O projeto de literacia da informação numa biblioteca da saúde: o caso da Biblioteca da ESTeSL

Introdução – Ao aumento exponencial de informação, sobretudo a científica, não corresponde obrigatoriamente a melhoria de qualidade na pesquisa e no uso da mesma. O conceito de literacia da informação ganha pertinência e destaque, na medida em que abarca competências que permitem reconhecer quando é necessária a informação e de atuar de forma eficiente e efetiva na sua obtenção e utilização. A biblioteca académica assume, neste contexto, o papel de parceiro privilegiado, preparando o momento em que o estudante se sente capaz de produzir e registar novo conhecimento através da escrita. Objectivo – A Biblioteca da ESTeSL reestruturou as sessões desenvolvidas desde o ano lectivo 2002/2003 e deu início a um projecto mais formal denominado «Saber usar a informação de forma eficiente e eficaz». Objectivos: a) promover a melhoria da qualidade dos trabalhos académicos e científicos; b) contribuir para a diminuição do risco de plágio; c) aumentar a confiança dos estudantes nas suas capacidades de utilização dos recursos de informação; d) incentivar uma participação mais ativa em sala de aulas; e) colaborar para a integração dos conteúdos pedagógicos e das várias fontes de informação. Método – Dinamizaram-se várias sessões de formação de curta duração, versando diferentes temas associados à literacia de informação, designadamente: 1) Pesquisa de informação com sessões dedicadas à MEDLINE, RCAAP, SciELO, B-ON e Scopus; 2) Factor de impacto das revistas científicas: Journal Citation Reports e SciMAGO; 3) Como fazer um resumo científico?; 4) Como estruturar o trabalho científico?; 5) Como fazer uma apresentação oral?; 6) Como evitar o plágio?; 7) Referenciação bibliográfica usando a norma de Vancouver; 8) Utilização de gestores de referências bibliográficas: ZOTERO (primeira abordagem para os estudantes de 1º ano de licenciatura) e a gestão de referências e rede académica de informação com o MENDELEY (direcionado para estudantes finalistas, mestrandos, docentes e investigadores). O projecto foi apresentado à comunidade académica no site da ESTeSL; cada sessão foi divulgada individualmente no site e por email. Em 2015, a divulgação investiu na nova página da Biblioteca (https://estesl.biblio.ipl.pt/), que alojava informações e recursos abordados nas formações. As inscrições eram feitas por email, sem custos associados ou limite mínimo ou máximo de sessões para participar. Resultados – Em 2014 registaram-se 87 inscrições. Constatou-se a presença de, pelo menos, um participante em cada sessão de formação. Em 2015, o total de inscrições foi de 190. Foram reagendadas novas sessões a pedido dos estudantes cujos horários não eram compatíveis com os inicialmente agendados. Foram então organizados dois dias de formação seguida (cerca de 4h em cada dia) com conteúdos selecionados pelos estudantes. Registou-se, nestas sessões, a presença contante de cerca de 30 estudantes em sala. No total, as sessões da literacia da informação contaram com estudantes de licenciatura de todos os anos, estudantes de mestrado, docentes e investigadores (internos e externos à ESTeSL). Conclusões – Constata-se a necessidade de introdução de novos conteúdos no projeto de literacia da informação. O tempo, os conteúdos e o interesse demonstrado por aqueles que dele usufruíram evidenciam que este é um projeto que está a ganhar o seu espaço na comunidade da ESTeSL e que a literacia da informação contribui de forma efetiva para a construção e para a produção de conhecimento no meio académico.

