Operational capabilities’ typology: an evolution from operational practices

Operational capabilities são caracterizadas como um recurso interno da firma e fonte de vantagem competitiva. Porém, a literatura de estratégia de operações fornece uma definição constitutiva inadequada para as operational capabilities, desconsiderando a relativização dos diferentes contextos, a limitação da base empírica, e não explorando adequadamente a extensa literatura sobre práticas operacionais. Quando as práticas operacionais são operacionalizadas no ambiente interno da firma, elas podem ser incorporadas as rotinas organizacionais, e através do conhecimento tácito da produção se transformar em operational capabilities, criando assim barreiras à imitação. Apesar disso, poucos são os pesquisadores que exploram as práticas operacionais como antecedentes das operational capabilities. Baseado na revisão da literatura, nós investigamos a natureza das operational capabilities; a relação entre práticas operacionais e operational capabilities; os tipos de operational capabilities que são caracterizadas no ambiente interno da firma; e o impacto das operational capabilities no desempenho operacional. Nós conduzimos uma pesquisa de método misto. Na etapa qualitativa, nós conduzimos estudos de casos múltiplos com quatro firmas, duas multinacionais americanas que operam no Brasil, e duas firmas brasileiras. Nós coletamos os dados através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com questões semi-abertas. Elas foram baseadas na revisão da literatura sobre práticas operacionais e operational capabilities. As entrevistas foram conduzidas pessoalmente. No total 73 entrevistas foram realizadas (21 no primeiro caso, 18 no segundo caso, 18 no terceiro caso, e 16 no quarto caso). Todas as entrevistas foram gravadas e transcritas literalmente. Nós usamos o sotware NVivo. Na etapa quantitativa, nossa amostra foi composta por 206 firmas. O questionário foi criado a partir de uma extensa revisão da literatura e também a partir dos resultados da fase qualitativa. O método Q-sort foi realizado. Um pré-teste foi conduzido com gerentes de produção. Foram realizadas medidas para reduzir Variância de Método Comum. No total dez escalas foram utilizadas. 1) Melhoria Contínua; 2) Gerenciamento da Informação; 3) Aprendizagem; 4) Suporte ao Cliente; 5) Inovação; 6) Eficiência Operacional; 7) Flexibilidade; 8) Customização; 9) Gerenciamento dos Fornecedores; e 10) Desempenho Operacional. Nós usamos análise fatorial confirmatória para confirmar a validade de confiabilidade, conteúdo, convergente, e discriminante. Os dados foram analisados com o uso de regressões múltiplas. Nossos principais resultados foram: Primeiro, a relação das práticas operacionais como antecedentes das operational capabilities. Segundo, a criação de uma tipologia dividida em dois construtos. O primeiro construto foi chamado de Standalone Capabilities. O grupo consiste de zero order capabilities tais como Suporte ao Cliente, Inovação, Eficiência Operacional, Flexibilidade, e Gerenciamento dos Fornecedores. Estas operational capabilities têm por objetivo melhorar os processos da firma. Elas têm uma relação direta com desempenho operacional. O segundo construto foi chamado de Across-the-Board Capabilities. Ele é composto por first order capabilities tais como Aprendizagem Contínua e Gerenciamento da Informação. Estas operational capabilities são consideradas dinâmicas e possuem o papel de reconfigurar as Standalone Capabilities.

Theory of reasoned action for continuous improvement capabilities: a behavioral approach

The importance of interaction between Operations Management (OM) and Human Behavior has been recently re-addressed. This paper introduced the Reasoned Action Theory suggested by Froehle and Roth (2004) to analyze Operational Capabilities exploring the suitability of this model in the context of OM. It also seeks to discuss the behavioral aspects of operational capabilities from the perspective of organizational routines. This theory was operationalized using Fishbein and Ajzen (F/A) behavioral model and a multi-case strategy was employed to analyze the Continuous Improvement (CI) capability. The results posit that the model explains partially the CI behavior in an operational context and some contingency variables might influence the general relations among the variables involved in the F/A model. Thus intention might not be the determinant variable of behavior in this context.

Development of an Unmanned Capsule for large-scale maritime search and rescue

This paper describes the development and testing of a robotic capsule for search and rescue operations at sea. This capsule is able to operate autonomously or remotely controlled, is transported and deployed by a larger USV into a determined disaster area and is used to carry a life raft and inflate it close to survivors in large-scale maritime disasters. The ultimate goal of this development is to endow search and rescue teams with tools that extend their operational capability in scenarios with adverse atmospheric or maritime conditions.

