Relative accuracy and predictive ability of direct valuation methods, price to aggregate earnings method and a hybrid approach

In this paper, we assess the relative performance of the direct valuation method and industry multiplier models using 41 435 firm-quarter Value Line observations over an 11 year (1990–2000) period. Results from both pricingerror and return-prediction analyses indicate that direct valuation yields lower percentage pricing errors and greater return prediction ability than the forward price to aggregated forecasted earnings multiplier model. However, a simple hybrid combination of these two methods leads to more accurate intrinsic value estimates, compared to either method used in isolation. It would appear that fundamental analysis could benefit from using one approach as a check on the other.

EU Commission participation in the Troika mission: is there a European Union price to pay?

The article is intended to debate two questions regarding the involvement of the Commission in the Troika's action: firstly, considering the nature of financial assistance programs, it aims to discuss the effect of the Commission's participation in Troika negotiations on the balance of power of the EU institutions; and secondly, the article raises the issue of the Commission's liability for the results achieved by the financial assistance program, taking into account the extent of the conditions imposed, as well as the intensity of scrutiny by the Troika.

Country Risk and Market Reactions to Earnings Announcements: Evidence from Finnish Stock Markets

The objective of this thesis is to examine the market reaction around earnings announcements in Finnish stock markets. The aim is to find out whether the extreme market conditions during the financial crisis are reflected in stock prices as a stronger reaction. In addition to this, the purpose is to investigate how extensively Finnish listed companies report the country segmentation of revenues in their interim reports and whether the country risk is having a significant impact on perceived market reaction. The sample covers all companies listed in Helsinki stock exchange at 1.1.2010 and these companies’ interim reports from the first quarter of 2008 to last quarter of 2009. Final sample consists of 81 companies and 630 firm-quarter observations. The data sample has been divided in two parts, of which country risk sample contains 17 companies and 127 observations and comparison sample covers 66 companies and 503 observations. Research methodologies applied in this thesis are event study and cross-sectional regression analysis. Empirical results indicate that the market reaction occurs mainly during the announcement day and is slightly stronger in case of positive earnings surprises than the reactions observed in previous studies. In case of negative earnings surprises no significant differences can be observed. In case of country risk sample and negative earnings surprise market reaction is negative already in advance of the disclosure contrary to comparison sample. In case of positive surprise no differences can be observed. Country risk variable developed during this study seems to explain only minor part of the market reaction.

The contribution of supply and demand shifts to earnings inequality in urban China

This paper examines the degree to which supply and demand shift across skill groups contributed to the earnings inequality increase in urban China from 1988 to 2002. Product demand shift contributed to an equalizing of earnings distribution in urban China from 1988 to 1995 by increasing the relative product for the low educated. However, it contributed to enlarging inequality from 1995 to 2002 by increasing the relative demand for the highly educated. Relative demand was continuously higher for workers in the coastal region and contributed to a raising of interregional inequality. Supply shift contributed essentially nothing or contributed only slightly to a reduction in inequality. Remaining factors, the largest disequalizer, may contain skill-biased technological and institutional changes, and unobserved supply shift effects due to increasing numbers of migrant workers.

Os Determinantes da Política de Distribuição de Dividendos

No presente trabalho estudam-se os determinantes da política de dividendos. A temática dos dividendos até hoje abarca várias questões sem respostas. O objectivo aqui traçado foi o de estudar os determinantes dos dividendos distribuídos pelas empresas não financeiras que constituem o Índice PSI-20 (Portuguese Stock Index), em particular tentar identificar quais os factores que levam essas empresas a atribuírem dividendos, tendo em conta o que é sugerido pela literatura. Foi adoptado uma metodologia baseada no modelo de regressão linear multivariada estimado pelo método dos mínimos quadrados ordinários através da técnica de dados em painel, balanceados e com efeitos fixos. A amostra foi constituída por 12 empresas não financeiras do índice PSI-20 entre o período de 2002 e 2009. A política de dividendos foi medida pela variável dependente denominada de rácio de distribuição de dividendos. Ao testar quais as variáveis explicativas que têm um impacto significativo (positivo ou negativo) nesse rácio conforme os sinais observados na literatura, bem como, se os sectores de actividade em que se enquadram cada empresa podem condicionar a referida política, chegou-se às seguintes conclusões: o Market to Book ratio, o Debt to Equity ratio e o Size apresentam evidências de serem factores determinantes dos dividendos enquanto a Rendibilidade das Vendas, o Price to Earnings ratio, a Liquidez, o Float e o Beta não apresentaram evidências de serem determinantes da política de dividendos das empresas analisadas. Os resultados sugerem ainda que os sectores em que se enquadram cada empresa estudada podem ser vistos como sectores cujas empresas têm a tendência de pagar menos dividendos.

