Exploring Capacity Building of Ontario Dental Hygiene Educators During National Curriculum Reform

In times of educational change, educators are given the task of implementing new initiatives that meet the needs of a changing environment; yet, they are often dismissed from developmental phases of the reform. This top-down structure deters educators’ personal capacity building as their knowledge, values, assumptions, and beliefs are not acknowledged or explicitly developed as part of the initiative. This study explored Ontario dental hygiene educators’ perspectives of how they may build personal capacity during an externally mandated national curriculum reform, the Entry-to-Practice Competencies and Standards for Canadian Dental Hygienists (National Competencies). Narratives were collected from 5 dental hygiene educators of diverse educational training and teaching organizations. Three themes emerged that included perceptions of structural influence, perceptions of learning access, and perceptions of identity. Each theme was linked to tasks that were required to build personal capacity for sustainable school change. The theoretical framework and the required tasks demonstrated the interconnectedness between educators, leaders, and the organization for building educators’ personal capacity.

Alcohol expectancy changes over a 12-week cognitive–behavioral therapy program are predictive of treatment success

This study examines if outcome expectancies (perceived consequences of engaging in certain behavior) and self- efficacy expectancies (confidence in personal capacity to regulate behavior) contribute to treatment outcome for alcohol dependence. Few clinical studies have examined these constructs. The Drinking Expectancy Profile (DEP), a psychometric measure of alcohol expectancy and drinking refusal selfefficacy, was administered to 298 alcohol-dependent patients (207 males) at assessment and on completion of a 12-week cognitive–behavioral therapy alcohol abstinence program. Baseline measures of expectancy and self-efficacy were not strong predictors of outcome. However, for the 164 patients who completed treatment, all alcohol expectancy and self-efficacy factors of the DEP showed change over time. The DEP scores approximated community norms at the end of treatment. Discriminant analysis indicated that change in social pressure drinking refusal self-efficacy, sexual enhancement expectancies, and assertion expectancies successfully discriminated those who successfully completed treatment from those who did not. Future research should examine the basis of expectancies related to social functioning as a possible mechanism of treatment response and a means to enhance treatment outcome.

Facebook, Twitter, SMS and YouTube : the ramifications and risks for surgeons

Social media revolution has impacted on how people interact with one another. This has been a worldwide phenomenon. Whilst social media had its genesis in the personal and private realm its use has expanded exponentially to professional and business contexts, as well as being adopted by governments, politicians, journalists – everyone in just about every walk of life. Although at first the uptake was slow, surgeons and other health professionals are now using social media in their professional as well as personal capacity. This comes with significant advantages and opportunities for improving surgical practice and for facilitating attending communication, but it also comes with certain risks, including legal liability. This paper outlines the ways in which social media including, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and SMS, is increasingly being employed in surgical practice and explains the legal and ethical consequences that may inadvertently arise in its official, as well as, unofficial use.

The expression and development of teachers' capacities within two learning communities : a participant-observer case study

The learning community model has been an integral component of teacher development in Ontarian schools and beyond. This research was conducted to understand how teachers' personal capacity and professional, interpersonal, and organizational competencies are developed and expressed within this context. Nineteen elementary teachers and administrators participated in the study from November through January 2007. A qualitative case study methodology was used to investigate the role ofteachers' capacities and competencies in learning communities. Combined data sources from semistructured interviews, research journals, and document review were used to gather data about teachers' capacities and competencies. The study included 3 phases of analysis. In the final phase the analysis provided 3 qualities of the teachers at Jude and Mountain Schools (pseudonyms): identification as professionals, investment in others, and institutional affiliation that may explain how they differed from other educators. The data revealed these three themes, which provided an understanding of educators at Jude and Mountain Schools as dedicated professionals pushing practices to contribute to school life and address student learning needs, and as teachers who reflected on practices to continue expanding their skills. Teachers were heavily invested in creating a caring culture and in students' and team members' learning. Educators actively participated in solving problems and coplanning throughout the school levels and beyond, assumed collective responsibility for all pupils, and focused on generating school-wide consistent practices. These qualities and action patterns revealed teachers who invested time and effort in their colleagues, who committed to develop as professionals, and who affiliated closely with every aspect of school living.

