989 resultados para solid-supported glycosidation
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A rapid and convenient solid-supported iterative divergent/converpent approach was developed to prepare rigid phenylacetylene dendrimers. The generation number grows very rapidly and the purification at each step is very simple. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Photoresponsive oligonucleotides (ONs) incorporating isoxazole-linked azobenzene (AB) moieties were prepared by resin-supported nitrile oxide-alkyne cycloaddition (NOAC) chemistry. The thermal and photochromic properties of the modified ONs were significantly influenced by the extent of pi-conjugation between the isoxazole and the AB modules.
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Les glycosides sont reconnus pour leur potentiel pharmaceutique tels que les antibiotiques, les agents anticancéreux et antiviraux. Ils sont impliqués dans plusieurs processus biologiques entre autres la reconnaissance cellulaire, l’inflammation, la réponse immunitaire, la croissance, le transport cellulaire, l’adhésion cellulaire et les groupes sanguin. Notre groupe excelle dans la glycosidation stéréocontrôlée avec un minimum de protection suivant le concept d’activation à distance d’aglycones hétérocycliques anomériques. La présence d’une quantité sous stoechiométrique d’acide de Lewis, les (2-pyridyl)-β-D-glycosides déprotégés sont d’excellents donneurs permettant de haute sélectivité pour l’anomère- α-D de glycosides simples et complexes. Inversement, (2-pyridyl)-α-D-glycosides donnent les β-D-glycosides avec de bonne sélectivité. Des exemples de formation stéréocontrôlée de glycosides sont présentés dans cette thèse avec des accepteurs tels que les phénols, les stéroïdes, les terpènes et les acides hydroxyaminés. Cette méthodologie de glycosidation a été appliquée sur support solide.
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A new macroporous stationary phase bearing 'tweezer' receptors that exhibit specificity for cholesterol has been constructed from rigid multifunctional vinylic monomers derived from 3,5-dibromobenzoic acid, propargyl alcohol and cholesterol. The synthesis of the novel tweezer monomer that contains two cholesterol receptor arms using palladium mediated Sonogashira methodologies and carbonate couplings is reported. The subsequent co-polymerisation of this tweezer monomer with a range of cross-linking agents via a 'pseudo' molecular imprinting approach afforded a diverse set of macroporous materials. The selectivity and efficacy of these materials for cholesterol binding was assessed using a chromatographic screening process. The optimum macroporous stationary phase material composition was subsequently used to construct monolithic solid phase extraction columns for use in the selective extraction of cholesterol from multi-component mixtures of structurally related steroids.
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A synthetic method for chemically tethering organic based surfactant molecules and fluorous surfactant molecules onto a high surface and pore volume silica has been developed. It is shown that heterogenisation of a simple water-soluble ions (i.e. molybdate ion and Co2+) can be accomplished onto these composite materials. They display an excellent activity and selectivity for oxidation of organic molecules in bulk organic solvent or in supercritical CO2. Characterisations indicate that catalysis occurs within the surface supported surfactant assemblies (chemically tethered reversed micelles) in the porous silica structure. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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The Fmoc synthetic strategy was employed to synthesise two identical combinatorial peptide libraries on a hydrophilic PEG-PS resin. One library was appended with boronic acid moieties at two positionally-fixed locations. Successful inclusion of the boronic acid units was confirmed using a novel UV fluorescent colorimetric assay employing carminic acid as the dye compound. A study of the effect had by the resin-bound peptides bearing boronic acid groups on the binding characteristics of vancomycin, a medically relevant antibiotic glycoprotein, was conducted. In all, 132 library compounds were tested for their binding affinity with vancomycin, via immobilisation of the glycopeptide onto the solid support through hydrogen bonding or complexation with the boronic acid moieties. Subsequent cleavage via acidolysis afforded vancomycin containing solutions which were quantified by growth inhibition of methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus. Comparison of the diameters of the resultant zones of inhibition and those produced by vancomycin of known concentrations afforded a means of calculating the vancomycin concentration of the cleavage solutions, and thereby determining the binding affinity of vancomycin to each peptide sequence. Five peptide sequences and twenty one of the peptidyl-boronic acid sequences showed zones of inhibition, demonstrating their reversible affinity for vancomycin. Three peptide sequences showed zones of inhibition in both libraries. The presence of boronic acid was therefore shown to impart, enhance, detract and remove the affinity of vancomycin to a range of resin-bound peptide sequences.
