Bovine gene polymorphisms related to fat deposition and meat tenderness

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effect of Vitamin D and E supplementation on attributes of meat tenderness of feedlot bullocks.

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Bioanalytical methods for the metalloproteomics study of bovine longissimus thoracis muscle tissue with different grades of meat tenderness in the Nellore breed (Bos indicus)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Allele- and parent-of-origin-specific effects on expression of the KCNJ11 gene: a candidate for meat tenderness in cattle.

2016

Genome-wide detection of CNVs and their association with meat tenderness in Nelore cattle.

Brazil is one of the largest beef producers and exporters in the world with the Nelore breed representing the vast majority of Brazilian cattle (Bos taurus indicus). Despite the great adaptability of the Nelore breed to tropical climate, meat tenderness (MT) remains to be improved. Several factors including genetic composition can influence MT. In this article, we report a genome-wide analysis of copy number variation (CNV) inferred from Illumina1 High Density SNP-chip data for a Nelore population of 723 males. We detected >2,600 CNV regions (CNVRs) representing 6.5% of the genome. Comparing our results with previous studies revealed an overlap in 1400 CNVRs (>50%). A total of 1,155 CNVRs (43.6%) overlapped 2,750 genes. They were enriched for processes involving guanosine triphosphate (GTP), previously reported to influence skeletal muscle physiology and morphology. Nelore CNVRs also overlapped QTLs for MT reported in other breeds (8.9%, 236 CNVRs) and from a previous study with this population (4.1%, 109 CNVRs). Two CNVRs were also proximal to glutathione metabolism genes that were previously associated with MT. Genome-wide association study of CN state with estimated breeding values derived from meat shear force identified 6 regions, including a region on BTA3 that contains genes of the cAMP and cGMP pathway. Ten CNVRs that overlapped regions associated with MT were successfully validated by qPCR. Our results represent the first comprehensive CNV study in Bos taurus indicus cattle and identify regions in which copy number changes are potentially of importance for the MT phenotype.

The efficacy of a vitamin D3 metabolite for improving the myofibrillar tenderness of meat from Bos indicus cattle

The influence of a once only administration of a metabolite of vitamin D3 (HY [middle dot] D(R)-25-hydroxy vitamin D3) on myofibrillar meat tenderness in Australian Brahman cattle was studied. Ninety-six Brahman steers of three phenotypes (Indo-Brazil, US and US/European) and with two previous hormonal growth promotant (HGP) histories (implanted or not implanted with Compudose(R)) were fed a standard feedlot ration for 70 d. Treatment groups of 24 steers were offered daily 10 g/head HY [middle dot] D(R) (125 mg 25-hydroxyvitamin D3) for 6, 4, or 2 d before slaughter. One other group of 24 steers was given the basal diet without HY [middle dot] D(R). Feed lot performance, blood and muscle samples and carcass quality data were collected at slaughter. Calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, iron and Vitamin D3 metabolites were measured in plasma and longissimus dorsi muscle. Warner-Bratzler (WB) shear force (peak force, initial yield) and other objective meat quality measurements were made on the longissimus dorsi muscle of each steer after ageing for 1, 7 and 14 d post-mortem at 0-2 [deg]C.There were no significant effects of HY [middle dot] D(R) supplements on average daily gain (ADG, 1.28-1.45 kg/d) over the experimental period. HY [middle dot] D(R) supplements given 6 d prior to slaughter resulted in significantly higher (P (R)) by phenotype/HGP interaction for peak force (P = 0.028), in which Indo-Brazil steers without previous HGP treatment responded positively (increased tenderness) to HY [middle dot] D(R) supplements at 2 d when compared with Indo-Brazil steers previously given HGP. There were no significant effects of treatment on other phenotypes. HY [middle dot] D(R) supplements did not affect muscle or plasma concentrations of calcium, potassium or sodium, but did significantly decrease plasma magnesium and iron concentrations when given 2 d before slaughter. There were no detectable amounts of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in the blood or muscle of any cattle at slaughter.