Pelham Cares Inc. fonds, 1980-2015

The beginnings of Pelham Cares occurred in 1982 when the Mayor of Pelham, Eric Bergenstein, received a letter from Janet Hassall, a social worker with Niagara Regional Home Care. Hassall requested that a Social Service Committee be established in Pelham to address gaps in community services, a practice that several other communities in the Region had adopted. Such committees were commonly composed of church parishioners, so Bergenstein contacted Canon J. Nowe of the Holy Trinity Anglican Church, who expressed an interest in participating in such a committee. Bergenstein arranged a meeting in June, 1982 at the United Church Hall in Fonthill, for any interested parties to learn more about the existing Social Service Committees in the Region. The meeting was not part of a Town Council project, but rather an initiative undertaken by Mayor Bergenstein in a personal capacity. Subsequent meetings chaired by Eric Bergenstein were held throughout the remainder of that year, during which the name of Pelham Cares was decided, a steering committee established, and services to be offered were determined. These initially included “visits with the lonely, the shut-ins, at home, hospital or on an outing ; run errands for those who are “stuck”; step in, in emergencies, or regularly, to free a parent or spouse who can’t otherwise get a “break”; in emergencies, provide food, clothing, furniture, medicine and other necessities”. The first official meeting of Pelham Cares occurred in January 1983. Currently, the main services offered by Pelham Cares are a food bank; transportation services to medical appointments; and sponsorship programs to allow youth with limited financial means to participate in sports, recreational and educational activities. The organization also provides emergency food, supplies or short term accommodation due to fire or other catastrophic loss, as well as providing referrals to appropriate organizations or agencies. Pelham Cares is dependent on the funding from community partners such as service clubs, citizens, local businesses, financial institutions and churches. These services are provided by volunteers and one part-time employee. A permanent location for Pelham Cares was established in 2014 with the purchase of a property on Highway 20 East in Fonthill, after a 30 years search for a permanent facility.

Diseño y evaluación de programa de resiliencia

El presente estudio refleja la revisión de la literatura en resiliencia respecto diversos programas de construcción del proceso resiliente desde un enfoque humanista que estudia las capacidades personales. Se diseñó un programa que pretende proporcionar herramientas necesarias para afrontar de una manera positiva las dificultades que se presentan en la vida, en una muestra intencional de seis trabajadores (n=6) hombres en la empresa familiar SAUCOS ltda, entre los veintiún y cincuenta años, caracterizados por vivir en contextos marcados por dificultades económicas y familiares. Teniendo en cuenta el planteamiento de Lemaitre & Puig (2004) respecto a los pilares de la resiliencia se elaboró un programa que comprende dos pruebas: Cuestionario De Resiliencia: Fuerza Y Seguridad Personal (Gonzáles, et.al, 2008), La Escala Resi-M (Gómez & Palomar, 2010) y un taller elaborado en seis sesiones durante abril y mayo del presente año. Los resultados muestran en el post-test un aumento significativo respecto a los puntajes del pre-test, para cada categoría; fortaleza en sí mismo (pre-test, M: 61.047, pos-test, M: 90.735), apoyo social (pre-test, M: 78.75, pos-test, M: 84.375), competencia social (pre-test, M: 73.75, pos-test, M: 93.04) y apoyo familiar (pre-test, M: 78.75, pos-test, M: 97.5), indicando que al aplicar un programa enfocado a la construcción de del proceso resiliente se obtienen resultados favorables que inciden en el afrontamiento positivo de las dificultades

