A la Deriva. Un Hospital, un conflicto, muchas formas de afrontarlo

A la Deriva es un documental de 2013 realizado por Laura Díaz y Sara Trejos, estudiantes de periodismo y sociología de la Universidad del Rosario. Cuenta la historia de la crisis laboral de los trabajadores del Hospital San Juan de Dios de Dios y el Instituto Materno Infantil en la ciudad de Bogotá que dejaron de funcionar en el año 2001 sin darles término ni liquidación a más de 1500 trabajadores, quienes aún esperan una respuesta. Este trabajo audiovisual busca acercar al espectador a la vida cotidiana y a los tipos de lucha de cinco de los grupos afectados por este conflicto, con el fin de contradecir el imaginario general de que existe una única forma de hacer resistencia a una crisis, y por el contrario dar a conocer las múltiples estrategias de lucha, que pueden ir desde las tradicionales acciones de hecho, pasar por acciones legales, hasta ocupar un espacio o simplemente crear y fortalecer redes entre amigos y conocidos.

Novos rumos, velhos hábitos: debates acerca do trabalhador rural na Assembléia Nacional Constituinte Portuguesa de 1911

Pós-graduação em História - FCLAS

Marketing Approaches to Human Resources Management In the Hospitality Industry

Now that baby boomers are older and pursuing more career-oriented jobs, managers of the hospitality industry are experiencing the effects of the pre- sent labor crisis; they now know that those vacant hourly jobs are going to be tough to fill with quality personnel. The companies able to attract quality personnel by offering employees what they need and want will be the successful ones in the next decade. The authors explain how the labor crisis is currently affecting the hospitality industry and make suggestions about how firms may survive the "labor crash” of the 1990s with the application of marketing technology to human resource management.

The Food Crisis: Implications for Labor

Food prices have gone up to prohibitive levels for many of the world’s poor. The vast majority of those who are hungry in the world today are working in agriculture, either as small landholders or as waged agricultural workers. The majority of the food producers have not benefited from rising prices. Apparently, the bargaining power of many producers, just as that of the end consumers, has been weakened vis-à-vis the buyers and retailers of agricultural produce. This powerlessness is also in the face of governments that fail to provide an appropriate infrastructure for smallholders and social protection. The first part of the book provides an introduction to the immediate and structural causes of the food crisis. The second part contains contributions that not only highlight the plight of rural labour but also develop tools for measuring the decent work deficit. The last part emphasizes income security as a major precondition for food security. It looks at the experiences of Brazil and India with the extension of social protection for the poor.

Career Crisis? Impacts of Financial Shock on the Entry-Level Labor Market: Evidence from Thailand

We utilize Thailand's the financial crisis in 1997 as a natural experiment which exogenously shifts labor demand. Convincing evidence from the Thailand Labor Force Survey support the hypothesis that both employment opportunities and wages shrunk for new entrants after the crisis. We find that workers who entered before the crisis experienced job losses and wage losses. But these losses were smaller than those of new entrants after the crisis. We also find that new entrants after the crisis experienced a 10% reduction in the overtime wages compared to new entrants before the crisis.

The health care crisis and the American family : hearing before the Committee on Labor and Human Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Second Congress, first session ... January 10, 1991.

Item 1043-A, 1043-B (MF)

Empirical Studies on Labor Market Matching (summary section only)

