A periodization of Latin American development in the Robinsonian tradition

This paper analyzes Joan Robinson's growth model and then adapts it in order to provide an explanatory taxonomy of Growth Eras. The Growth Eras or Ages were for Robinson a way to provide logical connections between output growth, capital accumulation, the degree of thriftiness, the real wage and illustrate a catalogue of growth possibilities. This modified taxonomy follows the spirit of Robinson's work, but it takes different theoretical approaches. which imply that some of the classifications do not fit perfectly the ones here suggested. Latin America has moved from a Golden Age in the 1950s and 1960s to a Leaden Age in the 1980s, having two traverse periods, one of which the process of growth and industrialization accelerated in the late 1960s and early 1970s, which is referred to as a Galloping Platinum Age, an one in which a process of deindustrialization and reprimarization and maquilization of the productive structure took place, starting in the 1990s, which could be referred as the Creeping Platinum Age.

Block training periodization in alpine skiing: effects of 11-day HIT on VO2max and performance

Attempting to achieve the high diversity of training goals in modern competitive alpine skiing simultaneously can be difficult and may lead to compromised overall adaptation. Therefore, we investigated the effect of block training periodization on maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and parameters of exercise performance in elite junior alpine skiers. Six female and 15 male athletes were assigned to high-intensity interval (IT, N = 13) or control training groups (CT, N = 8). IT performed 15 high-intensity aerobic interval (HIT) sessions in 11 days. Sessions were 4 x 4 min at 90-95% of maximal heart rate separated by 3-min recovery periods. CT continued their conventionally mixed training, containing endurance and strength sessions. Before and 7 days after training, subjects performed a ramp incremental test followed by a high-intensity time-to-exhaustion (tlim) test both on a cycle ergometer, a 90-s high-box jump test as well as countermovement (CMJ) and squat jumps (SJ) on a force plate. IT significantly improved relative VO2max by 6.0% (P < 0.01; male +7.5%, female +2.1%), relative peak power output by 5.5% (P < 0.01) and power output at ventilatory threshold 2 by 9.6% (P < 0.01). No changes occurred for these measures in CT. tlim remained unchanged in both groups. High-box jump performance was significantly improved in males of IT only (4.9%, P < 0.05). Jump peak power (CMJ -4.8%, SJ -4.1%; P < 0.01), but not height decreased in IT only. For competitive alpine skiers, block periodization of HIT offers a promising way to efficiently improve VO2max and performance. Compromised explosive jump performance might be associated with persisting muscle fatigue.

Late Bronze Age in Eastern Iberian Peninsula: Archaeological Bases and Periodization

Research surrounding the transition from II to I millennium cal BC in Eastern Iberian Peninsula has a large and extensive tradition of investigation. However, the chances to do research on this historical process have been limited by the lack of a well contextualized and dated stratigraphic sequence. For this reason, recent studies in this topic have followed the periodic proposals which were developed in closer regions and areas, especially in the South East and North East of the Peninsula. The investigation perspective about the Late Bronze in Eastern Iberian has however now improved, with the development of several archaeological investigations, the increase in the number of sites being dated and more recent studies into the region helping to bring about this change. As such, it is now in the correct state to be able to propose a new periodization and delve into the changes which occurred in the transition between 1500 and 725 cal BC.

Cardiac parasympathetic reactivation following exercise : implications for training prescription

The objective of exercise training is to initiate desirable physiological adaptations that ultimately enhance physical work capacity. Optimal training prescription requires an individualized approach, with an appropriate balance of training stimulus and recovery and optimal periodization. Recovery from exercise involves integrated physiological responses. The cardiovascular system plays a fundamental role in facilitating many of these responses, including thermoregulation and delivery/removal of nutrients and waste products. As a marker of cardiovascular recovery, cardiac parasympathetic reactivation following a training session is highly individualized. It appears to parallel the acute/intermediate recovery of the thermoregulatory and vascular systems, as described by the supercompensation theory. The physiological mechanisms underlying cardiac parasympathetic reactivation are not completely understood. However, changes in cardiac autonomic activity may provide a proxy measure of the changes in autonomic input into organs and (by default) the blood flow requirements to restore homeostasis. Metaboreflex stimulation (e.g. muscle and blood acidosis) is likely a key determinant of parasympathetic reactivation in the short term (0–90 min post-exercise), whereas baroreflex stimulation (e.g. exercise-induced changes in plasma volume) probably mediates parasympathetic reactivation in the intermediate term (1–48 h post-exercise). Cardiac parasympathetic reactivation does not appear to coincide with the recovery of all physiological systems (e.g. energy stores or the neuromuscular system). However, this may reflect the limited data currently available on parasympathetic reactivation following strength/resistance-based exercise of variable intensity. In this review, we quantitatively analyse post-exercise cardiac parasympathetic reactivation in athletes and healthy individuals following aerobic exercise, with respect to exercise intensity and duration, and fitness/training status. Our results demonstrate that the time required for complete cardiac autonomic recovery after a single aerobic-based training session is up to 24 h following low-intensity exercise, 24–48 h following threshold-intensity exercise and at least 48 h following high-intensity exercise. Based on limited data, exercise duration is unlikely to be the greatest determinant of cardiac parasympathetic reactivation. Cardiac autonomic recovery occurs more rapidly in individuals with greater aerobic fitness. Our data lend support to the concept that in conjunction with daily training logs, data on cardiac parasympathetic activity are useful for individualizing training programmes. In the final sections of this review, we provide recommendations for structuring training microcycles with reference to cardiac parasympathetic recovery kinetics. Ultimately, coaches should structure training programmes tailored to the unique recovery kinetics of each individual.