Entorno sin cinta para producción de televisión en alta definición

En este proyecto se propone un entorno de producción para televisión en alta definición donde las cintas magnéticas para la captura, modificación, gestión y transferencia de los contenidos audiovisuales, quedan sustituidas por servidores informáticos y sistemas de almacenamiento basados en las tecnologías de la información. Dicho entorno sin cintas tiene como misión la realización de la fase de la producción de los contenidos televisivos. Se trata de un centra independiente, en una ubicación remota respecto a las instalaciones centrales de la empresa emisora de televisión. La conexión del entorno sin cinta con los servicios centrales de la cadena se realiza por medio de redes de datos de alta velocidad y por enlace de radiofrecuencia. Por estos medios los sistemas de redacción comunican datos y escaletas, se reciben las señales de contribución que intervienen en los programas, se envía la serial realizada para emisión y se transfieren los materiales grabados al área de Postproducción para su elaboración final. Se plantean dos estudios de televisión dotados de servidores de video y de un almacenamiento compartido para una gestión ágil, unificada y flexible de las demandas de los programas. Además de la eliminación del lento y pesado trabajo de manipulación de las cintas, la producción resulta mucho mas ágil porque se eliminan tiempos de espera por la posibilidad de acceso simultaneo de varios usuarios a un mismo contenido. También se suprimen los tiempos de digitalización y descarga del material grabado, porque los sistemas implementados permiten la ingesta directa de las señales recibidas. Los contenidos de varias jornadas de grabación, en calidad HD, se conservan en el sistema de almacenamiento para la elaboración de materiales en el propio centra y para su transferencia al departamento central correspondiente. Mediante aplicaciones software se busca la integración del trabajo de la redacción de los programas con los procesos de producción de los estudios. El diseño que se propone para los diferentes subsistemas técnicos de los estudios esta orientado a lograr una alta fiabilidad, operatividad y adaptabilidad a las demandas técnicas de la producción audiovisual de los diferentes tipos de programas. Al tratarse de una propuesta conceptual, de manera general no se basa en equipos de marcas o fabricantes concretos sino mas bien en las metodologías concretas de trabajo. Cuando se ejemplifica algún dispositivo en particular es debido a que el concepto tecnológico del mismo es novedoso destaca de manera especial sobre la generalidad de los equipos existentes para esa funcionalidad. ABSTRACT. This project hopes to propose a television production platform that uses computers, servers and storage systems based on information technologies, rather than video tape recorders for ingesting, editing and making TV programs. This tapeless system has as its mission the production of all kind of television contents, employing IT systems, without the use of magnetic tapes. We envision an independent TV production center located in a remote location, in relation to the main broadcaster facilities, where all communications between this broadcasting center and the remote independent tapeless center would occur via high speed internet and a radiofrequency link as a back up. In this way, the Newsroom systems communicate data and rundowns; contribution feeds are received; PGM signal are codified and transmitted; and stored media are transferred to the post production area for final editing, playout and archive. Two TV studios are proposed, equipped with video servers and sharing media storage for agile, unified and flexible management of the production requirements. Apart from completely eliminating the slow and hard work resulting from handling a lot of traditional magnetic tapes, the production ends up being much quicker due to the fact that there is no waiting time between recording and viewing. This also enables several users to access and view the same material at the same time. The digitalization and downloading time is also greatly reduced due to the direct ingestion of contribution feeds to the system. The HD content of various days of recording, are stored for future use for whichever department needs the footage in the future. Through software applications, there will be complete integration between the Newsroom work and the production process of the studios. The proposed design for the various technical subsystems in the recording studio is directed towards achieving optimum reliability and operational capability: they are easily adaptable to the technical demands of the audiovisual production of the different programs. Because we are dealing with a conceptual proposal, in general terms, we are not defining the brands or manufacturers of the technical equipment, but rather we are specifying the methods which we plan to implement. When some equipment is highlighted, it's only because that specific brand exemplifies a higher performance than any other equipment in the range.

Relanzando la Respuesta Rápida Militar: Los Battlegroups

La utilidad de los Battlegroups, casi una década después de declarar capacidad operativa plena, ha estado y continuará estando en duda debido a la inacción europea. Para que la UE se convierta en el actor internacional que durante tantos años ha proclamado, necesitará consolidar su capacidad de respuesta rápida militar para hacer frente a crisis multidimensionales y llevar a cabo todo el espectro de Misiones Petersberg. El artículo hace un repaso a la concepción y el desarrollo de los Battlegroups y propone un conjunto de reformas para que puedan llegar a ser un instrumento efectivo de respuesta rápida militar.

