An extension of Mohring’s model for land rent distribution

In an early paper Herbert Mohring (J. Poi Et on , 49 (1961)) presented a model for land rent distribution yielding the well-known result that the price of land must fall with the distance from the city center to offset transportation costs. Our paper is an extension of Mohring's model in which we relax some of his drastic simplifying assumptions. This extended model has been incorporated in a method for economic evaluation of city master plans which has been applied to a Swedish city. In this method the interdependence among housing, heating, and transportation, the dura-bility of urban structures, and the uncertainty of future demand are explicitly considered within a cost-benefit approach. Some empirical results from this pilot study concerning land rent distributions are also presented here.

Influence of the Common Agricultural Policy and Heterogeneous Land Quality on Land Rent and Land Allocation. Factor Markets Working Paper No. 38, March 2013

Against the background of the current discussion about the EU’s common agricultural policy (CAP) after 2013, the question of the impact of government support on land prices is crucially important. Validation of the CAP’s success also hinges on a proper assessment of a choice of policy instruments. This study therefore has the objective of investigating on a theoretical basis the effects of different government support measures on land rental prices and land allocation. The different measures under consideration are the price support, area payments and decoupled single farm payments (SFPs) of the CAP. Our approach evaluates the potential impact of each measure based on a Ricardian land rent model with heterogeneous land quality and multiple land uses. We start with a simple model of one output and two inputs, where a Cobb-Douglas production technology is assumed between the two factors of land and non-land inputs. In a second step, an outside option is introduced. This outside option, as opposed to land use of the Ricardian type, is independent of land quality. The results show that area payments and SFPs become fully capitalised into land rents, whereas in a price support scheme the capitalisation depends on per-acreage productivity. Moreover, in a price support scheme and a historical model, the capitalisation is positively influenced by land quality. Both area payments and price supports influence land allocation across different uses compared with no subsidies, where the shift tends to be larger in an area payment scheme than in a price support scheme. By contrast, SFPs do not influence land allocation.

Effects of red brick production on land use, household income, and greenhouse gas emissions in Khartoum, Sudan

In Khartoum (Sudan) a particular factor shaping urban land use is the rapid expansion of red brick making (BM) for the construction of houses which occurs on the most fertile agricultural Gerif soils along the Nile banks. The objectives of this study were to assess the profitability of BM, to explore the income distribution among farmers and kiln owners, to measure the dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and organic carbon (C_org) in cow dung used for BM, and to estimate the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from burned biomass fuel (cow dung and fuel wood). About 49 kiln owners were interviewed in 2009 using a semi-structured questionnaire that allowed to record socio-economic and variable cost data for budget calculations, and determination of Gini coefficients. Samples of cow dung were collected directly from the kilns and analyzed for their nutrients concentrations. To estimate GHG emissions a modified approach of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was used. The land rental value from red brick kilns was estimated at 5-fold the rental value from agriculture and the land rent to total cost ratio was 29% for urban farms compared to 6% for BM. The Gini coefficients indicated that income distribution among kiln owners was more equal than among urban farmers. Using IPCC default values the 475, 381, and 36 t DM of loose dung, compacted dung, and fuel wood used for BM emit annually 688, 548, and 60 t of GHGs, respectively.

Development of land rental market and its effect on household farming in rural China : an empirical study in Zhejiang Province

This paper investigates the impact of land rental market development on the efficiency of labor allocation and land utilization in rural China. To test the hypothesis that the shadow wage of a rent-in household with limited off-farm opportunities will increase with the development of a land rental market for households, a statistical comparison between the shadow wage and the estimated market wage was conducted. The results showed that the shadow wage for both rent-in households and non-rent-in households was significantly lower than the market wage, but that the wage for the rent-in households was statistically higher than that for non-rent-in households in Fenghua and Deqing, the two counties surveyed in this study. In addition, the estimated marginal product of farmland for rent-in households was statistically higher than the actual land rent that those households paid, while a null hypothesis that the actual rental fee accepted by rent-out households is equivalent to the marginal product of farmland for those households was not rejected in Fenghua county where land transactions by mutual agreement were more prevalent. These results indicate that the development of the land rental market facilitates the efficiency of labor allocation and farmland utilization in rural China.