A saúde fora de portas: o projeto de literacia da informação da ESTeSL

Introdução – A pesquisa de informação realizada pelos estudantes de ensino superior em recursos eletrónicos não corresponde necessariamente ao domínio de competências de pesquisa, análise, avaliação, seleção e bom uso da informação recuperada. O conceito de literacia da informação ganha pertinência e destaque, na medida em que abarca competências que permitem reconhecer quando é necessária a informação e de atuar de forma eficiente e efetiva na sua obtenção e utilização. Objetivo – A meta da Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa (ESTeSL) foi a formação em competências de literacia da informação, fora da ESTeSL, de estudantes, professores e investigadores. Métodos – A formação foi integrada em projetos nacionais e internacionais, dependendo dos públicos-alvo, das temáticas, dos conteúdos, da carga horária e da solicitação da instituição parceira. A Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian foi o promotor financeiro privilegiado. Resultados – Decorreram várias intervenções em território nacional e internacional. Em 2010, em Angola, no Instituto Médio de Saúde do Bengo, formação de 10 bibliotecários sobre a construção e a gestão de uma biblioteca de saúde e introdução à literacia da informação (35h). Em 2014, decorrente do ERASMUS Intensive Programme, o OPTIMAX (Radiation Dose and Image Quality Optimisation in Medical Imaging) para 40 professores e estudantes de radiologia (oriundos de Portugal, Reino Unido, Noruega, Países Baixos e Suíça) sobre metodologia e pesquisa de informação na MEDLINE e na Web of Science e sobre o Mendeley, enquanto gestor de referências (4h). Os trabalhos finais deste curso foram publicados em formato de ebook (http://usir.salford.ac.uk/34439/1/Final%20complete%20version.pdf), cuja revisão editorial foi da responsabilidade dos bibliotecários. Ao longo de 2014, na Escola Superior de Educação, Escola Superior de Dança, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal e Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa e, ao longo de 2015, na Universidade Aberta, Escola Superior de Comunicação Social, Instituto Egas Moniz, Faculdade de Letras de Lisboa e Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa foram desenhados conteúdos sobre o uso do ZOTERO e do Mendeley para a gestão de referências bibliográficas e sobre uma nova forma de fazer investigação. Cada uma destas sessões (2,5h) envolveu cerca de 25 estudantes finalistas, mestrandos e professores. Em 2015, em Moçambique, no Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde, decorreu a formação de 5 bibliotecários e 46 estudantes e professores (70h). Os conteúdos ministrados foram: 1) gestão e organização de uma biblioteca de saúde (para bibliotecários); 2) literacia da informação: pesquisa de informação na MEDLINE, SciELO e RCAAP, gestores de referências e como evitar o plágio (para bibliotecários e estudantes finalistas de radiologia). A carga horária destinada aos estudantes incluiu a tutoria das monografias de licenciatura, em colaboração com mais duas professoras do projeto. Para 2016 está agendada formação noutras instituições de ensino superior nacionais. Perspetiva-se, ainda, formação similar em Timor-Leste, cujos conteúdos, datas e carga horária estão por agendar. Conclusões – Destas iniciativas beneficia a instituição (pela visibilidade), os bibliotecários (pelo evidenciar de competências) e os estudantes, professores e investigadores (pelo ganho de novas competências e pela autonomia adquirida). O projeto de literacia da informação da ESTeSL tem contribuído de forma efetiva para a construção e para a produção de conhecimento no meio académico, nacional e internacional, sendo a biblioteca o parceiro privilegiado nesta cultura de colaboração.

Engaging students in an e-learning experience : how to manage information resources through wikis and web blogs

The purpose of this paper is to describe the collaboration between librarians and scholars, from a virtual university, in order to facilitate collaborative learning on how to manage information resources. The personal information behaviour of e-learning students when managing information resources for academic, professional and daily life purposes was studied from 24 semi-structured face-to-face interviews. The results of the content analysis of the interview' transcriptions, highlighted that in the workplace and daily life contexts, competent information behaviour is always linked to a proactive attitude, that is to say, that participants seek for information without some extrinsic reward or avoiding punishment. In the academic context, it was observed a low level of information literacy and it seems to be related with a prevalent uninvolved attitude.

Engaging students in an e-learning experience : how to manage information resources through wikis and web blogs

The purpose of this paper is to describe the collaboration between librarians and scholars, from a virtual university, in order to facilitate collaborative learning on how to manage information resources. The personal information behaviour of e-learning students when managing information resources for academic, professional and daily life purposes was studied from 24 semi-structured face-to-face interviews. The results of the content analysis of the interview' transcriptions, highlighted that in the workplace and daily life contexts, competent information behaviour is always linked to a proactive attitude, that is to say, that participants seek for information without some extrinsic reward or avoiding punishment. In the academic context, it was observed a low level of information literacy and it seems to be related with a prevalent uninvolved attitude.

