von Neumann spin measurements with Rashba fields

We show that dynamics in the spin-orbit coupling field simulate the von Neumann measurement of a particle spin. We demonstrate how the measurement influences the spin and coordinate evolution of a particle by comparing two examples of such a procedure. The first example is a simultaneous measurement of spin components, sigma(x) and sigma(y), corresponding to non-commuting operators, which cannot be accurately obtained together at a given time instant due to the Heisenberg uncertainty ratio. By mapping spin dynamics onto a spatial walk, such a procedure determines measurement-time averages of sigma(x) and sigma(y), which can already be precisely evaluated in a single short-time measurement. The other, qualitatively different, example is the spin of a one-dimensional particle in a magnetic field. Here, the measurement outcome depends on the angle between the spin-orbit coupling and magnetic fields. These results can be applied to studies of spin-orbit coupled cold atoms and electrons in solids.

Structure de la distribution de probabilités de l'état GHZ sous l'action locale de transformations du groupe U(2)

Dans ce mémoire, je démontre que la distribution de probabilités de l'état quantique Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) sous l'action locale de mesures de von Neumann indépendantes sur chaque qubit suit une distribution qui est une combinaison convexe de deux distributions. Les coefficients de la combinaison sont reliés aux parties équatoriales des mesures et les distributions associées à ces coefficients sont reliées aux parties réelles des mesures. Une application possible du résultat est qu'il permet de scinder en deux la simulation de l'état GHZ. Simuler, en pire cas ou en moyenne, un état quantique comme GHZ avec des ressources aléatoires, partagées ou privées, et des ressources classiques de communication, ou même des ressources fantaisistes comme les boîtes non locales, est un problème important en complexité de la communication quantique. On peut penser à ce problème de simulation comme un problème où plusieurs personnes obtiennent chacune une mesure de von Neumann à appliquer sur le sous-système de l'état GHZ qu'il partage avec les autres personnes. Chaque personne ne connaît que les données décrivant sa mesure et d'aucune façon une personne ne connaît les données décrivant la mesure d'une autre personne. Chaque personne obtient un résultat aléatoire classique. La distribution conjointe de ces résultats aléatoires classiques suit la distribution de probabilités trouvée dans ce mémoire. Le but est de simuler classiquement la distribution de probabilités de l'état GHZ. Mon résultat indique une marche à suivre qui consiste d'abord à simuler les parties équatoriales des mesures pour pouvoir ensuite savoir laquelle des distributions associées aux parties réelles des mesures il faut simuler. D'autres chercheurs ont trouvé comment simuler les parties équatoriales des mesures de von Neumann avec de la communication classique dans le cas de 3 personnes, mais la simulation des parties réelles résiste encore et toujours.

The von Neumann-Morgenstern stable sets for 2x2 games

We analyze the von Neumann and Morgenstern stable sets for the mixed extension of 2 2 games when only single profitable deviations are allowed. We show that the games without a strict Nash equilibrium have a unique vN&M stable set and otherwise they have infinite sets.

Free algebras in Von Neumann-Bernays-Gӧdel set theory and positive elementary inductions in reasonable structures

This thesis consists of two independent chapters. The first chapter deals with universal algebra. It is shown, in von Neumann-Bernays-Gӧdel set theory, that free images of partial algebras exist in arbitrary varieties. It follows from this, as set-complete Boolean algebras form a variety, that there exist free set-complete Boolean algebras on any class of generators. This appears to contradict a well-known result of A. Hales and H. Gaifman, stating that there is no complete Boolean algebra on any infinite set of generators. However, it does not, as the algebras constructed in this chapter are allowed to be proper classes. The second chapter deals with positive elementary inductions. It is shown that, in any reasonable structure ᶆ, the inductive closure ordinal of ᶆ is admissible, by showing it is equal to an ordinal measuring the saturation of ᶆ. This is also used to show that non-recursively saturated models of the theories ACF, RCF, and DCF have inductive closure ordinals greater than _ω.

