Pedagogisk måltid i förskolan : en arbetsuppgift eller en förmån för pedagogerna?

Syftet är att undersöka hur pedagogernas faktiska arbetssituation ser ut under den pedagogiskamåltiden i förskolan då Falu Kommun ser den pedagogiska måltiden som en kostnadsfrågamedan Borlänge Kommun ser pedagogerna som viktiga förebilder för barnen under måltiden.Vilken är pedagogernas arbetssituation i samband med den pedagogiska måltiden? Vilka direktivföljer pedagogerna i arbetssituationen under måltiden?Resultatet visar, genom observationer och intervjuer, att den faktiska måltidssituationen är enkomplex arbetssituation för pedagogerna då den både innebär pedagogiska moment somspråkutveckling, socialisering och hur man för sig vid matbordet samt praktiska moment somberör vård och omsorg. Dessutom ska pedagogerna äta själva och se till att de får i sig mat på ettsådant sätt att de orkar arbeta resten av dagen. Direktiven som följs är vaga. Den pedagogiskadelen hämtar pedagogerna från förskolans styrdokument Läroplanen för förskolan, Lpfö98, mende praktiska förväntas ske av sig själv.Genom analys av resultatet drar vi slutsatsen att den pedagogiska måltiden förvisso är en förmånom man enbart ser till att pedagogerna får mat att äta utan att behöva betala för den men det ärinte någon mat eller någon måltidsituation som på något sett gynnar dem personligen. Denpedagogiska måltiden är ett redskap för pedagogerna som innebär att de kan genomföra enpedagogisk verksamhet i förskolan under hela dagen.

Determinants of Coronary and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Finnish Patients with Clinically Suspected Coronary Artery Disease. A Quantitative Angiography and Ultrasound Study

Background. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the most serious threat to life and health in industrialized countries. Atherosclerosis is the main underlying pathology associated with CVD, in particular coronary artery disease (CAD), ischaemic stroke, and peripheral arterial disease. Risk factors play an important role in initiating and accelerating the complex process of atherosclerosis. Most studies of risk factors have focused on the presence or absence of clinically defined CVD. Less is known about the determinants of the severity and extent of atherosclerosis in symptomatic patients. Aims. To clarify the association between coronary and carotid artery atherosclerosis, and to study the determinants associated with these abnormalities with special regard to novel cardiovascular risk factors. Subjects and methods. Quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) and B-mode ultrasound were used to assess coronary and carotid artery atherosclerosis in 108 patients with clinically suspected CAD referred for elective coronary angiography. To evaluate anatomic severity and extent of CAD, several QCA parameters were incorporated into indexes. These measurements reflected CAD severity, extent, and overall atheroma burden and were calculated for the entire coronary tree and separately for different coronary segments (i.e., left main, proximal, mid, and distal segments). Maximum and mean intima-media thickness (IMT) values of carotid arteries were measured and expressed as mean aggregate values. Furthermore, the study design included extensive fasting blood samples, oral glucose tolerance test, and an oral fat-load test to be performed in each participant. Results. Maximum and mean IMT values were significantly correlated with CAD severity, extent, and atheroma burden. There was heterogeneity in associations between IMT and CAD indexes according to anatomical location of CAD. Maximum and mean IMT values, respectively, were correlated with QCA indexes for mid and distal segments but not with the proximal segments of coronary vessels. The values of paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity and concentration, respectively, were lower in subjects with significant CAD and there was a significant relationship between PON1 activity and concentration and coronary atherosclerosis assessed by QCA. PON1 activity was a significant determinant of severity of CAD independently of HDL cholesterol. Neither PON1 activity nor concentration was associated with carotid IMT. The concentration of triglycerides (TGs), triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs), oxidized LDL (oxLDL), and the cholesterol content of remnant lipoprotein particle (RLP-C) were significantly increased at 6 hours after intake of an oral fatty meal as compared with fasting values. The mean peak size of LDL remained unchanged 6 hours after the test meal. The correlations between total TGs, TRLs, and RLP-C in fasting and postprandial state were highly significant. RLP-C correlated with oxLDL both in fasting and in fed state and inversely with LDL size. In multivariate analysis oxLDL was a determinant of severity and extent of CAD. Neither total TGs, TRLs, oxLDL, nor LDL size were linked to carotid atherosclerosis. Insulin resistance (IR) was associated with an increased severity and extent of coronary atherosclerosis and seemed to be a stronger predictor of coronary atherosclerosis in the distal parts of the coronary tree than in the proximal and mid parts. In the multivariate analysis IR was a significant predictor of the severity of CAD. IR did not correlate with carotid IMT. Maximum and mean carotid IMT were higher in patients with the apoE4 phenotype compared with subjects with the apoE3 phenotype. Likewise, patients with the apoE4 phenotype had a more severe and extensive CAD than individuals with the apoE3 phenotype. Conclusions. 1) There is an association between carotid IMT and the severity and extent of CAD. Carotid IMT seems to be a weaker predictor of coronary atherosclerosis in the proximal parts of the coronary tree than in the mid and distal parts. 2) PON1 activity has an important role in the pathogenesis of coronary atherosclerosis. More importantly, the study illustrates how the protective role of HDL could be modulated by its components such that equivalent serum concentrations of HDL cholesterol may not equate with an equivalent, potential protective capacity. 3) RLP-C in the fasting state is a good marker of postprandial TRLs. Circulating oxLDL increases in CAD patients postprandially. The highly significant positive correlation between postprandial TRLs and postprandial oxLDL suggests that the postprandial state creates oxidative stress. Our findings emphasize the fundamental role of LDL oxidation in the development of atherosclerosis even after inclusion of conventional CAD risk factors. 4) Disturbances in glucose metabolism are crucial in the pathogenesis of coronary atherosclerosis. In fact, subjects with IR are comparable with diabetic subjects in terms of severity and extent of CAD. 5) ApoE polymorphism is involved in the susceptibility to both carotid and coronary atherosclerosis.

"En samvaro mellan vuxna och barn" : En studie om hur måltiden kan ses som en demokratisk arena

Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur måltiden kan ses som en demokratisk arena genom att ta del av barns och pedagogers uppfattningar. De två frågeställningar studien utgår ifrån är: Hur uppfattar barn möjligheten till eget inflytande under måltiden? Hur kan pedagoger samtala om demokrati i måltidssituationen?   Kleins fem samspelskriterier används som teoretiskt analys verktyg. I studien har både barn och vuxna intervjuats. Resultatet visar att samspelskriterierna kan underlätta det demokratiska arbetet i förskolans måltid.