Annotated Bibliographies Notes Set

Slides, handouts and links covering relevant topics including how to create an annotated bibliography, exemplar bibliography, reference managers etc. The coursework specification with assessment criteria is available as a single item from http://www.edshare.soton.ac.uk/6044/

Research Blogging: Indexing and Registering the Change in Science 2.0

Increasing public interest in science information in a digital and 2.0 science era promotes a dramatically, rapid and deep change in science itself. The emergence and expansion of new technologies and internet-based tools is leading to new means to improve scientific methodology and communication, assessment, promotion and certification. It allows methods of acquisition, manipulation and storage, generating vast quantities of data that can further facilitate the research process. It also improves access to scientific results through information sharing and discussion. Content previously restricted only to specialists is now available to a wider audience. This context requires new management systems to make scientific knowledge more accessible and useable, including new measures to evaluate the reach of scientific information. The new science and research quality measures are strongly related to the new online technologies and services based in social media. Tools such as blogs, social bookmarks and online reference managers, Twitter and others offer alternative, transparent and more comprehensive information about the active interest, usage and reach of scientific publications. Another of these new filters is the Research Blogging platform, which was created in 2007 and now has over 1,230 active blogs, with over 26,960 entries posted about peer-reviewed research on subjects ranging from Anthropology to Zoology. This study takes a closer look at RB, in order to get insights into its contribution to the rapidly changing landscape of scientific communication.

Trazer a biblioteca no bolso: os serviços para dispositivos móveis nas bibliotecas académicas

Introdução – Os serviços de comunicação móvel para tablets, smartphones, e-book readers desenvolveram-se de forma extremamente rápida nos últimos anos assumindo-se como uma rede de aprendizagem privilegiada para os estudantes. Em 2012, 55% dos estudantes do ensino superior possuíam um smarthphone, 62% dispunham de um ipod e 21% tinham de um tablet. 67% usavam-nos em contexto académico. Objetivo – Apresentar de forma sucinta a resposta das bibliotecas de ensino superior ao crescimento da utilização dos dispositivos móveis e como é que os parceiros das bibliotecas, em especial os editores, estão a potenciar essa utilização. Métodos – A partir de uma seleção e análise de bibliografia sobre a temática realizou-se uma pesquisa na internet, nos sites de bibliotecas de ensino superior e nas páginas dos editores que permitisse aferir evidências. Resultados – Identificaram-se cinco serviços e 23 recursos. Discussão – Um primeiro serviço prende-se com a adaptação dos conteúdos dos websites das bibliotecas de forma a serem lidos por qualquer tipo de dispositivos. Outro serviço identificado foi a disponibilização do catálogo da biblioteca online tornando-o acessível aos dispositivos móveis, permitindo a pesquisa e a localização de informação, a reserva ou a renovação de documentos. Identificou-se o desenvolvimento de algumas coleções especificamente para os dispositivos móveis. Constatou-se a utilização de códigos QR para divulgar normas de funcionamento da biblioteca, recursos, o mapa, o contacto do serviço de referência e para geolocalização. Por fim verificou-se a utilização de SMS para informar os utilizadores sobre reservas, prazos de empréstimo, entre outras informações. O recurso mais comum na maioria dos sites analisados foi a disponibilização de uma versão do website para dispositivos móveis de que são exemplos a Cambridge Journals Online mobile, o EBSCOhost mobile, o SpringerLink, a OVIDToday, o UpToDate, a PubChase e a BrowZine. Com o objetivo de tornar os seus produtos acessíveis on-the go, oferecem inúmeras possibilidades, nomeadamente de pesquisa, de acesso a textos integrais, de elaboração de listas de interesse personalizadas, de leitura offline, entre outras que podemos encontrar na aplicação da EBSCOhost mobile, na JAMA Network, na OVIDToday, no portal de Periódicos CAPES ou na plataforma Ebrary da ProQuest. Em ferramentas como a UpToDate ou os aplicativos da Elsevier e da Micromedex é disponibilizada informação baseada na evidência e recomendações que podem ser aplicadas em consulta. Os gestores de referências bibliográficas como o Mendeley e o Zotero também acompanharam esta tendência e desenvolveram aplicações para dispositivos móveis. Para além disso funcionam de forma integrada com outras aplicações como a Browzine e a Pubchase. Conclusão – O recurso às tecnologias móveis é uma forma das bibliotecas manterem canais de comunicação com os utilizadores, mas embora existam muitas vantagens no uso das tecnologias móveis a implementação destes serviços implica um esforço financeiro e humano que nem todas as bibliotecas serão capazes de cumprir. Encontrar a forma de gerir este processo é o desafio que se impõe no futuro.