This thesis analyzes how matching takes place at the Finnish labor market from three different angles. The Finnish labor market has undergone severe structural changes following the economic crisis in the early 1990s. The labor market has had problems adjusting from these changes and hence a high and persistent unemployment has followed. In this thesis I analyze if matching problems, and in particular if changes in matching, can explain some of this persistence. The thesis consists of three essays. In the first essay Finnish Evidence of Changes in the Labor Market Matching Process the matching process at the Finnish labor market is analyzed. The key finding is that the matching process has changed thoroughly between the booming 1980s and the post-crisis period. The importance of the number of unemployed, and in particular long-term unemployed, for the matching process has vanished. More unemployed do not increase matching as theory predicts but rather the opposite. In the second essay, The Aggregate Matching Function and Directed Search -Finnish Evidence, stock-flow matching as a potential micro foundation of the aggregate matching function is studied. In the essay I show that newly unemployed match mainly with the stock of vacancies while longer term unemployed match with the inflow of vacancies. When aggregating I still find evidence of the traditional aggregate matching function. This could explain the huge support the aggregate matching function has received despite its odd randomness assumption. The third essay, How do Registered Job Seekers really match? -Finnish occupational level Evidence, studies matching for nine occupational groups and finds that very different matching problems exist for different occupations. In this essay also misspecification stemming from non-corresponding variables is dealt with through the introduction of a completely new set of variables. The new outflow measure used is vacancies filled with registered job seekers and it is matched by the supply side measure registered job seekers.

Social economy and economic crisis in the basque country abstract

This article examines the socio-economic evolution of the social economy sector in the Basque Country during the 2008-2014 period of economic crisis. Data have been obtained within a framework of collaboration between university, Basque Government and private sector of the social economy. The results suggest that such entities have evolved better, both in terms of number of enterprises and employment, than the general economy of the Basque Country, while the context of public policies aimed at social economy has worsened over the years. However, in economic terms (measured through the Gross Value Added generated), they have not been able to cope with the crisis in equal conditions to the general economy. The main contribution of this research lies in that, unlike similar studies, it discusses the evolution of the whole sector of the social economy, taking as reference a broad period of the current economic crisis.

Trades Unions and the Transition away from 'actually existing unsustainability':From economic crisis to a new political economy beyond growth

Traditionally trades unions have accepted and promoted orthodox economic growth as a policy imperative. In recent years there has been a noticeable ‘greening’ of trade unions in relation to initiatives such as the ‘Green new deal’ and the creation of ‘green collar’ employment and the focus on a ‘just transition’ to a low carbon economy. Yet given the growing evidence of the negative impacts of economic growth in terms of environmental, resource and pollution impacts as well as the inability of economic growth to tackle (as opposed to managed) socio-economic inequality, it is timely to review the case for trades unions to fundamentally rethink the commitment to orthodox economic growth. That is, for trades unions to consider going beyond their current ‘green/sustainability’ strategies to consider more radical ‘post-growth’ policy positions. This chapter will explore some of the dimensions of a ‘post-growth’ trade union agenda by considering the evidence for going beyond growth from within the trade union movement (specifically looking at the International Labor Organization’s 2004 report on Economic Security, to internal union discussions around trades unionism and climate change) and external evidence ranging from Wilkinson and Pickett’s The Spirit Level (which suggests amongst other things that in the developed world what is needed is not economic growth but greater redistribution and lowering inequality – issues also of traditional interest to the Trades Union movement) to Tim Jackson’s Prosperity without Growth (which suggests that economic growth is ecologically unsustainable as well having passed a threshold beyond which it is contributing to human well-being in the developed world). As well as discussing the relationship between trades unionism and what may be called ‘green political economy’ (such as the ‘degrowth’ and ‘limits to growth’ perspectives) this chapter will also discuss the practical/policy implications of this ‘post-growth’ perspective in relation to trades unionism’s analysis of capitalism and its transformation in the context of a climate changed, carbon constrained world, including implications for ideas such as basic income, a shorter working week and what a trades unionism focused on how to achieve high quality of life within a low carbon context might look like.