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A catalyst with porous polystyrene beads supported Cp2ZrCl2 was prepared and tested for ethylene polymerization with methylaluminoxane as a cocatalyst. By comparison, the porous supported catalyst maintained higher activity and produced polyethylene with better morphology than its corresponding solid supported catalyst. The differences between activities of the catalysts and morphologies of the products were reasonably explained by the fragmentation processes of support as frequently observed with the inorganic supported Ziegler-Natta catalysts. Investigation into the distribution of polystyrene in the polyethylene revealed the fact that the porous polystyrene supported catalyst had undergone fragmentation during polymerization.
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We have developed a new method for the synthesis of Pd nanoparticles with controllable sizes within a silica matrix using solid-supported surfactants in supercritical CO2. XRD, HRTEM and CO chemisorption data show that unformly sized Pd nanoparticles are evenly distributed within the porous silica and are chemically tethered by surfactant molecules [poly(oxyethylene stearyl ether) and fluorinated poly(oxyethylene)]. It is postulated that tiny solid-supported surfactant assemblies act as nano-reactors for the template synthesis of nanoparticles or clusters from the soluble precursors therein.
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The preparation and characteristics of bilayer lipid membranes including conventional bilayer membrane, solid supported self-assembling bilayer lipid membrane, solid supported hybrid bilayer membrane are described in this paper, The applications of bilayer lipid membranes in electrochemical biosensors are reviewed and the future development of electrochemical biosensor based on bilayer lipid membranes is discussed.
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A novel type of potassium sensor based on the capacitance change of valinomycin-incorporated bilayer supported on a gold electrode has been developed and characterized. The lipid membrane was Formed by painted method and monitored simultaneously by capacitance variation. The capacitance of the electrode-supported membrane was found to be modulated by different concentrations of K+. Investigating the capacitance change allows a simple and specific technique for the measurement of potassium ion in solution. Especially, the homemade capacitance meter is, to our knowledge, used to monitor the bilayer membrane formation and detect K+ for the first time. It has been proved that this capacitance measurement is a very useful technique because it is simple and sensitive compared to the other methods.
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Durant les dernières décennies, la technique Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) s’est beaucoup développée dans l’approche « bottom-up » pour la création de couches ultra minces nanostructurées. Des patrons constitués de stries parallèles d’environ 100 à 200 nm de largeur ont été générés avec la technique de déposition LB de monocouches mixtes de 1,2-dilauroyl-sn-glycéro-3-phosphatidylcholine (DLPC) et de 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycéro-3-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) sur des substrats de silicium et de mica. Afin d’amplifier la fonctionnalité de ces patrons, la 1-palmitoyl-2-(16-(S-methyldithio)hexadécanoyl)-sn-glycéro-3-phosphatidylcholine (DSDPPC) et la 1-lauroyl-2-(12-(S-methyldithio)dodédecanoyl)-sn-glycéro-3-phosphatidylcholine (DSDLPC) ont été employées pour la préparation de monocouches chimiquement hétérogènes. Ces analogues de phospholipide possèdent un groupement fonctionnel méthyldisulfide qui est attaché à la fin de l’une des chaînes alkyles. Une étude exhaustive sur la structure de la phase des monocouches Langmuir, Langmuir-Schaefer (LS) et LB de la DSDPPC et de la DSDLPC et leurs différents mélanges avec la DPPC ou la DLPC est présentée dans cette thèse. Tout d’abord, un contrôle limité de la périodicité et de la taille des motifs des stries parallèles de DPPC/DLPC a été obtenu en variant la composition lipidique, la pression de surface et la vitesse de déposition. Dans un mélange binaire de fraction molaire plus grande de lipide condensé que de lipide étendu, une vitesse de déposition plus lente et une plus basse pression de surface ont généré des stries plus continues et larges. L’addition d’un tensioactif, le cholestérol, au mélange binaire équimolaire de la DPPC/DLPC a permis la formation de stries parallèles à de plus hautes pressions de surface. La caractérisation des propriétés physiques des analogues de phospholipides a été nécessaire. La température de transition de phase de la DSDPPC de 44.5 ± 1.5 °C comparativement à 41.5 ± 0.3 °C pour la DPPC. L’isotherme de la DSDPPC est semblable à celui de la DPPC. La monocouche subit une transition de phase liquide-étendue-à-condensée (LE-C) à une pression de surface légèrement supérieure à celle de la DPPC (6 mN m-1 vs. 4 mN m-1) Tout comme la DLPC, la DSDLPC demeure dans la phase LE jusqu’à la rupture de la monocouche. Ces analogues de phospholipide existent dans un état plus étendu tout au long de la compression de la monocouche et montrent des pressions de surface de rupture plus basses que les phospholipides non-modifiés. La morphologie des domaines de monocouches Langmuir de la DPPC et de la DSDPPC à l’interface eau/air a été comparée par la microscopie à angle de Brewster (BAM). La DPPC forme une monocouche homogène à une pression de surface (π) > 10 mN/m, alors que des domaines en forme de fleurs sont formés dans la monocouche de DSDPPC jusqu’à une π ~ 30 mN m-1. La caractérisation de monocouches sur substrat solide a permis de démontrer que le patron de stries parallèles préalablement obtenu avec la DPPC/DLPC était reproduit en utilisant des mélanges de la DSDPPC/DLPC ou de la DPPC/DSDLPC donnant ainsi lieu à des patrons chimiquement hétérogènes. En général, pour obtenir le même état de phase que la DPPC, la monocouche de DSDPPC doit être comprimée à de plus hautes pressions de surface. Le groupement disulfide de ces analogues de phospholipide a été exploité, afin de (i) former des monocouches auto-assemblées sur l’or et de (ii) démontrer la métallisation sélective des terminaisons fonctionnalisées des stries. La spectrométrie de photoélectrons induits par rayons X (XPS) a confirmé que la monocouche modifiée réagit avec la vapeur d’or pour former des thiolates d’or. L’adsorption de l’Au, de l’Ag et du Cu thermiquement évaporé démontre une adsorption préférentielle de la vapeur de métal sur la phase fonctionnalisée de disulfide seulement à des recouvrements sub-monocouche.