A flexibility reference model to achieve leagility in virtual organizations

The paper proposes a Flexibility Requirements Model and a Factory Templates Framework to support the dynamic Virtual Organization decision-makers in order to reach effective response to the emergent business opportunities ensuring profitability. Through the construction and analysis of the flexibility requirements model, the network managers can achieve and conceive better strategies to model and breed new dynamic VOs. This paper also presents the leagility concept as a new paradigm fit to equip the network management with a hybrid approach that better tackle the performance challenges imposed by the new and competitive business environments.

Customer reference marketing in a business to business context

This study focuses on the phenomenon of customer reference marketing in a business tobusiness (B to B) context. Although customer references are generally considered an important marketing and sales tool, the academic literature has paid surprisingly little attention to the phenomenon. The study suggests that customer references could be viewed as important marketing assets for industrial suppliers, and the ability to build, manage and leverage customer reference portfolios systematically constitutes a relevant marketing capability. The role of customer references is examined in the context of the industrial suppliers' shift towards a solution and project orientation and in the light of the on going changes in the project business. Suppliers in several industry sectors are undergoing a change from traditional equipment manufacturing towards project and solution oriented business. It is argued in this thesis that the high complexity, the project oriented nature and the intangible service elements that characterise many contemporary B to B offerings further increase the role of customer references. The study proposes three mechanisms of customer reference marketing: status transfer, validation through testimonials and the demonstration of experience and prior performance. The study was conducted in the context of Finnish B to B process technology and information technology companies. The empirical data comprises 38 interviews with managers of four case companies, 165 customer reference descriptions gathered from six case companies' Web sites, as well as company internal material. The findings from the case studies show that customer references have various external and internal functions that contribute to the growth and performance of B to B firms. Externally, customer references bring status transfer effects from reputable customers, concretise and demonstrate complex solutions, and provide indirect evidence of experience, previous performance, technological functionality and delivered customer value. They can also be leveraged internally to facilitate organisational learning and training, advance offering development, and motivate personnel. Major reference projects create new business opportunities and can be used as a vehicle for strategic change. The findings of the study shed light on the on going changing orientations in the project business environment, increase understanding of the variety of ways in which customer references can be deployed as marketing assets, and provide a framework of the relevant tasks and activities related to building, managing and leveraging a firm's customer reference portfolio. The findings contribute to the industrial marketing research, to the literature on marketing assets and capabilities and to the literature on projects and solutions. The proposed functions and mechanisms of customer reference marketing bring a more thorough and structured understanding about the essence and characteristics of the phenomenon and give a wide ranging view of the role of customer references as marketing assets for B to B firms. The study suggests several managerial implications for industrial suppliers in order to systematise customer reference marketing efforts.

Marketing orientation of small Firms- a study with reference to Trivandrum district

The small business has attracted very little attention of the historians in the ancient times, or public mind inspite of the fact that its impact on the various civilisations has been phenominal. Even in recent times economists considered the small firms as inappropriate, obselate and anacronistic as it cannot assimilate the full potential of technological change in the production system. But today everybody agrees that the small business has a definite role in shaping the human destiny and enhancing the quality of life in any society. In a developing country like India small firms are necessary to generate employment for millions, high standared of personal choice to consumers, provide competition and act as a check to monopoly power; further the small firms provide an important source of innovation and in turn it paves the way for entrepreneur development in the society. In many countries the small enterprises played a significant role in the growth and development of their economic system. Italy and Japan are quoted as classic examples . In India, too, with the abundance of labour and scarce capital resources small firms have been promoted and protected by the government. But one must say that the small firm owners/managers in India have been shy in developing a market orientation in themeselves. Due to this many firms failed and closed. The alarming rate of sickness among the small firms in India may be attributed to the lack of market driven/customer orientation approach among the owner/managers of small business. So the study on the market oreintation of the small firms has never been in the mind of marketing experts and academicians. Thus, an attempt is made to enquire into them systematically and scientifically. For the study, Trivandrum district in Kerala has been selected. The data for the study has been collected by the help of a schedule which has been prepared after consulting the relevant literature and after consultation with experts in the field, academicians and practising managers.

