in their requirements for network configuration, the spatial cohesion of networks needs to be species-specific. A way to account for species-specific requirements is to use spatial variables in SHDMs. Spatial SHDMs allow the evaluation of the effect of reserve network configuration on the probability of occurrence of the species inside the network. Even though reserves are important for conservation, they are not the only option available to conservation planners. To enhance or maintain habitat quality, restoration or maintenance measures are sometimes required. As a result, the number of conservation options per site increases. Currently available reserve selection tools do however not offer the ability to handle multiple, alternative options per site. This thesis extends the existing methodology for reserve design, by offering methods to identify cost-effective conservation planning solutions when multiple, alternative conservation options are available per site. Although restoration and maintenance measures are beneficial to certain species, they can be harmful to other species with different requirements. This introduces trade-offs between species when identifying which conservation action is best applied to which site. The thesis describes how the strength of such trade-offs can be identified, which is useful for assessing consequences of conservation decisions regarding species priorities and budget. Furthermore, the results of the thesis indicate that spatial SHDMs can be successfully used to account for species-specific requirements for spatial cohesion - in the reserve selection (single-option) context as well as in the multi-option context. Accounting for the spatial requirements of multiple species and allowing for several conservation options is however complicated, due to trade-offs in species requirements. It is also shown that spatial SHDMs can be successfully used for gaining information on factors that drive a species spatial distribution. Such information is valuable to conservation planning, as better knowledge on species requirements facilitates the design of networks for species persistence. This methods and results described in this thesis aim to improve species probabilities of persistence, by taking better account of species habitat and spatial requirements. Many real-world conservation planning problems are characterised by a variety of conservation options related to protection, restoration and maintenance of habitat. Planning tools therefore need to be able to incorporate multiple conservation options per site, in order to continue the search for cost-effective conservation planning solutions. Simultaneously, the spatial requirements of species need to be considered. The methods described in this thesis offer a starting point for combining these two relevant aspects of conservation planning.

Infection mechanism of Diplodia corticola

Diplodia corticola is regarded as the most virulent fungus involved in cork oak decline, being able to infect not only Quercus species (mainly Q. suber and Q. ilex), but also grapevines (Vitis vinifera) and eucalypts (Eucalyptus sp.). This endophytic fungus is also a pathogen whose virulence usually manifests with the onset of plant stress. Considering that the infection normally culminates in host death, there is a growing ecologic and socio-economic concern about D. corticola propagation. The molecular mechanisms of infection are hitherto largely unknown. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to unveil potential virulence effectors implicated in D. corticola infection. This knowledge is fundamental to outline the molecular framework that permits the fungal invasion and proliferation in plant hosts, causing disease. Since the effectors deployed are mostly proteins, we adopted a proteomic approach. We performed in planta pathogenicity tests to select two D. corticola strains with distinct virulence degrees for our studies. Like other filamentous fungi D. corticola secretes protein at low concentrations in vitro in the presence of high levels of polysaccharides, two characteristics that hamper the fungal secretome analysis. Therefore, we first compared several methods of extracellular protein extraction to assess their performance and compatibility with 1D and 2D electrophoretic separation. TCA-Acetone and TCA-phenol protein precipitation were the most efficient methods and the former was adopted for further studies. The proteins were extracted and separated by 2D-PAGE, proteins were digested with trypsin and the resulting peptides were further analysed by MS/MS. Their identification was performed by de novo sequencing and/or MASCOT search. We were able to identify 80 extracellular and 162 intracellular proteins, a milestone for the Botryosphaeriaceae family that contains only one member with the proteome characterized. We also performed an extensive comparative 2D gel analysis to highlight the differentially expressed proteins during the host mimicry. Moreover, we compared the protein profiles of the two strains with different degrees of virulence. In short, we characterized for the first time the secretome and proteome of D. corticola. The obtained results contribute to the elucidation of some aspects of the biology of the fungus. The avirulent strain contains an assortment of proteins that facilitate the adaptation to diverse substrates and the identified proteins suggest that the fungus degrades the host tissues through Fenton reactions. On the other hand, the virulent strain seems to have adapted its secretome to the host characteristics. Furthermore, the results indicate that this strain metabolizes aminobutyric acid, a molecule that might be the triggering factor of the transition from a latent to a pathogenic state. Lastly, the secretome includes potential pathogenicity effectors, such as deuterolysin (peptidase M35) and cerato-platanin, proteins that might play an active role in the phytopathogenic lifestyle of the fungus. Overall, our results suggest that D. corticola has a hemibiotrophic lifestyle, switching from a biotrophic to a necrotrophic interaction after plant physiologic disturbances.This understanding is essential for further development of effective plant protection measures.

Első jelentés a Magyarhoni Földtani Társulatról.

No more published.

Századunk.

Mode of access: Internet.

A kapcsolt-részek (Slavonia-Croatia) történelmi- s jog-viszonyai Magyar-országhoz ...

Imprint on cover: Pesten, Ráth Mór bizományában.

Danmarks folkesagn.

1. deel. Historiske sagn: Historiske sagn. Om historiske personer og familiesagn. Sted-sagn: Sagn om byer og forskiellige steder. Kitker og klostre. Gaardsagn. Sagn om præster og kloge mænd. Skatte og skattegravere. Sagn om revere.--2. deel. Sagn om naturgienstande: Om sær, bundlese kiær, aaer og fiorde. Sagn om kilder, Sandbakker, huler og kaempestene. Skove, træer og afsviet græs. Om pesten. Om rotter. Sagn om det overnaturlige: Fanden. Om hexe og deslige. Sagn om adskilligt gienfærd. Troldfolket. Efterslæt.--3. deel. Den danske almues overtroiske meninger.

Tudományos gyüjtemény.

Description based on: 1820, 5. kötet.

Egyházi beszédei /

Mode of access: Internet.

Bajza összegyüjtött munkái.

Mode of access: Internet.

A Magyar magóg pátriarkhátúl fogva I. István királyig /

Mode of access: Internet.

A tatárjárás történelme negydeik Béla király idejében.

Mode of access: Internet.

Gyalulat, vagyis megmagyarositott jegyzéke azon idegen szavaknak, mellyek különféle nyelvekbül kölcsönöztetvén a' magyar beszédben és irásban korcsositva vagy eredetikép használtatnak.

Mode of access: Internet.