Using biological motion to enhance the conspicuity of roadway workers

This study examined whether the conspicuity of road workers at night can be enhanced by distributing retroreflective strips across the body to present a pattern of biological motion (biomotion). Twenty visually normal drivers (mean age = 40.3 years) participated in an experiment conducted at two open-road work sites (one suburban and one freeway) at night-time. At each site, four road workers walked in place wearing a standard road worker night vest either (a) alone, (b) with additional retroreflective strips on thighs, (c) with additional retroreflective strips on ankles and knees, or (d) with additional retroreflective strips on eight moveable joints (full biomotion). Participants, seated in stationary vehicles at three different distances (80 m, 160 m, 240 m), rated the relative conspicuity of the four road workers. Road worker conspicuity was maximized by the full biomotion configuration at all distances and at both sites. The addition of ankle and knee markings also provided significant benefits relative to the standard vest alone. The effects of clothing configuration were more evident at the freeway site and at shorter distances. Overall, the full biomotion configuration was ranked to be most conspicuous and the vest least conspicuous. These data provide the first evidence that biomotion effectively enhances conspicuity of road workers at open-road work sites.

Notes on the proposed roadway

Notes on the proposed roadway (1 page, handwritten), n.d.

Guía para la identificación y formulación de proyectos de vialidad urbana = Guidelines for the identification and formulation or urban roadway system projects

Incluye Bibliografía

Defining functional urban regions in Bahia, Brazil, using roadway coverage and population density variables

The concept of Functional Urban Regions (FURs), also called Metropolitan Regions (MRs), is not simple. It is clear, though, that they are not simply a combination of adjacent municipalities or areas. Different methods can be used for their definition. However, especially in developing countries, the application of some methods is not possible, due to the unavailability of detailed data. Alternative approaches have been developed based on spatial analysis methods and using variables extracted from available data. The objective of this study is to compare the results of two spatial analysis methods exploring two variables: population density and an indicator of transport infrastructure supply. The first method regards Exploratory Spatial Data Analyses tools, which define uniform regions based on specific variables. The second method used the same variables and the spatial analysis technique available in the computer program SKATER - Spatial 'K'luster Analysis by Tree Edge Removal. Assuming that those classifications of regions with similar characteristics can be used for identifying potential FURS, the results of all analyses were compared with one another and with the 'official' MR. A combined approach was also considered for comparison, but none of the results match the existing MR boundaries, what challenges the official definitions. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Roadway lighting handbook, addendum to chapter six: designing the lighting system using pavement luminance. Final report.

Federal Highway Administration, Implementation Division, Washington, D.C.

Synthesis of information on roadway geometric causal factors Final report.

Federal Highway Administration, Office of Program and Policy Planning, Washington, D.C.

Evaluation of retroreflective sheetings for use on roadway traffic signs. Final report.

Oklahoma Department of Transportation, Oklahoma City

Roadway delineation practices handbook.

Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C.

Single vehicle roadway departure crashes: problem size assessment and statistical description.

Mode of access: Internet.

Trends in urban roadway congestion: 1982 to 1991. Volume 1: annual report.

Texas Department of Transportation, Austin

Trends in urban roadway congestion: 1982 to 1991. Volume 2: methodology and urbanized area data.

Texas Department of Transportation, Austin

Cost-effectiveness and safety of alternative roadway delineation treatments for rural two-lane highways. Vol. I. Executive summary. Final report.

Federal Highway Administration, Office of Research and Development, Washington, D.C.

Relationships between off-road fixed-object accident rates and roadway elements of urban highways. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Driver's visibility requirements for roadway delineation. Volume I: effects of contrast and configuration on driver performance and behavior. Final report.

Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C.

Driver's visibility requirements for roadway delineation. Vol. II: color identification of yellow highway paint as a function of yellow/white pigment mixture ratio. Final report.

Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C.