Cooperação Internacional

A Força de Gendarmerie Europeia ergueu-se na esfera dos países da União Europeia com forças de polícia de estatuto militar, tipo gendarmerie, com o propósito de proporcionar uma ferramenta de cooperação internacional que permitira aumentar a capacidade de gestão de crises e contribuir para o desenvolvimento da identidade europeia de segurança e defesa, bem como para o reforço da Política Comum de Segurança e Defesa. Depois de dez anos passados após a plena capacidade operacional, interessa avaliar se a Organização constitui verdadeiramente um instrumento eficaz, eficiente e proveitoso para os seus Estados-Membros e para as principais organizações internacionais, bem como ponderar o seu impacto na ação externa da União Europeia. Com este objetivo, desenvolveu-se uma investigação qualitativa recorrendo ao raciocínio hipotético-dedutivo. Esquadrinharam-se questões de natureza descritiva e interpretativa, conferindo uma importância especial aos contributos facilitados pelos entrevistados, dotados de destacada relevância profissional na esfera da cooperação policial internacional. Constata-se no estudo que a Força de Gendarmerie Europeia constitui um instrumento útil para a cooperação internacional, oferecendo capacidades operacionais bem-sucedidas assentes no treino permanente, na interoperabilidade com os atores participantes e na capacidade de resposta rápida a situações de crise. Abstract: The European Gendarmerie Force stood up in the background of European Union countries with military status police forces, gendarmerie type, in order to provide a tool for international cooperation increasing crisis management capacities and contributing to the development of the European security and defence identity, in addition to strengthening the Common European Security and Defence Policy. Ten years after achieving full operational capability, it is intended to assess if the Organization actually performs an effective, efficient and profitable instrument for its Member States and the main international organizations, as well as considering its impact on external action of the European Union. With that aim, a qualitative research was developed using the hypothetical-deductive reasoning. Descriptive and interpretative issues were scoured, giving special importance to contributions provided by respondents with outstanding professional background in international police cooperation sphere. The study reveals that the European Gendarmerie Force is a useful tool for international cooperation, providing successful operational capabilities settled in permanent training, interoperability with the participating actors and in a rapid response capability to crisis situations.

NOAA's sea surface temperature products from operational geostationary satellites

NOAA's National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) has generated sea surface temperature (SST) products from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-East (E) and GOES-West (W) on an operational basis since December 2000. Since that time, a process of continual development has produced steady improvements in product accuracy. Recent improvements extended the capability to permit generation of operational SST retrievals from the Japanese Multifunction Transport Satellite (MTSAT)-1R and the European Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellite, thereby extending spatial coverage. The four geostationary satellites (at longitudes of 75°W, 135°W, 140°E, and 0°) provide high temporal SST retrievals for most of the tropics and midlatitudes, with the exception of a region between 60° and 80°E. Because of ongoing development, the quality of these retrievals now approaches that of SST products from the polar-orbiting Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). These products from GOES provide hourly regional imagery, 3-hourly hemispheric imagery, 24-h merged composites, a GOES SST level 2 preprocessed product every 1/2 h for each hemisphere, and a match-up data file for each product. The MTSAT and the MSG products include hourly, 3-hourly, and 24-h merged composites. These products provide the user community with a reliable source of SST observations, with improved accuracy and increased coverage in important oceanographic, meteorological, and climatic regions.

Probabilistic physically-based cloud screening of satellite infra-red imagery for operational sea surface temperature retrieval

We propose and demonstrate a fully probabilistic (Bayesian) approach to the detection of cloudy pixels in thermal infrared (TIR) imagery observed from satellite over oceans. Using this approach, we show how to exploit the prior information and the fast forward modelling capability that are typically available in the operational context to obtain improved cloud detection. The probability of clear sky for each pixel is estimated by applying Bayes' theorem, and we describe how to apply Bayes' theorem to this problem in general terms. Joint probability density functions (PDFs) of the observations in the TIR channels are needed; the PDFs for clear conditions are calculable from forward modelling and those for cloudy conditions have been obtained empirically. Using analysis fields from numerical weather prediction as prior information, we apply the approach to imagery representative of imagers on polar-orbiting platforms. In comparison with the established cloud-screening scheme, the new technique decreases both the rate of failure to detect cloud contamination and the false-alarm rate by one quarter. The rate of occurrence of cloud-screening-related errors of >1 K in area-averaged SSTs is reduced by 83%. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society.