Behavioural Competency Management with special reference to Commercial Banks headquartered in Kerala

This study aims to analyze, compare and contrast the behavioral competency of officials in commercial banks headquartered in Kerala. This is done by analyzing the soft skills/behavioral skills possessed by an individual employee in both clerical and managerial levels and the means adopted to enhance their said skills in near future. The study was conducted with the objective of analyzing the behavioral competency of the managers and clerical staff in the commercial banks headquartered in Kerala. The researcher has gone through the available literature with respect to employee competency, job satisfaction and employee performance evaluation to formulate the problem and conceptualize the framework of the study. The study concluded that the competency of the employees differs from one bank to the other but strengthening the employees’ competency is the only possible solution by which the banks can determine their future growth prospects. Only through competency, banks can achieve high level of performance especially under the globalised situation.

Immigrants in the Czech Republic (With Special Reference to Ukrainian Workers and "Western" Firms Operating in Prague)

International migration has increased rapidly in the Czech Republic, with more than 150,000 legally registered foreign residents at the end of 1996. A large proportion of these are in Prague - 35% of the total in December 1996. The aim of this project was to enrich the fund of information concerning the "environment", reasons and "mechanisms" behind immigration to the Czech Republic. Mr. Drbohlav looked first at the empirical situation and on this basis set out to test certain well-known migration theories. He focused on four main areas: 1) a detailed description and explanation of the stock of foreign citizens legally settled in Czech territory, concentrating particularly on "economic" migrants; 2) a questionnaire survey targeting a total of 192 Ukrainian workers (98 in the fall 1995 and 94 in the fall 1996) working in Prague or its vicinity; 3) a second questionnaire survey of 40 "western" firms (20 in 1996 and 20 in 1997) operating out of Prague; 4) an opinion poll on how the Czech population reacts to foreign workers in the CR. Over 80% of economic immigrants at the end of 1996 were from European countries, 16% from Asia and under 2% from North America. The largest single nationalities were Ukrainians, Slovaks, Vietnamese and Poles. There has been a huge increase in the Ukrainian immigrant community over both space (by region) and time (a ten-fold increase since 1993), and at 40,000 persons this represents one third of all legal immigrants. Indications are that many more live and work there illegally. Young males with low educational/skills levels predominate, in contrast with the more heterogeneous immigration from the "West". The primary reason for this migration is the higher wages in the Czech Republic. In 1994 the relative figures of GDP adjusted for parity of purchasing power were US$ 8,095 for the Czech Republic versus US$ 3,330 for the Ukraine as a whole and US$ 1,600 for the Zakarpatye region from which 49% of the respondents in the survey came. On an individual level, the average Czech wage is about US$ 330 per month, while 50% of the Ukrainian respondents put their last monthly wage before leaving for the Czech Republic at under US$ 27. The very low level of unemployment in the latter country (fluctuating around 4%) was also mentioned as an important factor. Migration was seen as a way of diversifying the family's source of income and 49% of the respondents had made their plans together with partners or close relatives, while 45% regularly send remittances to Ukraine (94% do so through friends or relatives). Looking at Ukrainian migration from the point of view of the dual market theory, these migrants' type and conditions of work, work load and earnings were all significantly worse than in the primary sector, which employs well educated people and offers them good earnings, job security and benefits. 53% of respondents were working and/or staying in the Czech Republic illegally at the time of the research, 73% worked as unqualified, unskilled workers or auxiliary workers, 62% worked more than 12 hours a day, and 40% evaluated their working conditions as hard. 51% had no days off, earnings were low in relation to the number of hours worked. and 85% said that their earnings did not increase over time. Nearly half the workers were recruited in Ukraine and only 4% expressed a desire to stay in the Czech Republic. Network theories were also borne out to some extent as 33% of immigrants came together with friends from the same village, town or region in Ukraine. The number who have relatives working in the Czech Republic is rising, and many wish to invite relatives or children to visit them. The presence of organisations which organised cross-border migration, including some which resort to organising illegal documents, also gives some support for the institutional theory. Mr. Drbohlav found that all the migration theories considered offered some insights on the situation, but that none was sufficient to explain it all. He also points out parallels with many other regions of the world, including Central America, South and North America, Melanesia, Indonesia, East Africa, India, the Middle East and Russia. For the survey of foreign and international firms, those chosen were largely from countries represented by more than one company and were mainly active in market services such as financial and trade services, marketing and consulting. While 48% of the firms had more than 10,000 employees spread through many countries, more than two thirds had fewer than 50 employees in the Czech Republic. Czechs formed 80% plus of general staff in these firms although not more than 50% of senior management, and very few other "easterners" were employed. All companies absolutely denied employing people illegally. The average monthly wage of Czech staff was US$ 850, with that of top managers from the firm's "mother country" being US$ 6,350 and that of other western managers US$ 3,410. The foreign staff were generally highly mobile and were rarely accompanied by their families. Most saw their time in the Czech Republic as positive for their careers but very few had any intention of remaining there. Factors in the local situation which were evaluated positively included market opportunities, the economic and political environment, the quality of technical and managerial staff, and cheap labour and low production costs. In contrast, the level of appropriate business ethics and conduct, the attitude of local and regional authorities, environmental production conditions, the legal environment and financial markets and fiscal policy were rated very low. In the final section of his work Mr. Drbohlav looked at the opinions expressed by the local Czech population in a poll carried out at the beginning of 1997. This confirmed that international labour migration has become visible in this country, with 43% of respondents knowing at least one foreigner employed by a Czech firm in this country. Perception differ according to the region from which the workers come and those from "the West" are preferred to those coming from further east. 49% saw their attitude towards the former as friendly but only 20% felt thus towards the latter. Overall, attitudes towards migrant workers is neutral, although 38% said that such workers should not have the same rights as Czech citizens. Sympathy towards foreign workers tends to increase with education and the standard of living, and the relatively positive attitudes towards foreigners in the South Bohemia region contradicted the frequent belief that a lack of experience of international migration lowers positive perceptions of it.