Constructing extensions of CP-maps via tensor dilations with rhe help of von Neumann modules

Gohm, Rolf; Skeide, M., (2005) 'Constructing extensions of CP-maps via tensor dilations with rhe help of von Neumann modules', Infinite Dimensional Analysis, Quantum Probability and Related Topics 8(2) pp.291-305 RAE2008

Spectrally bounded operators from von Neumann algebras

We prove that every unital spectrally bounded operator from a properly infinite von Neumann algebra onto a semisimple Banach algebra is a Jordan homomorphism.

Nature of quantum measurement for quantities not represented by Hermitian operators

In the case of a simple quantum system, we investigate the possibility of defining meaningful probabilities for a quantity that cannot be represented by a Hermitian operator. We find that the consistent-histories approach, recently applied to the case of quantum traversal time [N. Yamada, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 3350 (1999)], does not provide a suitable criterion and we dispute Yamada's claim of finding a simple solution to the tunneling-time problem. Rather, we define the probabilities for certain types of generally nonorthogonal decomposition of the system's quantum state. These relate to the interaction between the system and its environment, can be observed in a generalized von Neumann measurement, and are consistent with a particular class of positive-operator-valued measures.

The spectrum of the Liouville-von Neumann operator in the Hilbert-Schmidt space

The singular continuous spectrum of the Liouville operator of quantum statistical physics is, in general, properly included in the difference of the spectral values of the singular continuous spectrum of the associated Hamiltonian. The absolutely continuous spectrum of the Liouvillian may arise from a purely singular continuous Hamiltonian. We provide the correct formulas for the spectrum of the Liouville operator and show that the decaying states of the singular continuous subspace of the Hamiltonian do not necessarily contribute to the absolutely continuous subspace of the Liouvillian.

The von Neumann Minimax Theorem and its relatives and a study of externality in on-line auctions

This work consists of a theoretical part and an experimental one. The first part provides a simple treatment of the celebrated von Neumann minimax theorem as formulated by Nikaid6 and Sion. It also discusses its relationships with fundamental theorems of convex analysis. The second part is about externality in sponsored search auctions. It shows that in these auctions, advertisers have externality effects on each other which influence their bidding behavior. It proposes Hal R.Varian model and shows how adding externality to this model will affect its properties. In order to have a better understanding of the interaction among advertisers in on-line auctions, it studies the structure of the Google advertisements networ.k and shows that it is a small-world scale-free network.

Von Neumann-Morgenstern Stable Sets in Matching Problems

The following properties of the core of a one well-known: (i) the core is non-empty; (ii) the core is a lattice; and (iii) the set of unmatched agents is identical for any two matchings belonging to the core. The literature on two-sided matching focuses almost exclusively on the core and studies extensively its properties. Our main result is the following characterization of (von Neumann-Morgenstern) stable sets in one-to-one matching problem only if it is a maximal set satisfying the following properties : (a) the core is a subset of the set; (b) the set is a lattice; (c) the set of unmatched agents is identical for any two matchings belonging to the set. Furthermore, a set is a stable set if it is the unique maximal set satisfying properties (a), (b) and (c). We also show that our main result does not extend from one-to-one matching problems to many-to-one matching problems.

A time for real building performance measurement

The Mobile Architecture and Built Environment Laboratory (MABEL) was conceived upon the principle of investigating building environmental performance in situ. MABEL provides the first means of integrated, on-site measurement of the key aspects of internal built environments; energy, lighting, air quality, ventilation, acoustics and comfort using state-ofthe- art technology and instrumentation. The intention of this paper is to explain the how and what need to be measured in our buildings if we are to search of a genuine performance answer as well as the information to provide a solution. Several results of real building measurement are provided here, suggesting that a national program on 'as performing' is required if we are to proceed in a sustainable manner.