Valores-trabalho, preços de reprodução e renda da terra

Labor values, reproduction prices and land rent. The paper analyses the determination of labor values and reproduction prices, including economic systems with joint production and systems with intensive land rent. The discussion is based on very simple numeric examples, avoiding that the mathematical complications hinder the comprehension of basic questions of Marxist economic theory.

Quem tem direito à moradia? :uma análise da política nacional de habitação e dos programas de habitação de interesse social (2003-2005)

This dissertation analyses the Brazilian housing policy of today s, focusing on the programmes in the socalled Social Interest Housing Subsystem in order to discuss to what extent the government has been able to grant housing constitutional rights in the country. The discussion is about housing policy and the principles in the country s Constitution regarding the role of housing as a social right, a right that must be granted by the state. This refers to land rent theory to understand the relationship between capital and property and the reasons why, under capitalism, housing becomes a commodity in the market. Then, it discusses the national housing policy, which emphasizes land ownership through financing, that is, via market, a process that excludes all low income population. In the conclusion, it is clear that, although government programmes cover extensively at least potentially the national territory as well as social group, subsidized housing programmes cannot be implemented in the city due to land prices because subsidy is too low. In this way, the law that grants housing rights to all Brazilian citizens is violated

Vende-se uma vila: análise intra-urbana das vilas na Vila de Ponta Negra e no bairro de Nova Descoberta - Zona Sul de Natal

This dissertation is about low-income rental housing vilas in the South Zone in the city of Natal. Vilas are a string of houses, built privately in an urban plot of land, usually a backyard, facing a narrow street beco. This type of housing is originated in the 19th century in the Brazilian scenario. In Natal, this has become more popular since the late 1960s. This study is aimed at analyzing the urban integration of the vilas, considering that these house a low income population, vis à vis the speedy development of Natal s most economically dynamic area. The study starts with a discussion of the production of space, taking into consideration categories such as use value, exchange value, commodity and land rent. Field work was undertaken through structured interviews with dwellers of vilas in Nova Descoberta and Ponta Negra neighbourhoods. Owners of vilas were also interviewed. Data collected indicated worrisome housing conditions. Vilas, in the areas researched, are increasingly becoming unwelcome, constituting guetos in a place where landscape is changing rapidly. Gentrification is fast under way, first because of rise in rent and taxes; second because of general rise in living costs

A Dinâmica agrária do município de Ortigueira(PR) e a reprodução social dos produtores familiares: uma análise das comunidades rurais de Pinhalzinho e Vila Rica

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Los empresarios de la soja : Cambios y continuidades en la fisonomía y composición interna de las empresas agropecuarias

Un rasgo fundamental del nuevo modelo productivo que se consolidó en las últimas dos décadas es la centralidad que adquieren las capas empresariales. Este hecho encierra una serie de interrogantes en los que conviene detenerse, en tanto aluden al análisis de los procesos de constitución de estas capas, que involucran tanto la identificación de los rasgos que les dan unidad, como su grado de diversidad. En este trabajo, interesa fundamentalmente explorar la importancia y el papel que la propiedad de la tierra retiene en estos sectores, tanto en términos de la configuración de su capital y patrimonio como en las estrategias técnico-productivas, y de inversión que definen. El tema es un punto controversial que remite al interrogante sobre el tipo de actores que sostienen la expansión sojera, debate que vuelve a poner en juego la importancia de la renta de la tierra en la acumulación del sector, vis a vis la tecnología, el conocimiento científico, y las lógicas de puesta en red de los espacios agrícolas, a través de de asociaciones y contratos entre diferentes actores. El trabajo aborda estas cuestiones a partir del análisis de información cuantitativa y cualitativa de un conjunto de empresarios de la región pampeana

Los empresarios de la soja : Cambios y continuidades en la fisonomía y composición interna de las empresas agropecuarias

