The Quakers from their origin till the present time: an international history ...

Mode of access: Internet.

My country

The film is an ode to the history of Indigenous peoples and the meaning and spirit of belonging. Inspired by verbal and documented accounts of Aboriginal experiences from the history of colonialism, MY COUNTRY is the touching story of the lasting impact of one such experience on an elderly Aboriginal man. Triggered by a work of art and its interpretation, his story is a journey through time and cultural dislocation.

Unfinished Business from Potsdam: Britain, West Germany, and the Oder-Neisse line, 1945-1962

Hughes, R. G., 'Unfinished Business from Potsdam: Britain, West Germany, and the Oder-Neisse line, 1945-1962', International History Review (2005) 27(2) pp.259-294 RAE2008

Modifying “a very dangerous message": Britain, the non-aligned and the UN during the Cuban missile crisis

This chapter analyses the unfolding of the Cuban missile crisis in the context of the 17th General Assembly of the UN and shows that, contrary to earlier accounts, U Thant was responding to pressures from the non-aligned and the British in his attempts to handle the crisis.

Cooperación Sur-Sur: Análisis de su impacto en la transformación del régimen internacional de la OCDE en materia de cooperación internacional

Las relaciones de cooperación Sur-Sur revoluciona las lógicas tradicionales que dieron base al régimen de la cooperación internacional expedido desde la OCDE. La diferencia entre los donantes llamados “DAC” y los socios “No-DAC” en referencia a los Estados miembros del Comité de Asistencia al Desarrollo establece dos lógicas de cooperación internacional que se contraponen en sus dinámicas pero comparten un objetivo: el desarrollo. Estos dos tipos de relaciones de cooperación se diferencian en cuatro aspectos: calidad de los actores implicados, dirección de la relación, tipo de intercambio y presencia o ausencia del Principio de Condicionalidad. A diferencia de las relaciones de cooperación Norte-Sur donde se establece una relación unidireccional entre el donante y el receptor, canal utilizado para el flujo crediticio y financiero (bien sea a través de créditos o de subvenciones), las relaciones de cooperación Sur-Sur establecen una relación bidireccional. Esta bidireccionalidad hace que la cooperación internacional se convierta en una herramienta de poder relativo para aquellos actores que carecían de peso en el sistema internacional. La carta fundamental de los Estados con economías emergentes será darle voz a aquellos que no la han tenido. A través de relaciones que se catalogan como asociaciones estratégicas, entre sujetos con un similar nivel de desarrollo, el Principio de Condicionalidad como rector de la relación de cooperación, desaparece. Asi, la formación del Grupo de Tareas para la Cooperación Sur-Sur adscrito al DAC es una muestra del cambio estructural del régimen de la cooperación internacional, y más aún, de las dinámicas tradicionales del sistema internacional.

Una nueva mirada a la frontera: diplomacia cultural como estrategia de integración en Norte de Santander y Táchira

El presente estudio de caso tiene como propósito analizar los aportes de diplomacia cultural al proceso de integración entre el departamento de Norte de Santander y el Estado de Táchira, ubicados en la frontera de la República de Colombia y la República Bolivariana de Venezuela, durante el periodo 2006-2013.Para explicar esto, en primer lugar, se describe el papel de la diplomacia cultural como herramienta de política exterior y, su relación con las fronteras y la integración. Posteriormente se analizan las estrategias de diplomacia cultural empleadas por Colombia para las zonas de frontera, a partir de los lineamientos de política exterior establecidos en el Plan Nacional de Desarrollo 2006-2010 y 2010-2014 y, finalmente se analizan los aportes de las estrategias de diplomacia cultural al proceso de integración de la frontera Norte de Santander-Táchira.

A centralidade do poder político na emergência da aviação comercial portuguesa

A aviação civil de transporte aéreo regular, em Portugal, emergiu por necessidade política do Estado Corres+pondendo à política colonial internacional. Se bem que tivessem surgido algumas companhias de aviação, anteriores ao serviço aéreo dos TAP, pertencente ao SAC, a maioria com capital estrangeiro, todas tiveram por objetivo a sustentabilidade as «subverções» do Governo português. Contudo, a emergência de portugueses como pioneiros e inventores da aviação acompanhou a história internacional, mas as ações tiveram um cariz individual e não empresarial. A construção da aviação com ligação às colónias impunha-se dentro da política internacional e a «linha aérea imperial», que fora uma proposta anterior à constituição dos TAP, apareceu por vontade do Governo estabelendo essa ligação aérea e terminando com alguma apetência estrangeira na sua exploração.

Accountability and board functionality: National Australia Bank's experience

The National Australia Bank’s (NAB) experience of corporate governance has been contrary to current standards of good corporate governance, accountability and risk management. Over the last few years NAB’s misadventures have brought it under intensive media scrutiny with the HomeSide losses and the investigation by the Securities and Exchange Commission in the USA for breaches of auditor independence. More recently the unauthorised trading by its foreign exchange dealers violated NABs risk management practices and the subsequent board crisis resulted in significant downgrading of the share price on the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX). This paper briefly reviews the international history of corporate accountability and its growth in Australia. The increasing shareholder and legislative pressure to improve sustainability, accountability and board functionality have driven these issues to the forefront of Governing Boards’ agendas worldwide. The board remains ultimately responsible for all actions of the company and this is highlighted by APRA’s recent release of the new governance standard APG510 for implementation by October 2006. The impact of NAB’s board dysfunction on its overall performance is compared with the other major banks in Australia. Cost efficiency ratios, share price and total shareholder return are used as measures of performance and profitability. It is clear, from NAB’s recent experience, as the worst performer of all the majors, with a 19.7% fall in net profit and a cost to income ratio of 57.4% in 2004, that the NAB board needs to improve its performance and accountability to meet a sustainable increase in profitability and higher return for investors.

Painting equality : female artists as cultural entrepreneurial marketers

Purpose – There is growing interest by marketers in historical accounts that paint early female artists as entrepreneurial marketers. The purpose of this paper is to challenge the traditional view of entrepreneurship to incorporate a feminist theory of cultural entrepreneurship by considering the role of two female artists.
Design/methodology/approach – Using calls for historical research and new methods of enquiry in marketing, this paper traces early female artists and applies modern entrepreneurial theory to their marketing methods to identify their innovation, adaptability to change and planned marketing approach.
Findings – The paper suggests that entrepreneurial marketing is fused with the artists’ persona resulting in their celebrated status being widely recognised. It contributes an important fresh body of knowledge to the wider entrepreneurship debate by offering a new model of cultural entrepreneurial marketing. The three concepts of innovation, adaptability and marketing approach have not previously been applied to link women artists as entrepreneurs, however, this article argues that there is plenty of evidence to do so.
Research limitations/implications – While these artists are Australian (which could be seen to be a limitation), the art market is indeed international. In this respect, these artists join a longer international history as producers and consumers involved in entrepreneurial organisations from early days.
Originality/value – The artists’ significance falls within the context of emerging modernism, feminism and cultural identity during the 1920s and 1930s in Sydney, Australia. It is combined with and explains the actions and the success of two female artists’ unusual marketing approach. It is of value to readers interested in historical context regarding equality in the visual arts.