Conflicts of law and the mutual recognition of same-sex unions in the EU

My thesis uses legal arguments to demonstrate a requirement for recognition of same-sex marriages and registered partnerships between EU Member States. I draw on the US experience, where arguments for recognition of marriages void in some states previously arose in relation to interracial marriages. I show how there the issue of recognition today depends on conflicts of law and its interface with US constitutional freedoms against discrimination. I introduce the themes of the importance of domicile, the role of the public policy exception, vested rights, and relevant US constitutional freedoms. Recognition in the EU also depends on managing the tension between private international law and freedoms guaranteed by higher norms, in this case the EU Treaties and the European Convention on Human Rights. I set out the inconsistencies between various private international law systems and the problems this creates. Other difficulties are caused by the use of nationality as a connecting factor to determine personal capacity, and the overuse of the public policy exception. I argue that EU Law can constrain the use of conflicts law or public policy by any Member State where these are used to deny effect to same-sex unions validly formed elsewhere. I address the fact that family law falls only partly within Union competence, that existing EU Directives have had limited success at achieving full equality and that powers to implement new measures have not been used to their full potential. However, Treaty provisions outlawing discrimination on grounds of nationality can be interpreted so as to require recognition in many cases. Treaty citizenship rights can also be interpreted favourably to mandate recognition, once private international law is itself recognised as an obstacle to free movement. Finally, evolving interpretations of the European Convention on Human Rights may also support claims for cross-border recognition of existing relationships.

Pasiones del riesgo y contacto con la naturaleza

Muchos deportistas aficionados en occidente, están emprendiendo hoy en día, largas e intensas ordalías donde la capacidad personal de resistir al sufrimiento en aumento constituye el objetivo principal. La carrera, el footing, el triatlón, el trekking, etc., son tipos de ordalías en las que la gente, sin apoyarse en una habilidad específica, no compite contra otros, sino que somete a prueba su propia capacidad para soportar el dolor creciente. El individuo se evalúa constantemente a sí mismo en una sociedad donde los puntos de referencia son incontables y contradictorios, donde los valores están en crisis, y busca entonces una relación cercana con significados profundos, probando su fuerza de carácter, su coraje y sus recursos personales. Seguir adelante hasta final de las ordalías autoimpuestas da una legitimidad a la vida y provee un umbral simbólico en el cual apoyarse. El funcionamiento en sí mismo tiene una importancia secundaria; sólo cuenta para el individuo. No se trata de luchar contra un tercero, es sólo un método para reforzar la voluntad personal y vencer el sufrimiento, justo al límite de una demanda personalmente impuesta. El límite físico ha venido a sustituir el límite moral que la sociedad actual no logra proporcionar. Sobreponiéndose al sufrimiento se templa el carácter del individuo, proporcionando así una importancia renovada y valiosa a su vida

Pasiones del riesgo y contacto con la naturaleza

Muchos deportistas aficionados en occidente, están emprendiendo hoy en día, largas e intensas ordalías donde la capacidad personal de resistir al sufrimiento en aumento constituye el objetivo principal. La carrera, el footing, el triatlón, el trekking, etc., son tipos de ordalías en las que la gente, sin apoyarse en una habilidad específica, no compite contra otros, sino que somete a prueba su propia capacidad para soportar el dolor creciente. El individuo se evalúa constantemente a sí mismo en una sociedad donde los puntos de referencia son incontables y contradictorios, donde los valores están en crisis, y busca entonces una relación cercana con significados profundos, probando su fuerza de carácter, su coraje y sus recursos personales. Seguir adelante hasta final de las ordalías autoimpuestas da una legitimidad a la vida y provee un umbral simbólico en el cual apoyarse. El funcionamiento en sí mismo tiene una importancia secundaria; sólo cuenta para el individuo. No se trata de luchar contra un tercero, es sólo un método para reforzar la voluntad personal y vencer el sufrimiento, justo al límite de una demanda personalmente impuesta. El límite físico ha venido a sustituir el límite moral que la sociedad actual no logra proporcionar. Sobreponiéndose al sufrimiento se templa el carácter del individuo, proporcionando así una importancia renovada y valiosa a su vida

