L’anxiété sociale à l’adolescence en tant que facteur prédictif de la délinquance chez une population de jeunes québécois

La présente thèse regroupe deux articles qui examinent le rôle de l’anxiété sociale sur les comportements délinquants à l’adolescence. Pour le premier article, l’apport de l’anxiété sociale sur l’émergence de comportements de délinquance générale et relationnelle parmi 191 adolescents a été évalué. Les adolescents provenaient d’écoles secondaires de la province de Québec qui participaient à l’évaluation d’une stratégie d’intervention Agir Autrement (SIAA), une stratégie de prévention du décrochage scolaire en milieu défavorisé. L’échantillon obtenu a permis d’identifier deux groupes d’adolescents présentant des caractéristiques de délinquance générale ou relationnelle pour tester le rôle prédictif de l’anxiété sociale, de l’estime de soi, de l’isolement social et de la dépression sur leur profil de délinquance. Les résultats d’une analyse linéaire discriminante ont révélé qu’au-delà des facteurs individuels et sociaux testés, l’anxiété sociale prédit les trajectoires de délinquance deux ans plus tard. Pour le deuxième article, des analyses de trajectoires à partir d’analyses par équations structurelles ont été effectuées pour expliquer les associations prospectives entre l’anxiété sociale, la dépression et l’isolement social au début de l’adolescence sur les comportements de délinquance générale et relationnelle. Les résultats ont montré que l’anxiété sociale et l’isolement social sont des prédicteurs importants dans le développement de la délinquance relationnelle, toutefois la dépression ne s’est pas avérée prédictive. Ces études contribuent à la recherche dans le domaine de l’anxiété en expliquant l’importance de poursuivre les travaux pour mieux cerner le rôle de l’anxiété sociale et de l’isolement social chez les adolescents qui commettent des actes de délinquance relationnelle.

Assembling a consistent set of sentences in relational probabilistic logic with stochastic independence

We examine the representation of judgements of stochastic independence in probabilistic logics. We focus on a relational logic where (i) judgements of stochastic independence are encoded by directed acyclic graphs, and (ii) probabilistic assessments are flexible in the sense that they are not required to specify a single probability measure. We discuss issues of knowledge representation and inference that arise from our particular combination of graphs, stochastic independence, logical formulas and probabilistic assessments. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Relational learning in children with deafness and cochlear implants

This four-experiment series sought to evaluate the potential of children with neurosensory deafness and cochlear implants to exhibit auditory-visual and visual-visual stimulus equivalence relations within a matching-to-sample format. Twelve children who became deaf prior to acquiring language (prelingual) and four who became deaf afterwards (postlingual) were studied. All children learned auditory-visual conditional discriminations and nearly all showed emergent equivalence relations. Naming tests, conducted with a subset of the: children, showed no consistent relationship to the equivalence-test outcomes.. This study makes several contributions: to the literature on stimulus equivalence. First; it demonstrates that both pre- and postlingually deaf children-can: acquire auditory-visual equivalence-relations after cochlear implantation, thus demonstrating symbolic functioning. Second, it directs attention to a population that may be especially interesting for researchers seeking to analyze the relationship. between speaker and listener repertoires. Third, it demonstrates the feasibility of conducting experimental studies of stimulus control processes within the limitations of a hospital, which these children must visit routinely for the maintenance of their cochlear implants.

Stimulus competition in affective and relational learning

Evaluative learning theory states that affective learning, the acquisition of likes and dislikes, is qualitatively different from relational learning, the learning of predictive relationships among stimuli. Three experiments tested the prediction derived from evaluative learning theory that relational learning, but not affective learning, is affected by stimulus competition by comparing performance during two conditional stimuli, one trained in a superconditioning procedure and the other in a blocking procedure. Ratings of unconditional stimulus expectancy and electrodermal responses indicated stimulus competition in relational learning. Evidence for stimulus competition in affective learning was provided by verbal ratings of conditional stimulus pleasantness and by measures of blink startle modulation. Taken together, the present experiments demonstrate stimulus competition in relational and affective learning, a result inconsistent with evaluative learning theory. (C) 2001 Academic Press.

Young children's performance on the balance scale: The influence of relational complexity

Three experiments investigated the effect of complexity on children's understanding of a beam balance. In nonconflict problems, weights or distances varied, while the other was held constant. In conflict items, both weight and distance varied, and items were of three kinds: weight dominant, distance dominant, or balance (in which neither was dominant). In Experiment 1, 2-year-old children succeeded on nonconflict-weight and nonconflict-distance problems. This result was replicated in Experiment 2, but performance on conflict items did not exceed chance. In Experiment 3, 3- and 4-year-olds succeeded on all except conflict balance problems, while 5- and 6-year-olds succeeded on all problem types. The results were interpreted in terms of relational complexity theory. Children aged 2 to 4 years succeeded on problems that entailed binary relations, but 5- and 6-year-olds also succeeded on problems that entailed ternary relations. Ternary relations tasks from other domains-transitivity and class inclusion-accounted for 93% of the age-related variance in balance scale scores. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA).

Combining the rational and relational perspectives of electronic trading

Many organisations make extensive use of electronic linkages to facilitate their trading exchanges with partners such as suppliers, distributors and customers. This research explores how the use of inter-organisational systems (IOS) both affects, and is affected by, the relationships between trading partners. In doing this, it brings together two existing but distinct perspectives and literatures; the rational view informed by IOS research, and the behavioural or relationship perspective embodied in inter-organisational relationships (IOR) literature. The research was undertaken in the European paper industry by means of six dyadic case studies. The dyads studied covered both traditional electronic data interchange systems and newer e-marketplace environments. A framework was derived from existing literature that integrates the two perspectives of interest. The framework was used to analyse the case studies undertaken and enabled the inter-relationship between IOS use and IOR to be explained.