A crisis of social democracy : organized labour and the NDP in an era of neoliberalism

The NDP was founded out of the ashes of the Co-Operative Commonwealth Federation to cooperate with the Canadian Labour Congress to become the 'political arm of organized labour' in Canada. The NDP has long claimed they are the party which represents the policy goals of organized labour in Canada: that the NDP alone will fight for trade union rights, and will fight for Canadian workers. Divergent Paths is an examination of the links between the labour movement and the ND P in an era ofneo-liberalism. Provincial NDP governments have become increasingly neoliberal in their ideological orientation, and have often proved to be no friend to the labour movement when they hold office. The Federal party has never held power, nor have they ever formed the Official Opposition. This thesis charts the progress of the federal NDP as they become more neoliberal from 1988 to 2006, and shows how this trend effects the links between the NDP and labour. Divergent Paths studies each federal election from 1988 to 2006, looking at the interactions between Labour and the NDP during these elections. Elections provide critical junctions to study discourse - party platforms, speeches, and other official documents can be used to examine discourse. Extensive newspaper searches were used to follow campaign events and policy speeches. Studying the party's discourse can be used to determine the ideological orientation of the party itself: the fact that the party's discourse has become neoliberal is a sure sign that the party itself is neoliberal. The NDP continues to drive towards the centre of the political spectrum in an attempt to gain multi-class support. The NDP seems more interested in gaining seats at any cost, rather then promoting the agenda of Labour. As the party attempts to open up to more multi-class support, Labour becomes increasingly marginalised in the party. A rift which arguably started well before the 1988 election was exacerbated during that election; labour encouraged the NDP to campaign solely on the issue of Free Trade, and the NDP did not. The 1993 election saw the rift between the two grow even further as the Federal NDP suffered major blowbacks from the actions of the Ontario NDP. The 1997 and 2000 elections saw the NDP make a deliberate move to the centre of the political spectrum which increasingly marginalised labour. In the 2004 election, Jack Layton made no attempt to move the party back to the left; and in 2006 the link between labour and the NDP was perhaps irreparably damaged when the CAW endorsed the Liberal party in a strategic voting strategy, and the CLC did not endorse the NDP. The NDP is no longer a reliable ally of organized labour. The Canadian labour movement must decide wether the NDP can be 'salvaged' or if the labour movement should end their alliance with the NDP and engage in a new political project.

Después de la crisis del movimiento obrero: el conflicto social en la era de la globalización

Presentado como Ponencia en Congreso de la UPV, Noviembre de 2008.

Crisis, anomía y contradicciones en la profesión docente.

Diagnosticar el alcance de la crisis que afecta a la profesión docente y estudiar los factores que han podido intervenir y algunas de las explicaciones que se han sugerido. Todo ello referido a uno de los agentes fundamentales del proceso educativo, los profesores, y en relación con el contexto educativo español. Profesorado de EEMM y EGB que desempeña su función en lo que se ha dado en llamar 'niveles no universitarios'. Se analizan los siguientes aspectos: los efectos de la crisis sobre el profesorado, algunas de las contradicciones con que se desenvuelve su labor, así como las respuestas adaptativas que se han producido y que se pueden estar produciendo en este grupo ocupacional. Por último se dan algunas sugerencias dirigidas a superar tal situación. Los factores generales que han incidido en la crisis de la profesión docente son los siguientes: origen social, femeneización, naturaleza de los clientes, papel social desempeñado, nivel de exigencia y formación profesional, configuración histórica, profesionalización insuficiente y fuerte expansión de la demanda. La crisis de la profesión también ha estado incidida por una serie de factores estructurales como son: la fuerte transformación que han sufrido las distintas estructuras sociales en los últimos 30 años, el abandono del modelo social tradicional, el cambio de posición de la escuela como agente de socialización. Se han dado varias hipótesis para explicar el fenómeno, pero ninguna de ellas es suficiente para dar cuenta de la complejidad y alcance de la cuestión. Los docentes viven la contradicción de tener encomendada una labor de alta exigencia pero de muy bajo prestigio. Dicha contradicción se manifiesta en tres ámbitos: en las estrategias de organización, en la práctica docente y en su proyección profesional.

El Real Hospicio de Oviedo y su labor con los marginados : los niños ilegítimos y los expósitos (1750-1775).

