O sentido ético da dramática de si e o significado político da poética da diferença na pragmática do ensino: considerações à luz de Foucault

This essay discusses the theme of poetics in teaching activity, and discusses its possible ability to think about the ethical-formative sense and its possible political use to propose alternatives to the educational praxis that is restricted, in actuality, a pragmatic teaching. From the point of view of aesthetics of existence, therefore, we proposes a particular notion of poetic, fairly close to what can be understood by the dramatic that underlies the pragmatic of you last Foucault, as well as analyzes your chances to problematize the current pragmatic teaching. Thus, we look forward to assist the educator thinking both the possibility of ethics (self) transformation as the meaning of formation of another in his educational activity.

O diagnóstico da linguagem e a linguagem do diagnóstico : uma perspectiva pragmática

A teoria dos atos de fala, de John Austin, apresenta a linguagem a partir de uma perspectiva pragmática, ou seja, quando os signos têm um compromisso com a produção de realidades, de mundo e de sujeitos. A linguagem possui – nessa perspectiva – força de criação. Em sintonia com os estudos da pragmática da linguagem, defenderemos a ideia que uma classificação não é mera descrição neutra acerca dos fatos, e Ian Hacking será a ponte entre a linguagem (enquanto fonte de produção de mundo) e as classificações (como produtoras de sujeitos). Para esse autor, as classificações tanto transformam quanto são transformadas. Elas, de diversas formas, interagem entre si, com os sujeitos, com as instituições, com os saberes, enfim, com tudo aquilo a que faz referência. A partir de uma revisão, análise e composição bibliográfica, o trabalho se dedicará a produzir um elo entre a problemática da linguagem-ato, tal como postulada por John Austin, e o caráter produtor de realidade das classificações. Dentre as classificações, daremos importância particular ao diagnóstico (enquanto uma espécie de estudo de caso na teoria dos enunciados) e seus efeitos pragmáticos, a partir dos elementos que lhe dão força de eficácia e existência em nosso mundo contemporâneo, tendo em vista o aumento do número e da proliferação de categorias nosológicas no corpo social. Trataremos, em particular, as classificações da medicina psiquiátrica. Abordaremos, por um lado, as condições que contribuem na emergência e na potência de um diagnóstico e, por outro, seus efeitos. Dentre os efeitos que daremos importância, encontramos a formação de novos sujeitos e modos de vida. Sendo assim, tanto as condições de eficácia de um enunciado quanto seus efeitos são estendidos à noção de diagnóstico enquanto uma classificação numa condição sociohistórica particular.

Lengua y cultura desde una perspectiva pragmática : algunos ejemplos aplicados al español.

Se analiza la relación de la lengua con la cultura, y de la manera en que se usa la lengua según la cultura en la que se integra. Así, para un estudiante de lengua extranjera existe el problema de adaptarse a las contumbres y maneras lingüísticas de tal lengua. Esta cuestión es aparte del manejo que el estudiante posea de la lengua y de cómo se exprese en ella. Se trata de comportamientos sociales que suelen estar implícitos, y que si no se conocen, pueden dar pie a frases poco convenientes, correctas gramaticalmente, pero con poca aceptación en la práctica lingüística.

Pragmática e interculturalidad en la enseñanza del español como lengua extranjera : las estrategias de cortesía en los manuales ELE.

Resumen tomado de la publicación. Memoria de máster (Universidad de Alicante, 2005)

El niño frente a la imagen fílmica con ruptura : (Intento de aproximación semántico-pragmática al análisis de la comunicación).