Pasiones del riesgo y contacto con la naturaleza

Muchos deportistas aficionados en occidente, están emprendiendo hoy en día, largas e intensas ordalías donde la capacidad personal de resistir al sufrimiento en aumento constituye el objetivo principal. La carrera, el footing, el triatlón, el trekking, etc., son tipos de ordalías en las que la gente, sin apoyarse en una habilidad específica, no compite contra otros, sino que somete a prueba su propia capacidad para soportar el dolor creciente. El individuo se evalúa constantemente a sí mismo en una sociedad donde los puntos de referencia son incontables y contradictorios, donde los valores están en crisis, y busca entonces una relación cercana con significados profundos, probando su fuerza de carácter, su coraje y sus recursos personales. Seguir adelante hasta final de las ordalías autoimpuestas da una legitimidad a la vida y provee un umbral simbólico en el cual apoyarse. El funcionamiento en sí mismo tiene una importancia secundaria; sólo cuenta para el individuo. No se trata de luchar contra un tercero, es sólo un método para reforzar la voluntad personal y vencer el sufrimiento, justo al límite de una demanda personalmente impuesta. El límite físico ha venido a sustituir el límite moral que la sociedad actual no logra proporcionar. Sobreponiéndose al sufrimiento se templa el carácter del individuo, proporcionando así una importancia renovada y valiosa a su vida

If People Were Kaleidoscopes: Sharpening the Resolution on Patient Engagement in Safety

Healthcare is unacceptably error prone. The question remains why, with 20 years of evidence, is error and harm reduction not being effective? While precise numbers may be debated, all stakeholders recognize the frequency of healthcare errors is unacceptable, and greater efforts to ensure safety must occur. In recent years, one of these strategies has been the inclusion of the patient and their family as partners in safety, and has been a required organizational practice of Accreditation Canada in many of their standard sets. Existing patient advisories created to encourage engagement, have typically not included patient perspectives in their development or been comprehensively evaluated. There are no existing tools to determine if and how a patient wants to be involved in safety engagement. As such, a multi-phased study was undertaken to advance our knowledge about the client’s and family’s role in promoting safety. Phase 1 of the study was a scoping review to methodically review the existing literature about patients’ and families’ attitudes, beliefs and behaviours about their involvement in healthcare safety. Phase 2 was designed to inductively explore how a group of patients in an Ontario, Canada, community hospital, describe healthcare safety and see their role in preventing error. The study findings, which include the narratives of 30 patients and 4 family members, indicate that although there are shared themes that influence a patient’s engagement in patient safety, every individual has unique, changing beliefs, experiences and reasons for involvement. Five conceptual themes emerged from their narratives: Personal Capacity, Experiential Knowledge, Personal Character, Relationships, and Meaning of Safety. These study results will be used to develop and test a pragmatic, accessible tool to enable providers a way to collaborate with patients for determining their personal level and type of safety involvement. The most ethical and responsible approach to healthcare safety is to consider every facet and potential way for improvement. This exploratory study provides fundamental insights into the complexity of patient engagement in safety, and evidence for future steps.

Psychosocial interventions for reducing the harmful effects of war and conflict-related violence on young children aged 0-11 years (Protocol)

Children living in a conflict-affected society can be exposed to daily violence in their communities and, as such, may be at risk of a range of harmful effects. Psychosocial interventions in conflict-affected areas aim to improve outcomes for children and can be treatment or prevention focused. The literature mainly focuses on psychological effects e.g. PTSD or anxiety disorders. Until recently, rather less attention was paid to the influence of mediating variables (cultural context or personal capacity) and their importance in reducing harmful effects.

This systematic review will assess the effectiveness of interventions in reducing the harmful effects of war and conflict-related violence on young children. It will also determine whether the interventions have differential effects depending on age and gender.

Children living in conflict-affected societies have unique needs for support and services. As such, any intervention delivered should be designed and implemented using the best available evidence. Professionals, policy makers and service provider will benefit from this review as to ‘what works’ for this vulnerable population and further exploration (via a Ph.D.) is planned to further extend the impact of this review.