The efficacy of a vitamin D-3 metabolite for improving the myofibrillar tenderness of meat from Bos indicus cattle

The influence of a once only administration of a metabolite of vitamin D-3 (HY center dot D-(R)-25-hydroxy vitamin D-3) on myofibrillar meat tenderness in Australian Brahman cattle was studied. Ninety-six Brahman steers of three phenotypes (indo-Brazil, US and US/European) and with two previous hormonal growth promotant (HGP) histories (implanted or not implanted with Compudose((R))) were fed a standard feedlot ration for 70 d. Treatment groups of 24 steers were offered daily 10 g/head HY center dot D-(R) (125 mg 25-hydroxyvitamin D-3) for 6, 4, or 2 d before slaughter. One other group of 24 steers was given the basal diet without HY center dot D-(R). Feed lot performance, blood and muscle samples and carcass quality data were collected at slaughter. Calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, iron and Vitamin D-3 metabolites were measured in plasma and longissimus dorsi muscle. Warner-Bratzler (WB) shear force (peak force, initial yield) and other objective meat quality measurements were made on the longissimus dorsi muscle of each steer after ageing for 1, 7 and 14 d post-mortem at 0-2 degrees C. There were no significant effects of HY center dot D-(R) supplements on average daily gain (ADG, 1.28-1.45 kg/d) over the experimental period. HY center dot D-(R) supplements given 6 d prior to slaughter resulted in significantly higher (P < 0.05) initial yield values compared to supplements given 2 d prior to slaughter. Supplementation had no significant effect on meat colour, ultimate pH, sarcomere length, cooking loss, instron compression or peak force. There was a significant treatment (HY center dot D-(R)) by phenotype/HGP interaction for peak force (P = 0.028), in which Indo-Brazil steers without previous HGP treatment responded positively (increased tenderness) to HY center dot D-(R) supplements at 2 d when compared with Indo-Brazil steers previously given HGP. There were no significant effects of treatment on other phenotypes. HY center dot D-(R) supplements did not affect muscle or plasma concentrations of calcium, potassium or sodium, but did significantly decrease plasma magnesium and iron concentrations when given 2 d before slaughter. There were no detectable amounts of 25-hydroxyvitamin D-3 in the blood or muscle of any cattle at slaughter. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Detecting quantitative trait loci affecting beef tenderness on bovine chromosome 7 near calpastatin and lysyl oxidase

From a study of 3 large half-sib families of cattle, we describe linkage between DNA polymorphisms on bovine chromosome 7 and meat tenderness. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for Longissimus lumborum peak force (LLPF) and Semitendonosis adhesion (STADH) were located to this map of DNA markers, which includes the calpastatin ( CAST) and lysyl oxidase (LOX) genes. The LLPF QTL has a maximum lodscore of 4.9 and allele substitution of approximately 0.80 of a phenotypic standard deviation, and the peak is located over the CAST gene. The STADH QTL has a maximum lodscore of 3.5 and an allele substitution of approximately 0.37 of a phenotypic standard deviation, and the peak is located over the LOX gene. This suggests 2 separate likelihood peaks on the chromosome. Further analyses of meat tenderness measures in the Longissimus lumborum, LLPF and LL compression (LLC), in which outlier individuals or kill groups are removed, demonstrate large shifts in the location of LLPF QTL, as well as confirming that there are indeed 2 QTL on bovine chromosome 7. We found that both QTL are reflected in both LLPF and LLC measurements, suggesting that both these components of tenderness, myofibrillar and connective tissue, are detected by both measurements in this muscle.

Effects of dietary lipid type on muscle fatty acid composition, carcass leanness, and meat toughness in lambs.

