Determinacion de condiciones laborales de los trabajadores de cuatro hospitales de primer nivel y dos de segundo nivel en el departamento del Quindio – Colombia 2012

Objetivo: Determinar condiciones laborales de los trabajadores de cuatro hospitales de primer nivel y dos de segundo nivel en el departamento del Quindío - Colombia 2012. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con una muestra de 577 trabajadores del sector sanitario de cuatro hospitales de primer nivel y dos de segundo nivel en el departamento de Quindío – Colombia mediante la recolección de datos demográficos y la aplicación de las siguientes encuestas: “Encuesta Nacional de Condiciones de Trabajo” del Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo de España (INSHT), en su versión validada para el idioma español: “Irritation Index”. Con fines de analizar la información obtenida se creó una base de datos con base en lo contenido en las encuestas válidas y se realizaron tablas dinámicas en Excel Resultados: participaron 577 trabajadores hospitalarios, encontrándose un 72% de personal femenino y un 28% de personal masculino con una relación H:M 2:6. De la población total encuestada, un 72% corresponde a trabajadores del área asistencial y un 28% al área administrativa. Se encontró una alta percepción de riesgo ergonómico (manejo de cargas, 81%, movimientos repetitivos 91%, posturas forzadas, 49%). Los síntomas osteomusculares referidos fueron: dolor cervical 20%, dolor en región dorsal media 17%, dolor en el hombro 62%, dolor en muñeca 27% y dolor en codo 10%. En la percepción de carga mental y factores de riesgo psicosocial se observó que el 92% de los trabajadores requiere un alto nivel de atención en la ejecución de sus tareas, el 77%, debe atender varias tareas al mismo tiempo, el 52% realiza tarea complejas, el 49% ve necesario esconder sus emociones en el sitio de trabajo, el 13% considera que su trabajo es excesivo, el 43% manifiesta la necesidad de trabajar rápido en el desarrollo de sus funciones, el 69% trabaja con plazos estrictos muy cortos el66% considera que el ritmo de trabajo está determinado por plazos temporales a cumplir. Por otro lado se encuentra una adecuada percepción de la autonomía (93-94%) en la escogencia del método de trabajo, ritmo de trabajo, establecimiento del orden de las tareas a cumplir. En general las relaciones interpersonales son percibidas de manera positiva encontrándose que el 98% recibe ayuda de sus compañeros y el 97% afirma contar con la ayuda de sus superiores. En cuanto a la violencia física en el lugar de trabajo se encuentra que un 6 % ha sido víctima de agresión por parte de personas ajenas al lugar de trabajo. En lo concerniente al percepción de la salud física, el 48% refiere un óptimo estado de salud, mientras que en lo referente a la salud mental se encuentra más frecuentemente alteraciones del sueño (20%), sensación de tensión (20%), tristeza y/o depresión (13%), dificultad para desconectarse del trabajo (15%). Discusión: En la población estudiada se encontró una alta percepción de condiciones ergonómicas inadecuadas dadas por posturas forzadas, manipulación de cargas y movimientos repetitivos, así como exposición a riesgo biológico y factores de riesgo psicosocial. Resulta importante destacar que los hallazgos obtenidos reflejan lo reportado en la literatura internacional y dejan de manifiesto la importancia de reflexionar sobre la necesidad de identificar los riesgos, sensibilizar a la población y de priorizar las actuaciones preventivas.

Aportes de la evidencia epidemiológica para el estudio de las condiciones de riesgo laboral, asociada a la presentación del síndrome del túnel del carpo (stc)

Las formas de adquirir una enfermedad son diversas. Los seres humanos están expuestos a diferentes factores de riesgo ambientales, físicos y ocupacionales entre otros, estos últimos se presentan con mayor o menor frecuencia dependiendo de la actividad laboral que realiza un trabajador, del tiempo que emplea para cumplir la tarea o la manera en que ejecuta ésta. Estos factores se ven asociados con aspectos propios del individuo que de alguna manera los aumentan o los disminuyen. Este proyecto investigativo pretende realizar una aproximación a la evidencia epidemiológica que se contempla en el estudio de las condiciones de riesgo laboral asociadas a la presentación del Síndrome del Túnel del Carpo (STC), con el fin de dejar elementos que contribuyan a la elaboración de diferentes instrumentos de evaluación de las condiciones de riesgo, que pueden estar vinculadas a la presentación de este problema.