Euskalaritzaren historia eta historiografia: ikerketa-arloaren egoeraz

[EN] This paper attempts to summarize what is currently known about the History of Basque Linguistics. The first section tries to explain what is precisely meant by the term “euskalaritza" (Bascology) and proposes a provisional periodization of the History of Basque Linguistics. The second section outlines the factors which triggered the development of Basque Linguistic Historiography from the mid 80's --mainly the new interpretation of the 18th century Jesuit M. Larramendi's works-- and shows some of its consequences. The third section carries out the chief goal of the paper; the principal authors' works, and ideas emerging from the History of Basque Linguistics are there briefly noticed, and historiographical works concerning each one of them are mentioned along; special emphasis is laid on the most recent findings. Finally, a bibliographical appendix is provided containing the works by the old authors referred to throughout the paper.

Hélio Oiticica: só me interesso pelo que não é meu

A obra de Hélio Oiticica põe em questão o estatuto, as instituições, as fronteiras e a relação da arte com à politica, do neocroncretismo ayté a arte ambiental, passando pelas conexões com a antiarte e a arte conceitual. O campo de análise se concentra no período em que Hélio Oiticica se envolve com a comunidade da Mangueira, no Rio de Janeiro, anos 1960 e 1970. Esta dissertação se propõe a analisar as intervenções e as propostas de Hélio Oiticica do ponto de vista dos processos sociais que lhe animam e são reconfigurados no ânimo da produção de subjetividade. Assume como enfoque uma transição das práticas e processos artísticos entre o marco da modernidade e da pós-modernidade, que tem consequências diferentes matrizes de produção social, economia do desejo e formas de organização política. Em especial, sob o ponto de vista da resistência, é aprofundada a diferença conceitual entre uma arte voltada à afirmação de identidades e à emancipação, em relação ao marco pós-moderno dos processos de singularização e diferenciação constituinte

Educação permanente em saúde: entre o passado e o futuro.

Este trabalho parte do reconhecimento de que a educação permanente em saúde tem sido investida como noção a embasar diferentes referenciais teórico-conceituais para a produção de políticas voltadas à educação de profissionais de saúde, particularmente no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Nesse sentido, o trabalho buscou apreender os diferentes usos dessa noção e seus sentidos para a produção de políticas. Assim, buscou delimitar o surgimento dessa noção no campo da educação e sua posterior apropriação no campo da saúde, inicialmente a partir da produção institucional da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde e em seguida ressignificada no Brasil no âmbito da Política Nacional de Educação Permanente em Saúde (Pneps). A análise dos textos e documentos institucionais da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde (Opas) responsáveis por desenvolver esses referenciais redundou na construção de duas matrizes conceituais, tendo sido a primeira desenvolvida entre 1974 e 1984-5; e a segunda, entre 1984-5 e 2002. Atualmente essas matrizes conceituais costumam ser denominadas respectivamente por educação continuada em saúde e educação permanente em saúde, ainda que esta última noção seja utilizada por ambas, fato discutido pelo autor ao longo do trabalho. A terceira matriz conceitual foi construída a partir da análise dos textos e documentos publicados no bojo da criação da Pneps. A partir da construção dessas três matrizes conceituais foi realizado um breve histórico das ações voltadas à educação de profissionais de saúde promovidas pela Secretaria de Gestão do Trabalho e da Educação na Saúde (SGTES), especificamente o Departamento de Gestão da Educação na Saúde (Deges), órgão criado em 2003 para se dedicar ao tema da formação de profissionais para o SUS. Nesse particular, foi proposta uma periodização das ações do Deges, relacionando cada período às diferentes matrizes conceituais construídas. A noção de educação permanente em saúde é então interrogada a partir da discussão sobre educação de adultos proposta por Arendt e de sua contextualização no referencial do capitalismo pós-industrial e das sociedades de controle, conforme delimitado por Deleuze. O conjunto dessas reflexões embasa a discussão sobre novos usos possíveis para a educação permanente em saúde e novas configurações para a política de saúde que adota essa noção, discutindo possíveis inovações para esse campo a partir da articulação com a discussão sobre inteligência coletiva. Por fim, propõe-se repensar a política de educação permanente em saúde, endereçando-a no sentido de promover o protagonismo das práticas de saúde como espaços de aprendizagem, buscando novas possibilidades no diálogo com a experiência dos pontos de cultura do Ministério da Cultura.