OS DETERMINANTES DA POLÍTICA DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE DIVIDENDOS: O CASO DAS EMPRESAS NÃO FINANCEIRAS DO ÍNDICE PSI-20

No presente trabalho estudam-se os determinantes da política de dividendos. A temática dos dividendos até hoje abarca várias questões sem respostas. O objectivo aqui traçado foi o de estudar os determinantes dos dividendos distribuídos pelas empresas não financeiras que constituem o Índice PSI-20 (Portuguese Stock Index), em particular tentar identificar quais os factores que levam essas empresas a atribuírem dividendos, tendo em conta o que é sugerido pela literatura. Foi adoptado uma metodologia baseada no modelo de regressão linear multivariada estimado pelo método dos mínimos quadrados ordinários através da técnica de dados em painel, balanceados e com efeitos fixos. A amostra foi constituída por 12 empresas não financeiras do índice PSI-20 entre o período de 2002 e 2009. A política de dividendos foi medida pela variável dependente denominada de rácio de distribuição de dividendos. Ao testar quais as variáveis explicativas que têm um impacto significativo (positivo ou negativo) nesse rácio conforme os sinais observados na literatura, bem como, se os sectores de actividade em que se enquadram cada empresa podem condicionar a referida política, chegou-se às seguintes conclusões: o Market to Book ratio, o Debt to Equity ratio e o Size apresentam evidências de serem factores determinantes dos dividendos enquanto a Rendibilidade das Vendas, o Price to Earnings ratio, a Liquidez, o Float e o Beta não apresentaram evidências de serem determinantes da política de dividendos das empresas analisadas. Os resultados sugerem ainda que os sectores em que se enquadram cada empresa estudada podem ser vistos como sectores cujas empresas têm a tendência de pagar menos dividendos.

Ratios and indicators that determine return on equity

This study aims to investigate factors that may affect return on equity (ROE). The ROE is a gauge of profit generating efficiency and a strong measure of how well the management of a firm creates value for its shareholders. Firms with higher ROE typically have competitive advantages over their competitors which translates into superior returns for investors. Therefore, seems imperative to study the drivers of ROE, particularly ratios and indicators that may have considerable impact. The analysis is done on a sample of 90 largest non-financial companies which are components of NASDAQ-100 index and also on industry sector samples. The ordinary least squares method is used to find the most impactful drivers of ROE. The extended DuPont model’s components are considered as the primary factors affecting ROE. In addition, other ratios and indicators such as price to earnings, price to book and current are also incorporated. Consequently, the study uses eight ratios that are believed to have impact on ROE. According to our findings, the most relevant ratios that determine ROE are tax burden, interest burden, operating margin, asset turnover and financial leverage (extended DuPont components) regardless of industry sectors.

Earnings management and stock price crashes post-crossdelisting

We test whether cross-delisted firms from the major U.S. stock exchanges experience an increase in crash risk associated with earnings management. Consistent with our prediction, we find that earnings management have a greater positive impact on stock price crash risk post-cross-delisting when compared to a sample of still cross-listed firms. Moreover, our results suggest that this effect is more pronounced for crossdelisted firms from countries with weaker investor protection and poorer quality of their information environment. We further examine whether managers’ ability to manipulate earnings increases post-cross-delisting around seasoned equity offerings. Our evidence shows that cross-delisted firms that engage in earnings management to inflate reported earnings prior to a seasoned equity offering are more likely to observe a subsequent stock price crash.

Report to the Minister for Health and Children: Independent Examination related to the Medical Council and South-Eastern Health Board (Dr John Harding Price)

The Minister for Health and Children has requested that an independent review be carried out of the circumstances surrounding the employment of a UK based Consultant Psychiatrist, Dr John Harding-Price, to a locum psychiatrist position with the South Eastern Health Board (SEHB) while he was suspended by the General Medical Council (GMC) in the United Kingdom and consequently the subject of legal proceedings by the Medical Council in Ireland. The Consultant was continuously registered with the Medical Council since 1968. Download the document here

Finnish stock market reaction to quarterly earnings announcements

This thesis examines the stock market reactions to quarterly earnings announcements. The study covers the OMX Helsinki 25 index companies for the years 2007–2010. The stock market response to quarterly earnings announcements is tested by employing the event study –methodology and daily stock returns of Finnish listed companies. The thesis provides evidence that stock prices react to earnings announcements that exceed or fall below analyst forecasts. The most liquid stocks earn higher returns around positive earnings news than less traded stocks, which supports the evidence from previous studies. This thesis finds evidence for the authorization to sell stocks short reducing the post–earnings announcement drift induced by negative earnings news. In addition, the market’s reaction to earnings announcements seems to quicken during economic turmoil.