Determinar los códigos semánticos de los sujetos de clase alta y de clase baja y ver si existen diferencias entre los mismos. Estudiar la decodificación del film por parte de ambos grupos de sujetos, ver como actúan sus respectivos códigos en la misma y comprobar si existen diferencias en cuanto a los mecanismos utilizados por unos y por otros. 8 sujetos de edades comprendidas entre los 10 y los 11 años. La mitad corresponden a la clase alta y la mitad a la clase baja. El 50 por cierto varones y el 50 por ciento mujeres. En la investigación se han seguido los siguientes pasos: 1. Análisis semántico del film con ruptura que se le administra a los niños; 2. Determinación de los filtros de recepción de programas o sistemas de codificación individuales y propios de la subcultura de pertenencia, para lo que se utilizaron diversas láminas del TAT; 3. Comparación entre el film objetivo ofrecido y las distintas decodificaciones del film presentado, para lo que se utilizaron las diferentes explicaciones realizadas por los sujetos respecto al film visualizado. En la muestra se han controlado las variables sexo, edad y cociente intelectual. Cuestionario elaborado ad hoc para determinar la clase social de pertenencia. Test de Goodenough para determinar el cociente intelectual. Film elaborado ad hoc. Test de Apercepción Temática (TAT) para determinar los filtros de recepción. Análisis semántico. Se describen los códigos semánticos y los mecanismos pragmáticos de cada uno de los sujetos participantes y los de cada clase social (alta y baja) a la que están adscritos.

Pragmática y enseñanza de la lengua

Monográfico con el título: Lingüística y educación lingüística. Resumen basado en el de la publicación. Resumen en inglés

La línea editorial: una cuestión de Pragmática. El caso de ABC y El País

L’elaborato ha come oggetto l’analisi di alcune tecniche di attenuazione e intensificazione ricorrenti nel linguaggio giornalistico spagnolo. Per l’analisi e si forniranno molteplici esempi tratti dagli articoli di due giornali prestigiosi: ABC ed El País. Gli articoli scelti sono rilevanti per il loro contenuto in quanto trattano alcune tematiche particolarmente controverse nella società spagnola. L’elaborato si suddivide in tre capitoli: nel primo si traccia una breve storia del giornalismo, nel secondo si introduce il concetto di linea editoriale e nel terzo si presenterà la proposta di analisi.

A formação de personalidades éticas: representações de si e moral

The article presents studies of a current investigation among 75 adolescents from 12 to 15 years old, students of private schools of Campinas city, that have as main objective to notice a possible correspondence among the moral judgments and the representation that individuals have about themselves. From a questionnaire, the studies bring out the representations of these individuals and answer a questioning if they would have an ethical character or not and if these individuals would correspond to their moral judgments. The results point out to a correspondence among those whose self representations are characterized by more evolved ethical contents and judgments related to sensitivity and to the characters feelings involved in the situations described. Such studies validate the intention of this article to discuss the correspondences between ethics (how the individual sees himself/herself) and moral (how he/she judges the situations moral).

Significação e contexto: uma introdução a questões de semântica e pragmática

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Os caminhos da pragmática no Brasil

This paper traces the history of the study of pragmatics in Brazil. It is shown that Brazilian researches have, by and large, remained attentive to major developments in the field taking place elsewhere in the world. Of particular importance is the burgeoning tendency to focus attention on social issues affecting the day-to-day lives of ordinary people. More and more researchers are realizing the need to assume a critical role in relation to the theories they encounter in the literature.

Corpo : a busca de si, esse estranho... no encontro com o outro

Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educação Física

Evaluation of Ti(3)Si Phase Stability from Heat-Treated, Rapidly Solidified Ti-Si Alloys

Ti-base alloys containing significant amounts of silicon have been considered for high temperature structural applications. Thus, information concerning phase stability on the Ti-Si system is fundamental and there are not many investigations covering the phase stability of the Ti(3)Si phase, specially its dependence on oxygen/nitrogen contamination. In this work the stability of this phase has been evaluated through heat-treatment of rapidly solidified Ti-rich Ti-Si alloys at 700 A degrees C and 1000 A degrees C. The rapidly solidified splats presented nanometric scale microstructures which facilitated the attainment of equilibrium conditions. The destabilization of Ti(3)Si due to oxygen/nitrogen contamination has been noted.