Objective Methods for Characterizing Physical Exposures which may contribute to Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Agricultural Workers

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-08

Activation of the human diaphragm during a repetitive postural task

1. The co-ordination between respiratory and postural functions of the diaphragm was investigated during repetitive upper Limb movement. It was hypothesised that diaphragm activity would occur either tonically or phasically in association with the forces from each movement and that this activity would combine with phasic respiratory activity. 2. Movements of the upper limb and ribcage were measured while standing subjects performed repetitive upper limb movements 'as fast as possible'. Electromyographic (EMG) recordings of the costal diaphragm were made using intramuscular electrodes in four subjects. Surface electrodes were placed over the deltoid and erector spinae muscles. 3. In contrast to standing at rest, diaphragm activity was present throughout expiration at 78 +/- 17% (mean +/- S.D.) of its peak inspiratory magnitude during repeated upper limb movement. 4. Bursts of deltoid and erector spinae EMG activity occurred at the Limb movement frequency (similar to 2.9 Hz). Although the majority of diaphragm EMG power was at the respiratory frequency (similar to 0.4 Hz), a peak was also present at the movement frequency. This finding was corroborated by averaged EMG activity triggered from upper limb movement. In addition, diaphragm EMG activity was coherent with ribcage motion at the respiratory frequency and with upper limb movement at the movement frequency. 5. The diaphragm response was similar when movement was performed while sitting. In addition, when subjects moved with increasing frequency the peak upper limb acceleration correlated with diaphragm EMG amplitude. These findings support the argument that diaphragm contraction is related to trunk control. 6. The results indicate that activity of human phrenic motoneurones is organised such that it contributes to both posture and respiration during a task which repetitively challenges trunk posture.

HANDEDNESS INFLUENCES PASSIVE SHOULDER RANGE OF MOTION IN NONATHLETE ADULT WOMEN

Objective: The Purpose of this study was to determine whether handedness influences bilateral shoulder range of motion in nonathlete adult women. Methods: This was an observational Study. Shoulder range of motion (flexion, abduction, horizontal adduction, extension, external and internal rotation) was passively and bilaterally measured in 50 female, right-handed, and healthy university students, ranging from 20 to 29 years of age, who were not practicing repetitive activities with the upper limbs at the time Of this study. The assessment was performed with a universal goniometer, twice for each subject by the same examiner. irst and second measurements were correlated using the intraclass correlation coefficient, which was high for all movements and ranged from 0.80 to 0.97. The Student t test and Wilcoxon test were used to compare the range of motion between the dominant and nondominant shoulders and the mean differences between the 2 sides. The effect of size vias alpha = .05. Results: There is statistically significance difference between the 2 sides when the rotational range of motion is compared the dominant shoulder presented increased external rotation (mean, 4.74 degrees; 95% confidence interval, 1.61-7.87) and decreased internal rotation (mean, 3.52 degrees; 95% confidence interval, 1.64-5.4) compared to the opposite Shoulder. Conclusion: Dominance should be considered when shoulder rotation is evaluated even in nonathlete adult women. (J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2009;32:149-153)

A fractional approach for the motion planning of redundant and hyper-redundant manipulators

The trajectory planning of redundant robots through the pseudoinverse control leads to undesirable drift in the joint space. This paper presents a new technique to solve the inverse kinematics problem of redundant manipulators, which uses a fractional differential of order α to control the joint positions. Two performance measures are defined to examine the strength and weakness of the proposed method. The positional error index measures the precision of the manipulator's end-effector at the target position. The repeatability performance index is adopted to evaluate if the joint positions are repetitive when the manipulator execute repetitive trajectories in the operational workspace. Redundant and hyper-redundant planar manipulators reveal that it is possible to choose in a large range of possible values of α in order to get repetitive trajectories in the joint space.

High-resolution 3D whole-heart coronary MRA: a study on the combination of data acquisition in multiple breath-holds and 1D residual respiratory motion compensation.

OBJECT: To study a scan protocol for coronary magnetic resonance angiography based on multiple breath-holds featuring 1D motion compensation and to compare the resulting image quality to a navigator-gated free-breathing acquisition. Image reconstruction was performed using L1 regularized iterative SENSE. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effects of respiratory motion on the Cartesian sampling scheme were minimized by performing data acquisition in multiple breath-holds. During the scan, repetitive readouts through a k-space center were used to detect and correct the respiratory displacement of the heart by exploiting the self-navigation principle in image reconstruction. In vivo experiments were performed in nine healthy volunteers and the resulting image quality was compared to a navigator-gated reference in terms of vessel length and sharpness. RESULTS: Acquisition in breath-hold is an effective method to reduce the scan time by more than 30 % compared to the navigator-gated reference. Although an equivalent mean image quality with respect to the reference was achieved with the proposed method, the 1D motion compensation did not work equally well in all cases. CONCLUSION: In general, the image quality scaled with the robustness of the motion compensation. Nevertheless, the featured setup provides a positive basis for future extension with more advanced motion compensation methods.