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Metal organic chemical vapour deposition technique (MOCVD) has been used to immobilise Os species onto the internal porous structure of MCM-41. Evidence suggests that volatile Os-3(CO)(12) cluster reacts with surface silanol groups of the MCM-41 via an oxidative addition reaction to yield a trinuclear HOs3(CO)(10)(OSi-) surface species. After heat treatment in air or at their very low surface coverage, these triangular sites break up to partially oxidised mononuclear surface species. In the presence of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as an oxidant, we demonstrate that the mononuclear species form extremely active species that catalyse the oxidation of trans-stilbene selectively to the corresponding epoxide. By carefully controlling the parameters of the MOCVD method (loading and calcination temperature), we report a new class of optimised MCM-41 porous heterogeneous catalysts carrying isolated but active Os sites for the selective oxidation of trans-stilbene in liquid phase. The reaction selectivity of the solid supported Os is apparently higher than the soluble homogeneous Os-3(CO)(12) cluster. It is envisaged that our solid supported catalysts not only facilitate separation from products but also offer an excellent utilisation of Os for catalysis. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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A novel and generic miniaturization methodology for the determination of partition coefficient values of organic compounds in noctanol/water by using magnetic nanoparticles is, for the first time, described. We have successfully designed, synthesised and characterised new colloidal stable porous silica-encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles of controlled dimensions. These nanoparticles absorbing a tiny amount of n-octanol in their porous silica over-layer are homogeneously dispersed into a bulk aqueous phase (pH 7.40) containing an organic compound prior to magnetic separation. The small size of the particles and the efficient mixing allow a rapid establishment of the partition equilibrium of the organic compound between the solid supported n-octanol nano-droplets and the bulk aqueous phase. UV-vis spectrophotometry is then applied as a quantitative method to determine the concentration of the organic compound in the aqueous phase both before and after partitioning (after magnetic separation). log D values of organic compounds of pharmaceutical interest (0.65-3.50), determined by this novel methodology, were found to be in excellent agreement with the values measured by the shake-flask method in two independent laboratories, which are also consistent with the literature data. It was also found that this new technique gives a number of advantages such as providing an accurate measurement of log D value, a much shorter experimental time and a smaller sample size required. With this approach, the formation of a problematic emulsion, commonly encountered in shake-flask experiments, is eliminated. It is envisaged that this method could be applicable to the high throughput log D screening of drug candidates. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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In this paper, we report a new method based on supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO(2)) to fill and distribute the porous magnetic nanoparticles with n-octanol in a homogeneous manner. The high solubility of n-octanol in scCO(2) and high diffusivity and permeability of the fluid allow efficient delivery of n-octanol into the porous magnetic nanoparticles. Thus, the n-octanol-loaded magnetic nanoparticles can be readily dispersed into aqueous buffer (pH 7.40) to form a homogenous suspension consisting of nano-sized n-octanol droplets. We refer this suspension as the n-octanol stock solution. The n-octanol stock solution is then mixed with bulk aqueous phase (pH 7.40) containing an organic compound prior to magnetic separation. The small-size of the particles and the efficient mixing enable a rapid establishment of the partition equilibrium of the organic compound between the solid supported n-octanol nano-droplets and the bulk aqueous phase. UV-vis spectrophotometry is then applied to determine the concentration of the organic compound in the aqueous phase both before and after partitioning (after magnetic separation). As a result, log D values of organic compounds of pharmaceutical interest determined by this modified method are found to be in excellent agreement with the literature data. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.