Natura-eremu babestuen balorazio ekonomikoa Euskal Herrian: berrikusketa bibliografiko bat

[EUS[ Ingurumen-ondasun eta zerbitzuen gaineko balorazio ekonomikoa ebaluazio-tresna erabilgarri gisa azal daiteke, bereziki natura-eremu babestuen (NEB) politikak gero eta garrantzi handiagoa eskuratzen duen testuinguruetan. Nahiz eta NEBen gaineko balorazio ekonomikoak tradizio luzea duen, Euskal Herriko NEBen gain egindakoak oraintsukoak dira. Artikulu honek balorazio ekonomiko horiek jasotzen dituzten ikerlanen berrikusketa bibliografikoa egiten du. Egindako azterketak disparekotasun nabarmena azaltzen du emaitzei dagokienez, zeinak neurri handian balorazio-ariketetan definitutako ingurumen-ondasun eta erabilitako metodologien menpe dauden. Horrekin batera, NEBen izendatze eta garapenean arrazoi ekonomikoez gain beste era batzuetako arrazoiak kontuan hartzeko beharra ere azpimarratzen da.

Evaluación de la política de Espacios Naturales Protegidos: una propuesta metodológica para la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco

395 p.

Landa-garapen politika eta ingurumenarekiko harremana Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoan (1992-2008)

[EUS] Landa-garapeneko politikek, eremu horietako ohiko jardueren sustapena eta berregituratze sozioekonomikoa bultzatzeaz gain, lurralde-antolaketa zein ingurumen-esparru gero eta garrantzitsuagoak barneratu dituzte beren proposamenetan. Artikulu honek horixe aztertzen du, zein izan den landa-garapen politikaren ingurumentze prozesua Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoan, alegia. Basogintza eta nekazaritza-ingurumen neurriez gain, prozesu honetan arreta berezia merezi du Natura Eremu Babestuen politikak, zeina neurri handian landa-garapenekoarekin uztartu egiten den funtzionalki zein kronologikoki.

Irakurketa ohiturak literatur siteman: generoa diagnostikatzeko eremu interesgarria

[EUS] Artikulu honetan irakurketa ohituren feminizazioaz dihardugunean, edota generoa arakatzeaz, ez gatzaizkio lotzen irakurleria femeninoa ikertzeari soilik, baizik eta literatur sistema (Even-Zohar, 1990) osoa behatzeari. Lehenik, kontuan izan ditugu emakume idazle, ilustratzaile, literatur pertsonaia femenino nahiz emakumeari atxikitzen zaizkion gaiek zenbaterainoko oihartzuna izan duten ikerturiko populazioak eginiko testu irakurketan. Hartara, populazioak eginiko irakurketen bidez emakumetasunak (autorian nahiz iruditegian) zenbaterainoko presentzia izan duen aztertu nahi izan da. Bigarrenik, emakumearen presentzia literatur sistemaren testuinguruan antzeman nahi izan da, eskolaren eta etxearen esparruan, betiere ikerturiko populazioaren irakurketa ohiturei lotuta.

Gobernanza, procesos participativos y conflictos en los Espacios Naturales Protegidos de la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco

[ES] El objetivo del artículo es explorar la potencialidad de la Evaluación Multi-criterio Social como enfoque metodológico para evaluar Espacios Naturales Protegidos (ENP) e iniciar un proceso de discusión sobre la conveniencia de incorporar esta metodología para la gobernanza de la Red Natura 2000 de la Comunidad Autónoma de Euskadi. Del caso de estudio analizado se desprende que la inclusión de la población local en un proceso participativo dirigido a la planificación y manejo de los ENP contribuiría a reducir el número y calado de conflictos potenciales. Asimismo, facilitaría la gobernanza efectiva de los ENP, lo que parece un reto ineludible para que las áreas protegidas logren sus objetivos y funciones.

Valuing a Natura 2000 network site to inform land use options using a discrete choice experiment: An illustration from the Basque Country

One of the main problems that public institutions face in the management of protected areas, such as the European Natura 2000 network, is determining how to design and implement sustainable management plans that account for the wide range of marketed and non-marketed benefits they provide to society. This paper presents an application of a stated preference valuation approach aimed at evaluating the social preferences of the population of the Basque Country, Spain, for the key attributes of a regional Natura 2000 network site. According to our results, individuals’ willingness-to-pay (WTP) is higher for attributes associated with non-use values (native tree species and biodiversity conservation) than for attributes associated with use values (agricultural development and commercial forestry). The paper concludes that management policies related to Natura 2000 network sites should account for both for the importance of non-use values and the heterogeneity of the population's preferences in order to minimize potential land use conflicts.

Towards a participatory integrated assessment approach for planning and managing Natura 2000 network sites

Managing protected areas implies dealing with complex social-ecological systems where multiple dimensions (social, institutional, economic and ecological) interact over time for the delivery of ecosystem services. Uni-dimensional and top-down management approaches have been unable to capture this complexity. Instead, new integrated approaches that acknowledge the diversity of social actors in the decision making process are required. In this paper we put forward a novel participatory assessment approach which integrates multiple methodologies to reflect different value articulating institutions in the case of a Natura 2000 network site in the Basque Country. It integrates within a social multi-criteria evaluation framework, both the economic values of ecosystem services through a choice experiment model and ecological values by means of a spatial bio-geographic assessment. By capturing confronting social and institutional conflicts in protected areas the participatory integrated assessment approach presented here can help decision makers for better planning and managing Natura 2000 sites.