"It's not my fault - but only I can change it":counterfactual and prefactual thoughts of managers

In testing for the self-serving bias in performance evaluation, the authors propose that comparing managers' counterfactual and prefactual thoughts about subordinates' performance is more conclusive than the attributional approach and also offers practical advantages. In a study with 120 managers, a 4-way interaction of subordinate performance, temporal perspective, direction, and reference confirmed the predicted pattern. Managers' thoughts about how a weak performance could have been enhanced had external references, but thoughts about how such a performance could be enhanced in the future focused on the leader. This asymmetry was only observed for weak performance. Results are discussed with regard to biases in leaders' performance evaluations and to how counter- and prefactual thoughts could be used for leadership research and practice.

Reference Points: Hotel Management Training In The United States and Europe

Different cultures and historical precedents produce a broad range of influences on the training of hotel managers in Europe and the United States. The author isolates a certain number of facts the nature of which clarify an understanding of two attitudes which complement each other to the benefit of their common objective - efficient professional training.

Lawsonia Inermis-mediated Synthesis Of Silver Nanoparticles: Activity Against Human Pathogenic Fungi And Bacteria With Special Reference To Formulation Of An Antimicrobial Nanogel.

Lawsonia inermis mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) and its efficacy against Candida albicans, Microsporum canis, Propioniabacterium acne and Trichophyton mentagrophytes is reported. A two-step mechanism has been proposed for bioreduction and formation of an intermediate complex leading to the synthesis of capped nanoparticles was developed. In addition, antimicrobial gel for M. canis and T. mentagrophytes was also formulated. Ag-NPs were synthesized by challenging the leaft extract of L. inermis with 1 mM AgNO₃. The Ag-NPs were characterized by Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking and analysis sytem (NTA) and zeta potential was measured to detect the size of Ag-NPs. The antimicrobial activity of Ag-NPs was evaluated by disc diffusion method against the test organisms. Thus these Ag-NPs may prove as a better candidate drug due to their biogenic nature. Moreover, Ag-NPs may be an answer to the drug-resistant microorganisms.