Autonomous Measurements of Bridge Pier and Abutment Scour using Motion-Sensing Radio Transmitters, TR-595, 2010

Two portable Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) systems (made by Texas Instruments and HiTAG) were developed and tested for bridge scour monitoring by the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Iowa (UI). Both systems consist of three similar components: 1) a passive cylindrical transponder of 2.2 cm in length (derived from transmitter/responder); 2) a low frequency reader (~134.2 kHz frequency); and 3) an antenna (of rectangular or hexagonal loop). The Texas Instruments system can only read one smart particle per time, while the HiTAG system was successfully modified here at UI by adding the anti-collision feature. The HiTAG system was equipped with four antennas and could simultaneously detect 1,000s of smart particles located in a close proximity. A computer code was written in C++ at the UI for the HiTAG system to allow simultaneous, multiple readouts of smart particles under different flow conditions. The code is written for the Windows XP operational system which has a user-friendly windows interface that provides detailed information regarding the smart particle that includes: identification number, location (orientation in x,y,z), and the instance the particle was detected.. These systems were examined within the context of this innovative research in order to identify the best suited RFID system for performing autonomous bridge scour monitoring. A comprehensive laboratory study that included 142 experimental runs and limited field testing was performed to test the code and determine the performance of each system in terms of transponder orientation, transponder housing material, maximum antenna-transponder detection distance, minimum inter-particle distance and antenna sweep angle. The two RFID systems capabilities to predict scour depth were also examined using pier models. The findings can be summarized as follows: 1) The first system (Texas Instruments) read one smart particle per time, and its effective read range was about 3ft (~1m). The second system (HiTAG) had similar detection ranges but permitted the addition of an anti-collision system to facilitate the simultaneous identification of multiple smart particles (transponders placed into marbles). Therefore, it was sought that the HiTAG system, with the anti-collision feature (or a system with similar features), would be preferable when compared to a single-read-out system for bridge scour monitoring, as the former could provide repetitive readings at multiple locations, which could help in predicting the scour-hole bathymetry along with maximum scour depth. 2) The HiTAG system provided reliable measures of the scour depth (z-direction) and the locations of the smart particles on the x-y plane within a distance of about 3ft (~1m) from the 4 antennas. A Multiplexer HTM4-I allowed the simultaneous use of four antennas for the HiTAG system. The four Hexagonal Loop antennas permitted the complete identification of the smart particles in an x, y, z orthogonal system as function of time. The HiTAG system can be also used to measure the rate of sediment movement (in kg/s or tones/hr). 3) The maximum detection distance of the antenna did not change significantly for the buried particles compared to the particles tested in the air. Thus, the low frequency RFID systems (~134.2 kHz) are appropriate for monitoring bridge scour because their waves can penetrate water and sand bodies without significant loss of their signal strength. 4) The pier model experiments in a flume with first RFID system showed that the system was able to successfully predict the maximum scour depth when the system was used with a single particle in the vicinity of pier model where scour-hole was expected. The pier model experiments with the second RFID system, performed in a sandbox, showed that system was able to successfully predict the maximum scour depth when two scour balls were used in the vicinity of the pier model where scour-hole was developed. 5) The preliminary field experiments with the second RFID system, at the Raccoon River, IA near the Railroad Bridge (located upstream of 360th street Bridge, near Booneville), showed that the RFID technology is transferable to the field. A practical method would be developed for facilitating the placement of the smart particles within the river bed. This method needs to be straightforward for the Department of Transportation (DOT) and county road working crews so it can be easily implemented at different locations. 6) Since the inception of this project, further research showed that there is significant progress in RFID technology. This includes the availability of waterproof RFID systems with passive or active transponders of detection ranges up to 60 ft (~20 m) within the water–sediment column. These systems do have anti-collision and can facilitate up to 8 powerful antennas which can significantly increase the detection range. Such systems need to be further considered and modified for performing automatic bridge scour monitoring. The knowledge gained from the two systems, including the software, needs to be adapted to the new systems.

Effect of repetitive arm cycling following botulinum toxin injection for poststroke spasticity: evidence from FMRI.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Investigations were performed to establish if repetitive arm cycling training enhances the antispastic effect of intramuscular botulinum toxin (BTX) injections in postischemic spastic hemiparesis. Effects on cerebral activation were evaluated by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). METHODS: Eight chronic spastic hemisyndrome patients (49 ± 10 years) after middle cerebral artery infarction (5.5 ± 2.7 years) were investigated. BTX was injected into the affected arm twice, 6 months apart. Spasticity was assessed using the Ashworth Scale and range of motion before and 3 months after BTX injections. Images were analyzed using Brain Voyager QX 1.8, and fMRI signal changes were corrected for multiple comparisons. RESULTS: During passive movements of affected and nonaffected hands, fMRI activity was increased bilaterally in the sensorimotor cortex (MISI), secondary somatosensory areas (SII), and supplementary motor area predominantly in the contralesional hemisphere, compared with the rest. Following repetitive arm cycling, fMRI activity increased further in MISI of the lesioned hemisphere and SII of the contralesional hemisphere. For patients with residual motor activity, treatment-related fMRI activity increases were associated with reduced spasticity; in completely plegic patients, there was no fMRI activity change in SII but increased spasticity after training. CONCLUSION: Increased activity in SII of the contralesional hemisphere and in MISI of the lesioned hemisphere reflect a treatment-induced effect in the paretic arm. It is hypothesized that the increased BOLD activity results from increased afferent information related to the antispastic BTX effect reinforced by training.