Isothermal Section of the V-Si-B System at 1600 A degrees C in the V-VSi(2)-VB Region

In recent years, the Me-Si-B (Me-metal) ternary systems have received considerable attention aiming at the development of high-temperature structural materials. Assuming that any real application of these materials will rely on multicomponent alloys, as is the case of Ni-base superalloys, phase equilibria data of these systems become very important. In this work, results are reported on phase equilibria in the V-Si-B system, and are summarized in the form of an isothermal section at 1600 A degrees C for the V-VSi(2)-VB region. Several alloys of different compositions were prepared via arc melting and then heat-treated at 1600 A degrees C under high vacuum. All the materials in both as-cast and heat-treated conditions were characterized through x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and selected alloys via wavelength dispersive spectroscopy. A negligible solubility of B in the V(3)Si, V(5)Si(3) (T(1)), and V(6)Si(5) phases as well as of Si in V(3)B(2) and VB phases was noted. Two ternary phases presenting the structures known as T(2) (Cr(5)B(3)-prototype) and D8(8) (Mn(5)Si(3)-prototype) were observed in both as-cast and heat-treated samples. It is proposed that at 1600 A degrees C the homogeneity range of T(2) extends approximately from 5 at.% to 12 at.% Si at constant vanadium content and the composition of D8(8) phase is close to V(59.5)Si(33)B(7.5) (at.%).

Microstructural Evidence of beta Co(2)Si- phase Stability in the Co-Si System

The aim of this work was to verify the stability of the beta Co(2)Si phase in the Co-Si system. The samples were produced via arc-melting and characterized through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA). The results have confirmed the stability of the beta Co(2)Si phase, however, a modification of the shape of beta CoSi phase field is proposed in order to fully explain the results.

Chemical similarities between Galactic bulge and local thick disk red giants: O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, and Ti

Context. The formation and evolution of the Galactic bulge and its relationship with the other Galactic populations is still poorly understood. Aims. To establish the chemical differences and similarities between the bulge and other stellar populations, we performed an elemental abundance analysis of alpha- (O, Mg, Si, Ca, and Ti) and Z-odd (Na and Al) elements of red giant stars in the bulge as well as of local thin disk, thick disk and halo giants. Methods. We use high-resolution optical spectra of 25 bulge giants in Baade's window and 55 comparison giants (4 halo, 29 thin disk and 22 thick disk giants) in the solar neighborhood. All stars have similar stellar parameters but cover a broad range in metallicity (-1.5 < [Fe/H] < +0.5). A standard 1D local thermodynamic equilibrium analysis using both Kurucz and MARCS models yielded the abundances of O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti and Fe. Our homogeneous and differential analysis of the Galactic stellar populations ensured that systematic errors were minimized. Results. We confirm the well-established differences for [alpha/Fe] at a given metallicity between the local thin and thick disks. For all the elements investigated, we find no chemical distinction between the bulge and the local thick disk, in agreement with our previous study of C, N and O but in contrast to other groups relying on literature values for nearby disk dwarf stars. For -1.5 < [Fe/H] < -0.3 exactly the same trend is followed by both the bulge and thick disk stars, with a star-to-star scatter of only 0.03 dex. Furthermore, both populations share the location of the knee in the [alpha/Fe] vs. [Fe/H] diagram. It still remains to be confirmed that the local thick disk extends to super-solar metallicities as is the case for the bulge. These are the most stringent constraints to date on the chemical similarity of these stellar populations. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that the bulge and local thick disk stars experienced similar formation timescales, star formation rates and initial mass functions, confirming thus the main outcomes of our previous homogeneous analysis of [O/Fe] from infrared spectra for nearly the same sample. The identical a-enhancements of thick disk and bulge stars may reflect a rapid chemical evolution taking place before the bulge and thick disk structures we see today were formed, or it may reflect Galactic orbital migration of inner disk/bulge stars resulting in stars in the solar neighborhood with thick-disk kinematics.