Realizar un estudio cuantitativo sobre los niños expósitos del hospicio de Oviedo, desde su fundación hasta finalizar el siglo XVIII. Situación de los niños expósitos e ilegítimos en el Real Hospicio de Oviedo. Los aspectos de análisis más relevantes en este estudio son: Volumen de expósitos: distribución anual, estacional, repercusiones de crisis económicas, etc. Mortalidad: distribución anual y estacional de las muertes de niños expósitos, comparadas con otras Instituciones similares de otras provincias, causas de las muertes, diferencias en sexos. Características de las amas de cría: edad, origen social, procedencia, salarios, oblicaciones, etc.. Además de diferentes obras bibliográficas del periódo cronológico de estudio, se consultaron una serie de obras manuscritas: Archivos de la Diputación de Asturias: libros de expósitos. Juntas de Dirección del Hospicio, ordenanzas y mandatos dados por Gil de Jaza, etc. Archivo del Ayuntamiento de Oviedo. Archivo Nacional de Simancas. Frecuencias y porcentajes de las variables de estudio citadas anteriormente: número de expósitos, mortalidad, etc. Para la elaboración de estos índices se parte del vaciado de las actas de niños expósitos localizadas en la Diputación provincial. Para la representación gráfica de los datos se utilizan diagramas de barras, gráficas y mapas. En la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII abunda la construcción de centros para acoger a la población marginada. La mayoría de los expósitos acogidos en el Real Hospicio de Oviedo son hijos ilegítimos. No hay diferencias importantes entre el número de niñas y el de niños que son expuestos. El porcentaje de fallecimientos de los niños ingresados en esta Institución durante los años de estudio es del 50 por ciento. El mayor número de muertos se registra durante los seis primeros meses de ingreso y tampoco en este caso se dan diferencias relevantes en razón del sexo. Después de unos días de su ingreso en el hospicio, el expósito es puesto al cuidado de un ama exterior, que cobra por su trabajo un sueldo muy bajo, al cabo de seis años pasa nuevamente al hospicio. Esta investigación sobre el hospicio ovetense y sobre los niños en él ingresados, es considerada por su autora como una pequeña aportación a futuras investigaciones, destinadas a conocer más exahustivamente las clases marginadas de la España de la Edad Moderna.

Liderazgo y resiliencia organizacional en la crisis financiera global del 2008–2009

Durante la crisis financiera global de 2008 muchas organizaciones y mercados financieros tuvieron que terminar sus operaciones o replantearlas debido a los choques que golpearon el bienestar de sus empresas. A pesar de esta grave situación, en la actualidad se pueden encontrar empresas que se recuperaron y salieron del terrible panorama que les presentó la crisis, incluso encontrando nuevas oportunidades de negocio y fortaleciendo su futuro. Esta capacidad que algunas organizaciones tuvieron y que permitió su salida victoriosa de la crisis se denomina resiliencia, la cual es la capacidad de sobreponerse a los efectos negativos de choques internos o externos (Briguglio, Cordina, Farrugia & Vella 2009). Por tanto en el presente trabajo se estudiará esta capacidad tanto en la organización como en los líderes para hallar factores que mejoren el desempeño de las empresas en crisis como la que ocurrió en el 2008 – 2009. Primero se realizará un estudio sobre los sucesos y el desarrollo de la crisis subprime del año 2008 para tener un entendimiento claro de sus antecedentes, desarrollo, magnitud y consecuencias. Posteriormente se realizará un estudio profundo sobre la teoría de la resiliencia organizacional y la resiliencia en el líder como individuo y los estilos de liderazgo. Finalmente teniendo un sustento teórico tanto de la crisis como del concepto de resiliencia se tomarán casos de estudio de empresas que lograron perdurar en la crisis financiera del 2008 y empresas que no lograron sobrevivir para posteriormente hallar características del líder y del liderazgo que puedan aumentar o afectar la capacidad de resiliencia de las organizaciones con el objetivo de brindar herramientas a los líderes actuales para que manejen de forma eficiente y eficaz las empresas en un mundo complejo y variable como el actual.