A method for improving the code rate and error correction capability of a cyclic code

Currently, there has been an increasing demand for operational and trustworthy digital data transmission and storage systems. This demand has been augmented by the appearance of large-scale, high-speed data networks for the exchange, processing and storage of digital information in the different spheres. In this paper, we explore a way to achieve this goal. For given positive integers n,r, we establish that corresponding to a binary cyclic code C0[n,n-r], there is a binary cyclic code C[(n+1)3k-1,(n+1)3k-1-3kr], where k is a nonnegative integer, which plays a role in enhancing code rate and error correction capability. In the given scheme, the new code C is in fact responsible to carry data transmitted by C0. Consequently, a codeword of the code C0 can be encoded by the generator matrix of C and therefore this arrangement for transferring data offers a safe and swift mode. © 2013 SBMAC - Sociedade Brasileira de Matemática Aplicada e Computacional.

Evaluation of the capability of decentralized management of epidemiological surveillance in the state of Bahia

Evaluative research into the capability of decentralized management of epidemiological vigilance (EV) was conducted in the operational, organizational and sustainable dimensions in the state of Bahia, Brazil. The quantitative approach was used in the construction of a baseline, with primary data obtained through an online questionnaire answered by thirty-eight municipal EV managers. In the qualitative approach to analyze the context and assess the management capability of municipalities in two case studies, techniques adapted to the analysis of discursive practices were used. This was done through semi-structured interviews with managers of regional and municipal government, health workers and representatives of the municipal health council. The case studies showed that the municipality with enhanced management capability is that in which the manager has the greatest potential of using the resources of his position, in addition to his ability to control, negotiate and coordinate with other actors. Due to decentralization of EV, considering the shared nature of management between the three spheres of government, there is a marked variation in the management capability of municipalities, determined by social, economic, political inequalities and management mechanisms adopted.

Direct Computation of Operational Matrices for Polynomial Bases

Several numerical methods for boundary value problems use integral and differential operational matrices, expressed in polynomial bases in a Hilbert space of functions. This work presents a sequence of matrix operations allowing a direct computation of operational matrices for polynomial bases, orthogonal or not, starting with any previously known reference matrix. Furthermore, it shows how to obtain the reference matrix for a chosen polynomial base. The results presented here can be applied not only for integration and differentiation, but also for any linear operation.

Análise técnica e econômica de prestadores de serviços na colheita florestal

The objective of this Study was to describe the financial conditions of forestry contractors, concerning life quality aspects, condition of work and equipments, operational costs, and economic credit to invest in new technologies. Five companies had been analyzed, with an annual income between US$ 400,000.00 and US$ 1,720,000.00, with an average of US$ 950,000.00. The number of employees varied between 33 and 181, and the companies were classified in terms of size as: one small, two average, and two big. The main difficulties to invest in new machines were high financial taxes, more than 12% an year, and a lack of long term contracts to guarantee the payment capability. It was observed that the contractors did not consider the capital remuneration and a correct depreciation of machines, resulting in an average machine life higher than 10 years. The final conclusions were that the costs were above the paid values for the services, when computed the depreciation and capital remuneration, with negative results In the financial analyzes of three companies. Finally, the mechanization process increased the workers life quality, however, the annual income was around US$ 2,112.00 per worker, approximately 39% lower than the average Brazilian population.

Multi-objective analysis of impacts of distributed generation placement on the operational characteristics of networks for distribution system planning

Recent advances in energy technology generation and new directions in electricity regulation have made distributed generation (DG) more widespread, with consequent significant impacts on the operational characteristics of distribution networks. For this reason, new methods for identifying such impacts are needed, together with research and development of new tools and resources to maintain and facilitate continued expansion towards DG. This paper presents a study aimed at determining appropriate DG sites for distribution systems. The main considerations which determine DG sites are also presented, together with an account of the advantages gained from correct DG placement. The paper intends to define some quantitative and qualitative parameters evaluated by Digsilent (R), GARP3 (R) and DSA-GD software. A multi-objective approach based on the Bellman-Zadeh algorithm and fuzzy logic is used to determine appropriate DG sites. The study also aims to find acceptable DG locations both for distribution system feeders, as well as for nodes inside a given feeder. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.