Un rasgo fundamental del nuevo modelo productivo que se consolidó en las últimas dos décadas es la centralidad que adquieren las capas empresariales. Este hecho encierra una serie de interrogantes en los que conviene detenerse, en tanto aluden al análisis de los procesos de constitución de estas capas, que involucran tanto la identificación de los rasgos que les dan unidad, como su grado de diversidad. En este trabajo, interesa fundamentalmente explorar la importancia y el papel que la propiedad de la tierra retiene en estos sectores, tanto en términos de la configuración de su capital y patrimonio como en las estrategias técnico-productivas, y de inversión que definen. El tema es un punto controversial que remite al interrogante sobre el tipo de actores que sostienen la expansión sojera, debate que vuelve a poner en juego la importancia de la renta de la tierra en la acumulación del sector, vis a vis la tecnología, el conocimiento científico, y las lógicas de puesta en red de los espacios agrícolas, a través de de asociaciones y contratos entre diferentes actores. El trabajo aborda estas cuestiones a partir del análisis de información cuantitativa y cualitativa de un conjunto de empresarios de la región pampeana

Los empresarios de la soja : Cambios y continuidades en la fisonomía y composición interna de las empresas agropecuarias

Un rasgo fundamental del nuevo modelo productivo que se consolidó en las últimas dos décadas es la centralidad que adquieren las capas empresariales. Este hecho encierra una serie de interrogantes en los que conviene detenerse, en tanto aluden al análisis de los procesos de constitución de estas capas, que involucran tanto la identificación de los rasgos que les dan unidad, como su grado de diversidad. En este trabajo, interesa fundamentalmente explorar la importancia y el papel que la propiedad de la tierra retiene en estos sectores, tanto en términos de la configuración de su capital y patrimonio como en las estrategias técnico-productivas, y de inversión que definen. El tema es un punto controversial que remite al interrogante sobre el tipo de actores que sostienen la expansión sojera, debate que vuelve a poner en juego la importancia de la renta de la tierra en la acumulación del sector, vis a vis la tecnología, el conocimiento científico, y las lógicas de puesta en red de los espacios agrícolas, a través de de asociaciones y contratos entre diferentes actores. El trabajo aborda estas cuestiones a partir del análisis de información cuantitativa y cualitativa de un conjunto de empresarios de la región pampeana

Grundrente, Grundkredit und die Entwickelung der Grundstückspreise in Karlsruhe und Vergleich mit den entsprechenden Verhältnissen in Mannheim, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der derzeitigen Krise im Baugewerbe.

Mode of access: Internet.

Rent, interest and wages ; or, The real bearings of the land question : private rent the mother of interest, the cause of commercial depressions & social misery /

Mode of access: Internet.

The effects of land-use development policies on forest management

This paper develops a model of a forest owner operating in an open-city environment, where the rent for developed land is increasing concave in nearby preserved open space and is rising over time reflecting an upward trend in households’ income. Thus, our model creates the possibility of switching from forestry to residential use at some point in the future. In addition it allows the optimal harvest length to vary over time even if stumpage prices and regeneration costs remain constant. Within this framework we examine how adjacent preserved open space and alternative development constraints affect the private landowner´s decisions. We find that in the presence of rising income, preserved open space hastens regeneration and conversion cuts but leads to lower density development of nearby unzoned parcels due to indirect dynamic effects. We also find that both a binding development moratorium and a binding minimum-lot-size policy can postpone regeneration and conversion cut dates and thus help to protect open space even if only temporarily. However, the policies do not have the same effects on development density of converted forestland. While the former leads to high-density development, the latter encourages low-density development.

Highways and Your Land, January 2006

For most people, highway engineering, design and right of way acquisition are not of immediate concern. However, when you own or rent property that will be affected by highway construction, you begin to consider road building from a different and personal viewpoint Right of way is the land on which highways are built. The amount of land needed depends on the engineering standards that must be met for the type of highway that will be built or improved. This booklet will acquaint property owners, tenants and the public with the procedures the Iowa Department of Transportation follows in acquiring right of way for a highway. It is not a source of technical definitions or legal advice. Further, it is not intended to establish a legal standard.