Evaluating governance and participatory processes in Natura 2000: lessons learned and guidance for future prospects

In recent years, participatory approaches have been incorporated in decision-making processes as a way to strengthen the bonds between diverse areas of knowledge and social actors in natural resources management and environmental governance. Despite the favourable context, this paradigm shift is still in an early stage within the development of the Natura 2000 in the European Union, the largest network of protected areas in the world. To enhance the full scope of participatory approaches in this context, this article: (i) briefly reviews the role of participatory approaches in environmental governance, (ii) develops a common framework to evaluate such participatory processes in protected area management, (iii) applies this framework to a real case study, and (iv) based on the lessons learned, provides guidance to improve the future governance of Natura 2000 sites.

Evaluating Governance and Participatory Processes in Natura 2000: Lessons Learned and Guidance for Future Prospects

23 p.

Towards a Participatory Integrated Assessment Approach for Planning and Managing Natura 2000 Network Sites

36 p.

The Economic Impacts of Biodiversity Policy for Improving the Climate Regulating Services Provided by EU Natura 2000 Habitats

22 p.

Contributions to the knowledge of larval development in Cyclops leuckarti Claus [Translation from: Natura, Milano 19, 89-96, 1928]

Taxonomic observations on the larval forms of Cyclops leuckarti are being discussed and compared with Cyclops oithonoides var. hyalina. Observations include Nauplius and Metanauplius stages. The author concludes that specific differences are recognisable even in the nauplius stages.

Ikusezintasunerantz: eremu elektromagnetikoen kontrola metamaterialen bidez

Historian zehar, greziar mitologiatik gaur egun arte , gizakiak ikusezin izatearekin amestu du. Hala ere, duela urte gutxi arte ez da benet an zientifikoki azaldu nola gauzatu amets hori . Tachi - ren lanetik [1 ] hasita , non transparentzia birtual bat lortzen den, metamaterialen mundura pasatzen da argi - izpiak nahi eran d esbideratuz eta modu honetan ikusezintasun a lortuz. Metamaterialak artifizialki sortutako mate rialak dira, laborategietan dis einatuak eta guk behar ditugun propietateez esleitu ak . Hau en bidez , ingurune baten permitibitate elektrikoa eta iragazkortasun magnetikoa , eta ondorioz handik pasatzen diren uhin elektromagnetikoak kontrolatzea lortzen da. Horrela, argiaren desbiderapen kontrolatua lortu nahi da , eta fenomeno hori deskribatzen duen formalismoari transformazioaren optik a deritzo . Honi esker, esater ako, ikusezintasun - estalki esferiko batek, modu teoriko batean nola funtzionatu ko lukeen kalkulatu eta simula daiteke. Hala ere, ikusezintasunaren zientzia k hasi besterik ez du egin eta oraindik lan handia dago egiteko arlo honen inguruan, oraindik ez b aita begi bistaz antzematen d en objektu rik iku sezin bihurtu

Spin-orbita elkarrekintza eta trukatze-korrelazio eremu eskalar eta bektorialaren ab-initio kalkuluak LAPW metodoaren bidez: Bismutoaren adibidea

Gradu amaierako lan honetan, LAPW metodoa aztertu da solidoen propietate elektronikoak era teorikoan ikertzeko eta efektu erlatibistek hauengan duten eragina zenbatesteko tresna teoriko bezala. Konkretuki spin-orbita elkarrekintzan zentratu gara, eta hau konputazionalki inplementatzeko bigarren bariazionalaren metodoa aztertu da. Bestalde, Spin-DFT teoriaren barruan spin-orbita kodifikatzen duen trukatze-korrelazio eremu bektorialaren azterketa labur bat egin da, ekarpen erlatibista beste ikuspuntu batetik aztertu eta informazio osagarria lortzeko asmoz.

SYSTEMATICS OF GROUNDWATER OLIGOCHAETES (ANNELIDA, CLITELLATA) IN KARSTIC AREAS OF THE CANTABRIAN REGION/ ERREGIO KANTAURIARREKO EREMU KARSTIKOETAN DAUDEN LURPEKO OLIGOKETO (ANNELIDA, CLITELLATA) URT

This thesis deals with the oligochaete taxa (Annelida, Clitellata) from several karst units in the Cantabrian region, northern Iberian Peninsula. Groundwater oligochaetes are still poorly known fauna and the area seems to be a promising hotspot for groundwater taxa. Metodology is based on both morphological and molecular analyses. More than 7,000 specimens were collected from five karst units and >60 taxa were identified. Stygobiont oligochaete fauna in the northern Iberian Peninsula is diverse and mostly endemic (range areas <300 km). Three new stygogiont oligochaete species are described: Gianius navarroi Rodriguez & Achurra, 2010, Isochaetides gianii Rodriguez & Achurra, 2010 and Troglodrilus jugeti Achurra et al., 2012; and another four new taxa will be described in the near future. Taxonomic remarks on Lophochaeta ignota Stolc, 1886 and Troglodrilus galarzai (Giani & Rodriguez, 1988) are provided. The controversial separation of L. ignota and Heterochaeta costata Claparède, 1863 from Tubifex Lamarck, 1816 is corroborated by mitochondrial molecular data. Following the DNA barcoding method, individuals of the stygoxene species Stylodrilus heringianus Claparède, 1862 from different geographic areas are shown to represent a single metapopulation. The first phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily Tubificinae based on molecular data is attemped, which although incompletely resolved, evidences for the first time a close relationship between a stygobiont oligochaete (Troglodrilus Juget et al. 2006) and an estuarine especies (Heterochaeta costata Claparéde, 1863). A marine ancestor is hypothesised for Troglodrilus. Finally, Ereñozar karst unit (Biscay) is suggested to be a hotspot for groundwater oligochaetes (11 stygobiont taxa, of which 4 are endemic to the karst unit) and several biodiversity indices (Species richness, Rarity, Vulnerability and Complementarity) are shown to be useful tools for conservation management of groundwater habitats in that karst area.