Is there really "nothing you can do"? Pathways to enhanced flood-risk preparedness

Whilst policy makers have tended to adopt an ‘information-deficit model’ to bolster levels of flood-risk preparedness primarily though communication strategies promoting awareness, the assumed causal relation between awareness and preparedness is empirically weak. As such, there is a growing interest amongst scholars and policy makers alike to better understand why at-risk individuals are underprepared. In this vein, empirical studies, typically employing quantitative methods, have tended to focus on exploring the extent to which flood-risk preparedness levels vary depending not only on socio-demographic variables, but also (and increasingly so) the perceptual factors that influence flood risk preparedness. This study builds upon and extends this body of research by offering a more solution-focused approach that seeks to identify how pathways to flood-risk preparedness can be opened up. Specifically, through application of a qualitative methodology, we seek to explore how the factors that negatively influence flood-risk preparedness can be addressed to foster a shift towards greater levels of mitigation behaviour. In doing so, we focus our analysis on an urban community in Ireland that is identified as ‘at risk’ of flash flooding and is currently undergoing significant flood relief works. In this regard, the case study offers an interesting laboratory to explore how attitudes towards flood-risk preparedness at the individual level are being influenced within the context of a flood relief scheme that is only partially constructed. In order to redress the dearth of theoretically informed qualitative studies in this field, we draw on Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) to help guide our analysis and make sense of our results. Our findings demonstrate that flood-risk preparedness can be undermined by low levels of efficacy amongst individuals in terms of the preparedness measures available to them and their own personal capacity to implement them. We also elucidate that the ‘levee effect’ can occur before engineered flood defences are fully constructed as the flood relief works within our case study are beginning to affect people’s perception of flood risk in the case study area. We conclude by arguing that 1) individuals’ coping appraisals need to be enhanced through communication strategies and other interventions which highlight that future floods may not replicate past events; and 2) the concept of residual risk needs to be communicated at all stages of a flood relief scheme, not just upon completion.

Building Indigenous research capacity : a personal perspective

The International Network of Indigenous Health Knowledge and Development (INIHKD) Conference was held from Monday 24 May to Friday 28 May 2010 at Kiana Lodge, Port Madison Indian Reservation, Suquamish Nation, Washington State, United States of America. The overall theme for the 4th Biennial Conference was ‘Knowing Our Roots: Indigenous Medicines, Health Knowledges and Best Practices’.

Building capacity in palliative care for personal support workers in long-term care through experiential learning

Background

Providing palliative care in long-term care (LTC) homes is an area of growing importance. As a result, attention is being given to exploring effective palliative care learning strategies for personal support workers (PSWs) who provide the most hands-on care to LTC residents.

The purpose of this intervention was to explore hospice visits as an experiential learning strategy to increase the capacity of PSWs in palliative care, specifically related to their new learning, and how they anticipated this experience changed their practices in LTC.

This study utilised a qualitative descriptive design.

Eleven PSWs from four Ontario LTC homes were sent to their local hospice to shadow staff for one to two days. After the visit, PSWs completed a questionnaire with open-ended questions based on critical reflection. Data were analysed using thematic content analysis.

PSWs commented on the extent of resident-focused care at the hospice and how palliative care interventions were tailored to meet the needs of residents. PSWs were surprised with the lack of routine at the hospice but felt that hospice staff prioritised their time effectively in order to meet family and client care needs. Some PSWs were pleased to see how well integrated the PSW role is on the community hospice team without any hierarchical relationships. Finally, PSWs felt that other LTC staff would benefit from palliative care education and becoming more comfortable with talking about death and dying with other staff, residents and family members.

This study highlighted the benefits of PSWs attending a hospice as an experiential learning strategy. Future work is needed to evaluate this strategy using more rigorous designs as a way to build capacity within PSWs to provide optimal palliative care for LTC residents and their family members.

PSWs need to be recognised as important members within the interdisciplinary team. PSWs who shadow staff at hospices view this experience as a positive strategy to meet their learning needs related to palliative care.