Pain Intensity And Cervical Range Of Motion In Women With Myofascial Pain Treated With Acupuncture And Electroacupuncture: A Double-blinded, Randomized Clinical Trial.

Acupuncture stimulates points on the body, influencing the perception of myofascial pain or altering physiologic functions. The aim was to evaluate the effect of electroacupuncture (EAC) and acupuncture (AC) for myofascial pain of the upper trapezius and cervical range of motion, using SHAM acupuncture as control. Sixty women presenting at least one trigger point at the upper trapezius and local or referred pain for more than six months were randomized into EAC, AC, and SHAM groups. Eight sessions were scheduled and a follow-up was conducted after 28 days. The Visual Analog Scale assessed the intensity of local and general pain. A fleximeter assessed cervical movements. Data were analyzed using paired t or Wilcoxon's tests, ANOVA or Friedman or Kruskal-Wallis tests and Pearson's correlation (α=0.05). There was reduction in general pain in the EAC and AC groups after eight sessions (P<0.001). A significant decrease in pain intensity occurred for the right trapezius in all groups and for the left trapezius in the EAC and AC groups. Intergroup comparisons showed improvement in general pain in the EAC and AC groups and in local pain intensity in the EAC group (P<0.05), which showed an increase in left rotation (P=0.049). The AC group showed increases in inclination (P=0.005) sustained until follow-up and rotation to the right (P=0.032). EAC and AC were effective in reducing the pain intensity compared with SHAM. EAC was better than AC for local pain relief. These treatments can assist in increasing cervical range of motion, albeit subtly.

Análise do desempenho muscular do quadríceps e dos isquiotibiais em função da série temporal e da amplitude de movimento de atletas amadoras de futsal feminino = : Analysis of muscle performance of the quadriceps and hamstrings as a function of the times series and range of motion of amateurfemale futsal athletes

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Calibração de câmeras para análises subaquáticas de movimentos = : Cameras calibration for underwater motion analysis

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Proposição de um método de análise de movimentos de jogadores de tênis de campo a partir de vídeos televisivos = : Proposition of a method for tennis players motion analysis on broadcast videos

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Determination of Three-Dimensional Left Ventricle Motion to Analyze Ventricular Dyssyncrony in SPECT Images

A method to compute three-dimension (3D) left ventricle (LV) motion and its color coded visualization scheme for the qualitative analysis in SPECT images is proposed. It is used to investigate some aspects of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT). The method was applied to 3D gated-SPECT images sets from normal subjects and patients with severe Idiopathic Heart Failure, before and after CRT. Color coded visualization maps representing the LV regional motion showed significant difference between patients and normal subjects. Moreover, they indicated a difference between the two groups. Numerical results of regional mean values representing the intensity and direction of movement in radial direction are presented. A difference of one order of magnitude in the intensity of the movement on patients in relation to the normal subjects was observed. Quantitative and qualitative parameters gave good indications of potential application of the technique to diagnosis and follow up of patients submitted to CRT.

A frequency approach to identifying asteroid families II. Families interacting with nonlinear secular resonances and low-order mean-motion resonances

Aims. In an earlier paper we introduced a new method for determining asteroid families where families were identified in the proper frequency domain (n, g, g + s) ( where n is the mean-motion, and g and s are the secular frequencies of the longitude of pericenter and nodes, respectively), rather than in the proper element domain (a, e, sin(i)) (semi-major axis, eccentricity, and inclination). Here we improve our techniques for reliably identifying members of families that interact with nonlinear secular resonances of argument other than g or g + s and for asteroids near or in mean-motion resonant configurations. Methods. We introduce several new distance metrics in the frequency space optimal for determining the diffusion in secular resonances of argument 2g - s, 3g - s, g - s, s, and 2s. We also regularize the dependence of the g frequency as a function of the n frequency (Vesta family) or of the eccentricity e (Hansa family). Results. Our new approaches allow us to recognize as family members objects that were lost with previous methods, while keeping the advantages of the Carruba & Michtchenko (2007, A& A, 475, 1145) approach. More important, an analysis in the frequency domain permits a deeper understanding of the dynamical evolution of asteroid families not always obtainable with an analysis in the proper element domain.