Isonitrogenous amounts of two protein sources differing in rumen degradation rate and in lipid composition were fed to sheep with or without a rapidly fermentable cereal grain. The effects on intake, carcass leanness, and muscle fatty acid (FA) composition were examined. Thirty-eight crossbred wether lambs (9 mo, 35 to 48 kg) were allocated by stratified randomization to six treatment groups: 1) basal diet of alfalfa hay:oat hay (20:80) ad libitum = basal; 2) basal + lupin (358 g DM/d) = lupin; 3) basal + fish meal (168 g DM/d) = fish meal; 4) basal + barley (358 g DM/d) = barley; 5) basal + barley + lupin (179 + 179 g DM/d) = barley/lupin; or 6) basal + barley + fish meal (179 + 84 g DM/d) = barley/ fish meal. Lambs were fed individually. Dietary treatments were imposed for 8 wk, and the supplements were offered at 2-d intervals. Daily feed intake and weekly BW of lambs were recorded. At the end of the feeding period lambs were slaughtered after an overnight fast. Hot carcass weight (HCW) and fat depth (GR; total fat and muscle tissue depth at 12th rib, 110 mm from midline) were recorded. At 24 h postmortem samples of longissimus thoracis (LT) and longissimus lumborum (LL) muscles were taken from chilled (4 deg C) carcasses for the assessment of FA composition and meat tenderness, respectively. Lambs fed lupin or fish meal with or without barley had heavier slaughter weights (P < 0.004) and HCW (P < 0.001) than lambs fed basal or barley when initial BW was included as a covariate. The lupin diet also resulted in heavier carcasses (P < 0.05) than the fish meal or barley/fish meal diets. With GR as an indicator, fish meal and barley/ fish meal diets produced leaner carcasses (P < 0.01) than lupin and barley/lupin lambs. Long-chain n-3 FA content [20:5n-3 (P < 0.001), 22:5n-3 (P < 0.003), and 22:6n-3 (P < 0.001)] in the LT muscle were substantially higher with the fish meal and barley/fish meal diets, whereas muscle total n-6 FA was increased (P < 0.003) by lupin and barley/lupin compared with all other diets. Thus, increased muscle long-chain n-3 FA content occurred without an increase in fatness measured as GR, whereas increased muscle n-6 FA content was associated with an increase in carcass fatness. Under these circumstances, a reduction in carcass fatness had no effect on meat tenderness measured as Warner-Bratzler shear force.

Effects of age at slaughter and sire genotype on fatness, muscularity, and the quality of meat from ram lambs born to Romney ewes

Ram lambs (n = 356) born to Romney ewes and sired by a range of straightbred or crossbred sires were evaluated for carcass composition and, for a subsample (n = 236), some meat quality characteristics over a period of 4 years. Within each year, 2 to 4 sire genotypes, including Romney controls, were evaluated at 2 slaughter ages (5-9 months and 10-11 months). Weight-adjusted carcass length was greater for lambs with some East Friesian or Finn genes, but no differences were found in dressing-out percent. At a constant carcass weight, carcass fatness (fat depths and leg dissectible fat) was lower in lambs with East Friesian, Texel, or Finn genes. Meat yield at a constant weight tended to be greatest in sire groups that were least fat, and M:B ratio in the femur region was highest in lambs with Texel genes and, to a lesser extent, those with Poll Dorset genes. Leg muscularity in the femur region generally paralleled differences in M:B, except in a comparison of East Friesian-cross and Romney lambs where the former had lower muscularity but slightly better M:B. Lambs slaughtered at the older age for each year had longer and leaner carcasses at the same weight, possibly because they had been taken part way through a winter or because of slower growth rates leading up to slaughter. Meat quality characteristics differed little between the genotype groups, but for 2 of 3 years, meat from the semimembranosus muscle of lambs in the older slaughter lot was significantly tougher.

Candidate SNPs for carcass and meat traits in Nelore animals and in their crosses with Bos taurus

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms of CAPN1 and CAST genes on meat traits in Nellore beef cattle (Bos indicus) and in their crosses with Bos taurus

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Assessment of GH1, CAPN1 and CAST polymorphisms as markers of carcass and meat traits in Bos indicus and Bos taurus-Bos indicus cross beef cattle

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)