Ben Marais (1909-1999): The influences on and heritage of a South African Prophet during two periods of transformation

University of Pretoria / Dissertation / Department of Church History and Church Policy / Advised by Prof J W Hofmeyr

Immune cell changes in response to a swimming training session during a 24-h recovery period

Understanding the impact of training sessions on the immune response is crucial for the adequate periodization of training, to prevent both a negative influence on health and a performance impairment of the athlete. This study evaluated acute systemic immune cell changes in response to an actual swimming session, during a 24-h recovery period, controlling for sex, menstrual cycle phases, maturity, and age group. Competitive swimmers (30 females, 15 ± 1.3 years old; and 35 males, 16.5 ± 2.1 years old) performed a high-intensity training session. Blood samples were collected before, immediately after, 2 h after, and 24 h after exercise. Standard procedures for the assessment of leukogram by automated counting (Coulter LH 750, Beckman) and lymphocytes subsets by flow cytometry (FACS Calibur BD, Biosciences) were used. Subjects were grouped according to competitive age groups and pubertal Tanner stages. Menstrual cycle phase was monitored. The training session induced neutrophilia, lymphopenia, and a low eosinophil count, lasting for at least 2 h, independent of sex and maturity. At 24 h postexercise, the acquired immunity of juniors (15-17 years old), expressed by total lymphocytes and total T lymphocytes (CD3+), was not fully recovered. This should be accounted for when planning a weekly training program. The observed lymphopenia suggests a lower immune surveillance at the end of the session that may depress the immunity of athletes, highlighting the need for extra care when athletes are exposed to aggressive environmental agents such as swimming pools

Efeitos do treinamento aeróbio intervalado periodizado sobre os parâmetros antropométricos, bioquímicos e clínicos em portadores de síndrome metabólica

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

L’émir Abdelkader et la franc-maçonnerie française : de l’engagement (1864) au renoncement (1877)

Figure majeure de l’histoire des relations coloniales franco-algériennes, l’émir Abdelkader est généralement présenté par ses compatriotes comme le modèle politique, militaire et religieux du résistant au colonialisme français du 19ième siècle. L’historiographie officielle algérienne en véhicule l’image du chef religieux qui a initié al-jihad de résistance conforme aux règles exotériques de la chari’ia. Il est décrit comme un guerrier loyal et magnanime, fin stratège, dont la défaite militaire a paradoxalement marqué la fondation de l’Algérie moderne en tant que Nation et État. La construction sociopolitique postcoloniale de ce mythe a permis de légitimer les différents régimes politiques, qui se sont succédé dans l’Algérie indépendante et qui ont toujours tenu, dans le cadre d’une lecture littérale de l’Islam. Ceci dans le but de taire la dimension spirituelle d’Abdelkader disciple, héritier et commentateur de l’œuvre du magister Magnus soufi, IbnʻArabî. Fascinés dès le début de l’occupation par cet adversaire hors du commun, les français, de plus en plus sécularisés, en ont érigé une image utilitaire, l’aliénant ainsi de ses compatriotes coreligionnaires et le découplant de sa foi islamique. Les mémoires concurrentes de l’ancienne puissance coloniale et de son ex-colonie, l’Algérie, ont généré plusieurs débats contemporains en ce qui a trait à l’écriture de l’histoire de la colonisation. Le personnage d’Abdelkader a été instrumentalisé par les uns et les autres. Deux évènements controversés de sa biographie sont devenus les objets d’une polémique souvent âpre et amère entre auteurs chercheurs algériens et français : l’adhésion de l’émir à la franc-maçonnerie française et sa séparation d’avec celle-ci. Nous allons présenter que la prémisse d’auteurs algériens, selon laquelle Abdelkader n’aurait pas pu adhérer au Grand Orient de France, pour cause d’incompatibilité doctrinale musulmane, est inconsistante. Nous essayerons de démontrer au contraire, que son initiation à la maçonnerie telle qu’elle s’était présentée à lui était en accord avec sa vision soufie et légaliste du dogme islamique. En nous basant sur le choix de la franc-maçonnerie française pour la laïcité au moment de la réception supposée de l’émir dans la fraternité, nous montrerons qu’il s’en éloigna pour des raisons de doctrine islamique. En effet, l’élimination de toute référence déiste des textes constitutifs du Grand Orient de France fut inacceptable pour le musulman qu’était Abdelkader, vaincu militairement mais raffermi spirituellement par sa proximité grandissante avec son maître spirituel IbnʻArabî. L’humanisme des francs-maçons français avait motivé une refondation basée sur les droits de l’homme issus de la révolution française. Tandis que celui de l’émir Abdelkader prenait sa source dans l’Unicité de l’Être, concept-cadre Akbarien de la compréhension de la relation de Dieu avec ses créatures. Nous allons montrer que les polémiques franco-algériennes sur les relations d’Abdelkader avec la franc-maçonnerie française, masquent un autre débat de fond qui dure depuis des siècles dans le monde musulman. Un débat opposant deux herméneutiques légalistes des textes islamiques, l’une exotérique s’incarnant dans l’œuvre du théologien musulman Ibn Taymiyya et l’autre ésotérique se trouvant au cœur des écrits du mystique IbnʻArabî.

Anthologie des sonnets au Québec

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Le film-essai : outil d'historicisation politique

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.